This thesis deals with development of tool – macros which help to create coaxial cavity filters. It describes problematic design of complex structures at CST Studio Suite 2009. For this purpose macros supporting coarse and fine model to method Tuning – Space Mapping (TSM) was made. This means creating fine model at CST MWS and coarse model at CST DS.

Denna studie undersöker den möjliga förändring som kommer ske när 3D-simulering som arbetssätt får ta en allt större plats i en textil produktframtagningsprocess. Detta genom att besvara om det finns en marknad och ett intresse för ett förändrat arbetssätt. Undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar ett arbetssätt av implementerad 3D har. Samt utforska hur branschens yrkesroller kommer påverkas av detta. Situationen av COVID-19 har påvisat hur sårbar en produktframtagningsprocess på andra sidan jorden är i en global kris och därmed har intresset för ett arbetssätt av 3D ökat. Studien bedrivs med en abduktiv metod av kvalitativa undersökningar i form av fokusgrupp och intervjutillfälle. Rapportens resultat påvisar att marknaden är öppen och angelägen för ett nytt arbetssätt i form av 3D-baserad produktutveckling. COVID-19 har varit en bromskloss för många företag inom textilbranschen vilket har lett till ett ökat intresse och öppenheten för implementeringen av 3D. Efterfrågan och intresset av 3D-kompetens ses även på de utbildningar i programvaran CLO3D som redan från första terminsstart drevs med överfulla klasser. Implementerad 3D ses som det nya och framtida sätt att uppnå en mer effektiv och lättlöpande arbetsprocess. / This study examines the possible change that will take place when 3D-simulation will take a major place in a textile product development process. This by answering whether there is a market for a changed way of working. Investigate the advantages and disadvantages of an implemented 3D approach. And explore how the industry's professional roles will be affected by it. COVID-19 has shown how vulnerable a product development process on the other side of the world becomes in a global crisis and because of that the interest of 3D has increased. The study is conducted with an abductive method of qualitative research methods in the form of a focus group and an interview. The report's results show that the market is open for a new way of working in the form of implement 3D. The prevailing pandemic has led to a more open sight for implementing 3D. The demand and interest in 3D-competence has also been seen in the course of CLO3D software that from the first semester start with overfull classes. Implemented 3D is seen as the new way to achieve a more efficient and flexible work process.

<p>Product evaluation throughout the design process is a fundamental task to ensure product success. Virtual prototyping is displacing physical prototyping for product evaluation due to its lower cost and flexibility to easily generate design alternatives (colors, textures, shapes). The thesis provides a deeper understanding of the influence of the presentation medium on product evaluation. The semantic differential technique was applied in to obtain the consumers’ subjective impression when they observed furniture scenes under two different presentation mediums. High-quality realistic renderings were displayed on a computer screen equipped with an eye-tracker. The same scenes were observed by the same users (repeated measures experimental design) with a virtual reality headset equipped with an integrated eye-tracker (HP Reverb G2 Omnicept). Equivalent areas/volumes of interest were defined to calculate the eye- tracking metric dwell time. Statistical analyses then compared dwell times and values of semantic scales in the 2D and VR conditions to determine if the medium of presentation influenced them.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The experimental data obtained in the thesis confirmed that both the consumer’s subjective impression measured through bipolar pairs and the level of confidence in its assessment was influenced by the visual medium. However, the level of confidence in the assessment of a semantic scale of a product presented on VR was not affected by the sense of presence.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The amount of time (dwell time) that subjects spend looking at a specific product on a joint or individual visualization were influenced by the visual medium.</p>

