Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_genilda.pdf: 967926 bytes, checksum: e530b865506746e759e9aff8fa7a62d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / This dissertation aims to investigate the relationship between patrimony and society, and in this sense focuses on the processes related to the building of this patrimony, by seek-ing out through the so-called narratives on patrimony a mélange of senses and under-standings about this theme and linked to the field of the visual culture. In reality, this is also a research under a clear-cut pedagogical approach, so that there is herein an inten-tion to re-read, reanalyze and reinvestigate, giving rise to a speculative review, the rela-tionship between identity and culture concerning the topic patrimony. / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de problematizar as relações entre patrimônio e sociedade e direciona o olhar para os processos de construção do universo patrimonial, buscando no que aqui convenciono chamar narrativas do patrimônio sentidos de ampli-ação do entendimento desta temática com subsídio nos estudos da cultura visual. Trata-se, com efeito, de uma proposta de dimensão também educativa, na medida em que aqui se propõe revisitar, reinterpretar e reanalisar os propósitos identitários e as relações culturais presentes no campo patrimonial a partir de uma ótica reflexiva entre a vida social e o artefato patrimonial.

Em nossos dias, considera-se a articulação entre expressão e conteúdo no poema um dos traços mais importantes da criação poética. Desde a eclosão dos movimentos estéticos de vanguarda do século XX, que procuraram romper com os discursos tradicionais e as formas canônicas do verso, a tensão palavra/som/imagem tem sido um vetor construtivo por excelência da criação poética, sendo a poesia visual uma das formas de arte que mais difusão apresentou nas últimas décadas. A presente pesquisa procura demonstrar que, mais que um traço característico da criação poética moderna, a tensão entre expressão e conteúdo e o recurso à visualização constituem procedimentos estéticos presentes em diversas tradições literárias da Antiguidade, tanto no Ocidente quanto no Oriente. Assim, este trabalho busca recuperar esses textos originais a partir do estudo de um conjunto de aproximadamente trinta poemas, pertencentes às tradições literárias sânscrita (o citrakvya), grega (o technopaignion) e latina (o carmen figuratum). O estudo consistiu em, de um lado, traduzir os poemas para a língua portuguesa, acompanhados de comentários críticos, a fim de compor uma antologia de poesia visual. E, de outro, analisar, com base na linguística estrutural e na teoria semiótica francesa, os mecanismos próprios de configuração de sentido dos poemas, a partir de questões clássicas acerca desse tipo de prática poética como as oposições entre arbitrariedade vs. motivação; oralidade vs. escrita; e temporalidade vs. espacialidade. Finalmente, aplicando as bases teóricas discutidas ao corpus estudado, procuramos estabelecer uma tipologia segundo a qual os poemas possam ser classificados. / At the present time, one of the most important traits of a poetic creation is the relationship between expression and content in the poem. Starting from the outbreak of the avant-garde aesthetic movements of the 20th century, which sought to break with the traditional discourses and with the canonical forms of verse, the word/sound/image tension has been a constructive vector par excellence of the poetic creation, and visual poetry has been one of the most widespread forms of art in recent decades. This research aims to show that, rather than being a trait of the modern poetic creation, the tension between content and expression and the use of visualization is part of the aesthetic procedures also present in the literary traditions of antiquity, both in the West and the East. This work seeks to recover these original texts from the study of a group of about thirty poems, belonging to the Sanskrit (citrakvya), Greek (technopaignion) and Latin (carmen figuratum) literary traditions. On the one hand, the goal of the study is the translation of the poems into Portuguese, accompanied by critical comments in order to compose an anthology of visual poetry, and on the other hand, based on structural linguistics and French semiotics to analyze the proper configuration of meaning mechanisms of poems from the classic questions about this type of poetic practice as the oppositions between arbitrary vs. motivation; orality vs. writing, and temporality vs. spatiality. Finally, applying the discussed theoretical basis to the studied corpus, we sought to establish a typology to which these poems could be classified.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o processo de visualidade, quando da leitura de textos multimodais publicados em jornais brasileiros. A hipótese de nosso trabalho é que, contrário à maneira tradicional de abordar a imagem como documento, isto é, com seu significado estático e inerente a ela, acreditamos que a imagem é uma construção sócio histórica, carregando traços de seu contexto de produção; como tal a leitura e a interpretação dessa imagem serão influenciadas pelo contexto sócio histórico no qual se inserem seus intérpretes/produtores. O trabalho consistiu na contraposição entre análises de imagens jornalísticas e conceitos da Semiótica, Análise de Discurso, Antropologia Visual e Comunicação Visual. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze visual multimodal texts published in Brazilian newspapers. The hypothesis is that, contrary to the traditional approach to the image as a document with a fixed static and inherent meaning, we believe that the image is a socio historic construction carrying traces of its context of production; as such the reading and interpretation of the image is influenced by the socio-historic context to which its interpreters/producers belong. Our methodology consisted of counterposing the analysis of journalistic images and concepts from Semiotics, Discourse Analysis, Visual Anthropology and Visual Communications.

