Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A proposta deste trabalho é realizar uma análise da figura feminina nos romances Jangada de pedra, História do cerco de Lisboa e Ensaio sobre a cegueira, de José Saramago. Iniciando por uma breve pesquisa da história da mulher como forma de traçar a longa trajetória por que passou até a sua emancipação, o estudo revela, através da análise de diferentes identidades femininas, a abertura de uma nova concepção de mulher na literatura portuguesa.O escritor propõe em sua obra uma reflexão sobre a situação do mundo através do indivíduo e suas atitudes, responsabilidades e anseios. Os ensinamentos que seus romances costumam transmitir aos leitores, na maioria das vezes, partem de personagens femininas. A mulher se completa realizando o papel de mãe, protetora e companheira e, ao mesmo tempo, de amante e guerreira. Considerada pelo presente trabalho uma heroína contemporânea, ela engloba estas duas vertentes que a sociedade por muito tempo insistiu em separar, cuidando da casa e da família ao mesmo tempo em que trabalha e busca seu sustento fora de casa Também é a mulher que, nesta obra, tem o poder da sensibilidade e da compaixão ajudando àqueles que precisam, mesmo quando mal os conhece. E também é ela quem consegue, encantadoramente, metamorfosear-se de menina a mulher, intercalando as imagens de santa e prostituta, sedutora externamente e pura em sua essência.Entretanto, a escrita saramagueana não trata apenas de inibir a matriz patriarcal, ignorando com isso o papel do homem. O que há é o resgate das culturas primitivas matriarcais, com a mulher e o homem governando em igualdade e harmonia. Por este motivo, o homem também é muito importante em seus romances já que, em união com a mulher, incentivado e guiado por ela, partem juntos, através do amor, para uma travessia (humana) existencial, na busca do conhecimento / The proposal of this work is to carry out an analysis of the feminine figure in the romances novels Jangada de Pedra, História do cerco de Lisboa and Ensaio sobre a Cegueira of the writer José Saramago. Beginning with a short research of the woman history as a way to trace her trajectory along the time for her emancipation, and with the analysis of the different feminine identities, the study reveals a new concept of the woman in Portuguese literature.The writer proposes in his work a reflection of the world situation through the individuals and their attitudes, responsibilities and desires. The lessons of his novels to the readers, most of the time have start from feminine figures. The woman completes herself playing a mothers role, protector and partner, and at the same time lover and warrior. Considered at the present work as an actual heroine, she takes the mission of the two distinct activities that the society insisted in making them apart, taking care of home and family while she works to provide their needs.In this work the woman also has the power of sensibility and compassion to help those in needs even when she barely knows them. She is also the one who can, with charm, become herself from girl to woman, fitting in as saint and prostitute, externally pure and seducer in her essence.However, Saramagos writings are not only about the matrixs patriarchal inhibition, ignoring the mans role. There is the rescue of matriarchal primitive cultures, with woman and man governing in equality and peacefully. For this reason, the man is also very important in his novels, since together with the woman, motivated and guided by her, they go trough love for an existential cross over for the search of knowledge

This thesis presents the Chinese and European competition laws on abuse of dominant position. The thesis starts with an introduction, and goes on to present the purpose of the study, which is to determine the similarities and differences between the Chinese and European prohibitions on ADP.       After the introductory part, consisting of background, method, material and previos research, the respective prohibitions are described in different aspects. The aspects are namely system, purpose, scope of application, what constitutes dominance and what constitutes abuse. Thereafter, the two prohibitions are compared. In the comparison, similarities are presented such as similar purposes, similar scope of application, very similar in what constitutes a dominant position and abuse. The systematics however differ more, and so do the rules on extraterritorial application.      In the concluding remarks, the results of the thesis are highlighted and the author shortly analyses the results..