The automotive industry is undergoing a rapid transformation, driven by global environmental regulations. To adapt, companies are not only focusing on the sustainability of their end products but also on optimizing their R&amp;D processes. Traditionally, efforts to reduce the emissions have centered on the end product and production processes, but achieving true sustainability requires attention to the entirety of the R&amp;D cycle, particularly the testing activities, which often significantly contribute to R&amp;D's environmental impact. The purpose of this study is to systematically assess the environmental impact of product development testing activities in an automotive company. Additionally, the study aims to propose actions to reduce the emissions from the testing activities. To achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative research approach including a case study at Scania, a manufacturer of heavy trucks and buses, was employed and involved 26 interviews with key experts in the field. The study reveals that within Scania, engine testing followed by vehicle testing contribute the most to the emissions in terms of CO2 and NOX. In contrast, component testing shows a relatively minor impact, largely due to the use of electricity-powered machinery that utilizes fossil free electricity. The paper outlines three steps to reduce the environmental impact of the product development testing activities. These actions include implementation of simulation-driven product development, Lean practices, and accelerating the rollout of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Increasing the quality of simulations can reduce physical tests, thus minimizing the emissions. Additionally, the study identifies four types of waste related to Lean within the testing processes, proposing specific actions for their elimination. Lastly, expediting the deployment of BEVs could replace conventional vehicles with electric ones, reducing the emissions from both engine and vehicle testing. However, the environmental implications of battery production for BEVs also need careful consideration to ensure overall sustainability. / Fordonsindustrin genomgår en hastig omvandling drivet av globala miljöregleringar. För att anpassa sig fokuserar företag inte bara på hållbarheten hos sina slutprodukter utan även på att optimera sina R&amp;D processer. Traditionellt har ansträngningar för att minimera miljöpåverkan fokuserat på slutprodukten och produktionsprocesserna, men för att uppnå miljömässig hållbarhet krävs förbättringar på hela R&amp;D kedjan, särskilt inom testverksamheten, vilket ofta har en stor miljöpåverkan på R&amp;D. Syftet med denna studie är att systematiskt bedöma miljöpåverkan av testverksamheten på R&amp;D i ett fordonsföretag. Dessutom syftar studien till att föreslå åtgärder för att minska miljöpåverkan från testverksamhetens aktiviteter. För att uppnå studiens syfte användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och en fallstudie på Scania, en tillverkare av tunga lastbilar och bussar, som involverade 26 intervjuer med experter inom området. Studien visar att Scanias motortestning följt av deras fordonsprovning har störst miljöpåverkan i form av CO2- och NOX utsläpp. Samtidigt visar komponenttestning en relativt liten påverkan, främst på grund av elektricitetsdriven maskinutrustning som använder fossilfri el. Rapporten beskriver tre steg för att minska på testverksamhetens miljöavtryck. Dessa åtgärder inkluderar att i högre grad utnyttja simuleringsdriven produktutveckling, Lean-praxis samt att påskynda utrullningen av batteridrivna fordon (BEVs). Genom att öka kvaliteten på simuleringar kan antalet fysiska tester minska och därmed reducera miljöpåverkan. Dessutom identifierar studien fyra typer av slöserier inom testverksamheten kopplat till Lean och föreslår specifika åtgärder för deras eliminering. Slutligen påvisar studien att en påskyndad utrullning av BEVs kommer att leda till ersättningen av fossildrivna fordon med elektriska, och därigenom minska utsläppen från både motortestning och fordonsprovning. Dock krävs en noggrann analys av de miljömässiga konsekvenserna av batteriproduktionen för BEVs för att säkerställa övergripande hållbarhet.