This thesis explores the affect of the emperor-centred visual culture on Sōseki’s use of visual methodologies in his travel writing in London and Manchuria, as well as his novel Sanshirō. In Part I of this thesis, I argue that Sōseki’s anxiety and ambivalence was in part due to the visual culture created around an imperial image infused with symbolic power. Part II of this thesis is almost a reversal of the first, as it discusses Sōseki’s use of deliberately visual methodologies to express his anxiety and ambivalence towards modernity. In light of my discussion of these complex visual techniques, I conclude by briefly addressing the allegations of Sōseki’s complicity in Japanese imperialism and the (non-)politicization of his work. While Sōseki’s anxiety and ambivalence may have been caused by the extremely visual culture centred on the emperor, it also provided him with a means and methodology for expressing his pessimism.

This thesis explores the affect of the emperor-centred visual culture on Sōseki’s use of visual methodologies in his travel writing in London and Manchuria, as well as his novel Sanshirō. In Part I of this thesis, I argue that Sōseki’s anxiety and ambivalence was in part due to the visual culture created around an imperial image infused with symbolic power. Part II of this thesis is almost a reversal of the first, as it discusses Sōseki’s use of deliberately visual methodologies to express his anxiety and ambivalence towards modernity. In light of my discussion of these complex visual techniques, I conclude by briefly addressing the allegations of Sōseki’s complicity in Japanese imperialism and the (non-)politicization of his work. While Sōseki’s anxiety and ambivalence may have been caused by the extremely visual culture centred on the emperor, it also provided him with a means and methodology for expressing his pessimism.

A multi-layered analysis on the morphological development of Ephesus in relation to the Temple of Artemis and an investigative wandering through the streets of this city in the era of Roman Empire highlights this thesis characterized by a consistent search for the significance of the notion of urban armature. From the standpoint of those who lived at that time, special attention is directed toward the colonnaded avenues as well as to their formal and social impacts within the city fabric. The thesis re-reads Ephesus within two main parts / first the urban form in relation to the topographical provision and sacred landscape provided by the site itself / and then from the ground level through a walking trip of the city as it appeared in the second century A.D. Crucial to this visual experience is the semantic quality of the environment at a collective level since the meaning of the experience would be useless without considering the meaning of signs and symbols within the environment. Thus, bounding ancient society and urban space at the phenomenological level, the small trip starts at the harbor and concludes at the Temple of Artemis, the irrefutable symbol of Ephesus and the most revered shrine in Asia Minor.

Drawing on social movement literature, my thesis examines if news media, NGO, business and government engagement of the BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico is affected by issue or event complexity, visuality, or issue build-up. To engage this, data from English language newspaper articles in the US, Canada, and the UK, press releases by Greenpeace and Sierra Club, press releases by BP, ExxonMobil, and Shell as well as press releases by the White House are analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. I find that as an issue or event’s casual narrative becomes less complicated and as it becomes easier to portray visually its engagement by social and political actors increases. I also find that issue engagement is influenced by whether or not social and political actors signal an issue or an event’s importance to others.