Orientador: Carlos Takahiro Chone / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ortiz_Erica_M.pdf: 2620936 bytes, checksum: e99104f6d864e8b71f9b41dcfe9763c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A imunossupressão é a principal causa de rinossinusite recorrente no transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) com uma incidência aumentada na Doença do Enxerto contra o Hospedeiro (DECH) pós-TCTH. Descrições histológicas de mucosas oral, pulmonar e intestinal associadas ao TCTH e a DECH têm sido descritas. Porem, para entender melhor a fisiopatogenia da resposta imune nos pacientes transplantados, verificou-se a histologia e ultraestrutura da mucosa nasossinusal dos pacientes TCTH com e sem DECH. O processo unciforme de 24 pacientes submetidos ao TCTH (19 com DECH e 5 sem) foi submetido à análise histológica através das microscopias óptica e eletrônica de transmissão (ME). A ME mostrou alterações na estrutura ciliar, quantidade de mitocôndria, microvilos e vacuolização citoplasmática. Todos os transplantados com rinossinusite apresentaram perda ou ausência significante de cílios (P=0.018). Corpúsculos apoptóticos estavam aumentados e células caliciformes, diminuídas no epitélio nasossinusal dos pacientes transplantados com DECH crônica (P=0.04). Esta destruição epitelial poderia facilitar a penetração bacteriana ou viral, desencadeando uma recorrência ou exacerbação da infecção. / Abstract: Immunosuppression is the leading cause of recurrent sinus infections following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) with increased incidence of sinusitis in patients with chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) following HSCT. Histological descriptions of the oral mucosa, lung ciliary epithelium and intestinal mucosa related to HSCT and GVHD have been described. However, we sought to verify the histological and ultra structural aspects of nasal mucosa in patients following HSCT with and without GVHD in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the immune response. The uncinate processes from 24 HSCT (19 with GVHD, 5 without) patients were subjected to histological analyses via light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM revealed altered cilia structure, mitochondria quantity, microvilli, cytoplasm vacuolization. All HSCT patients with rhinosinusitis had significant loss or absence of cilia (P=0.018). Apoptotic bodies were increased and Goblet cells decreased in nasal epithelium from patients with chronic GVHD (P=0.04).This tissue destruction would facilitate the bacterial and viral penetration and may result in a recurrence or exacerbation of the infection. / Mestrado / Otorrinolaringologia / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientadores: Ester Maria Danielli Nicola, Eulália Sakano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T13:39:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ortiz_Erica_D.pdf: 2854168 bytes, checksum: c4f7e3d14049e592b11a3b339481fa12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Introdução: Acredita-se que a imunossupressão seja única causa para maior prevalência de rinossinusites (RS) no transplantado de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) principalmente naqueles com Doença do Enxerto contra o Hospedeiro (DECH) crônica. Pacientes submetidos ao TCTH podem apresentar alterações nasossinusais, que podem se relacionar ao próprio transplante, assim como pelo regime de condicionamento ou pela DECH. Entretanto, estas alterações nasossinusais não estão bem descritas na literatura assim como a associação entre estas e a rinossinusite. Objetivo: verificar a histologia e ultraestrutura da mucosa nasossinusal com RS no TCTH com e sem DECH; e verificar a influencia da RS nas possíveis alterações histológicas nestes pacientes. Método: estudo prospectivo exploratório de coorte transversal com análise estatística de dados obtidos da avaliação de mucosa de processo unciforme de pacientes transplantados com (16) e sem DECH (8) com RS; através da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e óptica. Comparação da recorrência das RS e alterações histológicas. Resultados: 47% (14) tiveram apenas 1 ou 2 episódios e 33%, mais de 3 episódios de rinossinusite. Apenas a presença de microvilosidades foi significativamente maior nos pacientes sem GVHD (p=0,05). Não houve diferença significativa na quantidade de cílios, ultraestrutura ciliar, metaplasia escamosa, células caliciformes, vacuolização citoplasmática, densidade do infiltrado