Ce projet de thèse se situe dans le cadre de l'étude de la fiabilité prédictive de nouveaux concepts d'assemblages microélectroniques de type « system in package » SiP. L'objectif est de développer une méthodologie de fiabilité prédictive adaptée aux nouveaux concepts d'assemblage qui permet d'optimiser et de prédire les performances dès la phase de conception. Elle est ensuite appliquée sur des projets concrets. Cette méthodologie de fiabilité prédictive fait intervenir des études expérimentales, des simulations thermomécaniques et des analyses statistiques pour traiter les données et évaluer la fiabilité et les risques de défaillance. L'utilisation d'outils de simulation des composants électroniques est bien adaptée pour aider à l'évaluation des zones les plus fragiles, la mise en place des règles de conception et la détermination des paramètres les plus influents avec une réduction du temps de mise en marché d'un produit fiable et une optimisation des performances. Les études réalisées sur le silicium avec deux tests : bille sur anneau et test trois points montrent que le rodage et l'épaisseur ont une influence sur la variation de la contrainte et la déflexion du silicium à la rupture. Avec le test trois points, le déclenchement des fissures est lié à la qualité de sciage et de rodage. Cependant avec le test bille sur anneau, seule la qualité de surface influence le déclenchement des fissures. Le test bille sur anneau est bien adapté pour évaluer la qualité de surface du silicium. Avec les techniques chimiques de réduction de contraintes, comme la gravure humide et plasma, la résistance à la rupture a été considérablement améliorée. Ces tests de rupture sur le silicium ont permis de caractériser la rupture du silicium sous une contrainte de flexion et de compléter les résultats de simulation. Ces travaux démontrent, le besoin et l'utilité du prototypage virtuel des composants électroniques et de l'utilisation d'une méthodologie prédictive dans l'évaluation de la fiabilité en l’appliquant sur des composants réels. / This thesis project is a study of the predictive reliability of new microelectronic package concepts such as "system in package" SiP. The objective is to develop a reliable predictive methodology adapted to the new assembly concepts to optimize and to predict the performance at the design phase. Then, the methodology is applied to concrete projects. This methodology of predictive reliability involves the use of experimental studies, thermomechanical simulations and statistical analysis to process the data and assess the reliability and risks of failure. The use of simulation tools for electronic components is well suited to assist in the evaluation of the most fragile areas, the setting up of design rules and the determination of the most influential parameters with a reduction in the setup time market for a reliable and optimized performance. Studies on silicon strength are conducted with two tests: ball on ring test and on three-point bend test show that the grinding and the thickness influence the variation of the stress and deflection of the silicon at break. With the three points bend test, the onset of crack is linked to defects in sawing and grinding zone. However, with the ball on ring test, only the surface quality influences the initiation of cracks. The ball on ring test is well suited for evaluating the quality of the silicon surface. Chemical techniques of stress release, such as wet etching and plasma etching, improve significantly the strength of silicon samples. These tests on silicon dies are used to characterize the breakdown of silicon under bending test and to complete the simulation results. We have demonstrated in this work, the need and the usefulness of the virtual prototyping of electronic components and the use of a predictive methodology in assessing reliability.

Cette thèse aborde les formalismes pour la modélisation multi-physique en support au cycle en V deconception. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR–MoCoSyMec, selon la méthodologie duprototypage virtuel fonctionnel (PVF) et illustré sur des systèmes électromagnétiques.Nous nous sommes principalement intéressés au langage VHDL-AMS, en tant que support aux différentsniveaux de modélisation apparaissant dans le cycle en V de conception. Cela nous a conduits à traiter laportabilité et l’interopérabilité en VHDL-AMS de diverses méthodes et outils de modélisation. Nous avonsproposé et validé, via le formalisme des composants logiciels ICAr, des solutions aux limites de l’utilisation deVHDL-AMS pour modéliser certains phénomènes physiques reposants sur des calculs numériques.Nous avons étendu la norme ICAr pour supporter des modèles dynamiques décrits par des équationsdifférentielles algébriques (DAE) ; et pour des besoins de co-simulation, nous pouvons également y associer unsolveur. Ces développements sont désormais capitalisés dans le framework CADES.Enfin, nous avons proposé une architecture pour le portage de modèles d’un formalisme à un autre. Elle a étédéfinie et mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement pour des modèles magnétiques réluctants (Reluctool) et desMEMS magnétiques (MacMMems) vers le VHDL-AMS.Ces formalismes et méthodologies sont mis en oeuvre autour du PVF d’un contacteur électromagnétique. / This PhD report deals with modeling formalisms for multi-physical systems in the design V- cycle. Thiswork was carried out within the French ANR-MoCoSyMec project, according to the methodology of functionalvirtual prototyping (PVF) and illustrated with electromagnetical systems.The work focuses on the VHDL-AMS modeling language, as a support for several modeling levels appearingin the design V-cycle. In this work, the portability and interoperability problems have been studied, usingVHDL-AMS, for various modeling methods and tools. Solutions have been proposed and validated for use limitsof VHDL-AMS language, specifically for the modeling of some physical phenomena using numericalcomputations, through the software component formalism called ICAr.The ICAr software component standard has been extended to support dynamic models described throughdifferential algebraic equations (DAE). It has also been extended for co-simulation purposes in which a solver isassociated to the dynamic model inside the ICAr component. These developed solutions are now available in theframework CADES.Finally, architecture has been proposed for the transforming of models from a professional formalism intoanother, specifically into VHDL-AMS. It has been designed and implemented for reluctant magnetic models(RelucTool) and magnetic MEMS (MacMMems).These formalisms and methodologies are implemented around the functional virtual prototyping (PVF) of anelectromagnetic contactor.