Laurence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, has been noted as an unconventional eighteenth-century novel and it has long been considered unadaptable and unfilmable. In the last decade, however, two popular adaptations of Tristram Shandy have appeared in new media forms: Martin Rowson’s 1996 graphic novel and Michael Winterbottom’s 2005 film. Since Sterne’s text denies the kind of transfer typical of literary adaptations, Rowson and Winterbottom adapt the conceptual elements. Through adaptation and media theory, this thesis defines the Shandean elements of Sterne’s novel and locates the qualities of the text retained in adaptation. Rowson and Winterbottom adapt the conceptual properties of Tristram Shandy, ‘the spirit of the text,’ into two distinct mediums. In an exploration of the conventions of each medium, this thesis argues that the adaptations of Tristram Shandy are true to its spirit, and both successfully adapt the unadaptable novel.

This study is an inquiry into the architectural aspects of stage space, which is believed to be the materialization of visual relationships, with the claim that it is also the best illustration of the proposition that architectural discourse is affected by the changes in visual culture. The study is based on the assumption that changes in the conceptualization of architectural space have also been influenced from the shifts in the field of vision, which are the consequences of the changes in the social, political and economical circumstances as well as the developments in science and technology. Within the acknowledgement of three major shifts in the field of vision that have been identified by Jonathan Crary, the study focuses on a reading and assessment of twentieth century developments that differ from the traditional conception of space and ways of spatial representation. Being a key to reconsider architectural space production, the outcomes of these developments are read through the construction of stage and performance spaces. Stage space possesses knowledge about the making of architecture. This study is an attempt to demonstrate how stage space is in relation to or anticipates changes in conception of architecture. Because of its instant nature and flexibility, stage space can be seen as a tool for making experiments for possible changes in the conception of architectural space.

Assim como existem figuras retóricas concernentes ao plano do conteúdo e ao plano da expressão fônico, existem figuras concernentes ao plano da expressão gráfico. Partindo dessa proposição, nesta tese, recolhem-se alguns procedimentos poéticos recorrentes na poesia e que criam sentido visualmente, a fim de verificar se eles podem ser incorporados ao conjunto das figuras retóricas. Para tal, em primeiro lugar, faz-se uma investigação do estatuto da escrita no campo da linguística estrutural, a fim de estabelecer seus princípios e unidades operatórias. Propõe-se então a base da grafemática autônoma. Depois, definem-se as noções retóricas a partir das quais serão constituídas as figuras. Para isso, recuperam-se alguns tratados clássicos gregos, latinos e indianos , e modernos a Retórica geral, do Grupo e finalmente se apresenta a nossa base, da retórica lida à luz das teorias linguísticas modernas. Assim, as unidades definidas na grafemática servem de parâmetros para a constituição de níveis retóricos a fim de elaborarem-se as figuras da escrita, as quais são apresentadas na forma de um catálogo mais adiante. Divididas em quatro níveis: diamerismos, dos traços distintivos; metaplasmos, até as palavras; metataxes, das relações entre as palavras; e tropos, semânticos; essas amostras fornecem indícios de como se poderiam organizar as figuras retóricas do plano da expressão gráfico. Por fim, três poemas são analisados utilizando as propostas teóricas desenvolvidas. / There are rhetorical figures related to the content and phonic expression planes, similarly, there are figures related to the graphic expression plane. Based on this assumption, the following study collected some recurring poetic procedures that create visual meaning as to verify whether they can be incorporated into the set of rhetorical figures. For that end, we first investigate the status of writing in the field of structural linguistics and establish its principles and operative units. After proposing the basis of an autonomous grafematics, we then define the rhetorical concepts for the construction of those rhetorical figures. For this, we work with some classical (Greek, Latin and Indian) and modern (the General Rhetoric of the Groupe ) treatises, and finally, we present the foundation of our rhetorics as seen in the light of modern linguistic theories. Thus, the units set out in the grafematics serve as parameters for building rhetorical levels and are employed to draw up the written figures, which are presented in the form of a catalog. The samples are broken down into four levels: from diamerismos of distinctive features to metaplasmos (words); from metataxes (relation between words) to tropos (semantics); these samples provide evidence of how we could organize the rhetorical figures of the graphic expression. Finally, working with the theoretical framework developed in the thesis, we analyze three poems.