Modern product development is a highly complex process characterized by a pronounced interdisciplinary cooperation. Interdisciplinary cooperation accompanied with firm strategic and integrating concep ts leads to innovation potentials in context of cooperative product engineering. The phrase "Mechatronics" represents exactly these novel methodological concepts in the developing process of innova tive products with highly innovative functionality and structure. The concept Mechatronics has been exemplary proven successfully in high-tech sectors. A glance at the automobile or high speed train technology gives an impressive and pursuing figure of the far reach ing Mechatronics philosophy. SME in general have not enough research and development resources to their disposal in order to comply with the ever increasing market demands. Ways out of this dilemma are strategic alliances on one hand and the education of young "Mechatronicans" at universities on the other hand. ISOM 2002 aims to contribute by inviting SME representatives and students from universities and supplementary instit utions in Saxony. The key words of Mechatronics are sensors and actuators, integrated control strategies, modeling and simulation, effective design, safety and reliability. The symposium focuses on state-of-the-art in Mechatronics, especially regarding to controlled high precision systems and particularly to novel electromechanical driving systems. It will point toward future research directions in these subjects. ISOM 2002 is intended as a forum for those engineers and researchers from universities and industry in and outside Europe who actively participate in the young field of Mechatronics and uphold the old spirit of exchanging theoretical and practical results within the scientific community. / Die moderne industrielle Produktentwicklung ist ein hochkomplexer Prozess, der gekennzeichnet ist durch eine stark ausgeprägte interdisziplinäre Arbeit. Diese Interdisziplinarität gepaart mit fundiert en Strategie- und Integrationskonzepten führt zu erheblichen Innovationspotentialen im kooperativen Produkt-Engineering. Das Kunstwort Mechatronik steht genau für dieses neuartige methodologische Konz ept im Entwicklungsprozess innovativer Produkte mit einem hohen Integrationsgrad von Funktionalität und Struktur. Die Industrie hat in vielen High-Tech-Bereichen das Konzept Mechatronik beispielhaft realisiert. Ein Blick auf die Automobil- und Hochgeschwindigkeitszugtechnik zeigt in eindrucksvoller Weise die Tr agfähigkeit der Mechatronik-Philosophie. KMU verfügen oft nicht über das erforderliche FuE-Personal und die entsprechenden materiellen Ressourcen, um das enorme Entwicklungstempo mitzugehen. Wege zur Überwindung dieser Defizite sind strategi sche Allianzen und eine gezielte Ausbildung von Mechatronikern an Hoch- und Fachschulen. Auch hierzu soll das Symposium einen Beitrag leisten, indem insbesondere Vertreter von KMU und Studenten der ga stgebenden Universität sowie anderer Hochschuleinrichtungen Sachsens eingeladen wurden. Zu den Schlüsselworten in der Mechatronik gehören Sensoren und Aktoren, integrierte Steuerstrategien, Modellierung und Simulation, effektiver Entwurf, Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit. Der derzeitige Sta nd der Mechatronikforschung, vor allem mit Blick auf hochgenaue, gesteuerte mechatronische Systeme und insbesondere neuartige integrierte elektromechanische Antriebssysteme, soll im Mittelpunkt dieses Symposiums stehen. Auch zukünftige Forschungsaufgaben für die Grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierte Forschung in den genannten Themenbereichen sollen aufgezeigt werden. Das Symposium versteht sich als Treffpunkt für diejenigen Forscher und Entwickler, die in Europa an Hochschulen ebenso wie in der Industrie auf diesem Gebiet aktiv sind und sich auf einen Austausch th eoretischer, experimenteller und anwendungsspezifischer Erfahrungen, die bei der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit auf dem noch jungen Gebiet der Mechatronik erlangt wurden, freuen.