inflamatório, linfócitos, eosinófilos e corpúsculos apoptóticos intraepiteliais, glândulas mucosas, espessura da membrana basal, edema e fibrose subepiteliais entre os grupos com e sem DECH. Houve diminuição significante de cílios conforme maior recorrência de rinossinusite (p=0,008). Conclusão: pacientes com RS e TCTH não apresentaram diferenças nas alterações histológicas nasossinusais, exceto aumento de microvilosidades naqueles sem a DECH. Os transplantados com e sem DECH apresentaram somente diminuição dos cílios conforme o aumento da recorrência de RS / Abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is believed that immunosuppression is the sole cause for the occurrence of rhinosinusitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). There is a high incidence of sinusitis in recipient patients, especially in those with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host disease (GVHD). Histopathological abnormalities were described in recipients¿ sinus mucosa compared to immunocompetent patients. There were also mucosal abnormalities related to cytotoxicity in the transplanted patients with chronic GVHD but no difference in ultrastructure between HSCT patients with and without GVHD, except for increased goblet cells in patients without GVHD. The relation between the sinonasal mucosa abnormalities of patients with and without GVHD and rhinosinusitis is not well established yet. OBJECTIVE: To verify the ultrastructure of the sinonasal mucosa of HSCT with and without GVHD with rhinosinusitis to understand the cause of high sinusitis incidence in recipients with and without GVHD. METHOD: A prospective study with preliminary exploratory statistical analysis of data obtained from the evaluation of the uncinate process mucosa of patients transplanted with (16) and without GVHD (8) with rhinosinusitis by transmission electron and optical microscopy. RESULTS: Of the patients, 47% (14) had only 1 or 2 episodes, and 33% had more than 3 episodes of rhinosinusitis. Only the presence of microvilli was significantly higher in patients without GVHD. There was no significant difference in the amount of cilia, ciliary ultrastructure, squamous metaplasia, goblet cells, vacuolization, density of the inflammatory infiltrate, intraepithelial lymphocytes, eosinophils, mucous glands, apoptotic corpuscles intraepithelial basement membrane thickness, edema and subepithelial fibrosis between groups. There was a significant decrease of cilia with higher recurrence of rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in microvilli HSCT without GVHD with rhinosinusitis, and the ultrastructure and histological changes of HSCT with and without GVHD did not change with the recurrence of rhinosinusitis. However, there was a decrease of cilia in the epithelium of the sinonasal HSCT with higher recurrence of rhinosinusitis / Doutorado / Otorrinolaringologia / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Maria Elvira Pizzigatti Corrêa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feio_PatriciadoSocorroQueiroz_D.pdf: 2959247 bytes, checksum: a2ac8e141dbed328b3bf56ecc39c6db1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Apesar dos avanços, a doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH) ainda é principal complicação pós-transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoéticas (alo TCTH), que limita sobrevida e induz maior morbidade nos pacientes. A descoberta de proteínas diferentemente presentes na DECH pode ser capaz de tornar o diagnóstico mais precoce e preciso, além de permitir melhor tratamento. Neste contexto, o estudo dos proteomas busca encontrar proteínas que funcionem como biomarcadores e a utilização da saliva para este fim apresenta vantagens por apresentar coleta não invasiva, indolor e de baixo custo. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar prospectivamente o proteoma salivar em pacientes submetidos ao alo TCTH e comparar a perfil das proteínas em pacientes que desenvolveram a DECH (DECH+) e os que não desenvolveram (DECH-), elaborando um painel de potenciais biomarcadores para esta doença. Foram incluídos neste trabalho 20 pacientes submetidos ao transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoéticas na Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação odontológica e adequação do meio bucal quando necessário, além de serem avaliados para grau de mucosite, parâmetros clínicos de hipossalivação e avaliação das lesões orais de DECH. Foram coletadas amostras de saliva não estimulada em 3 períodos: pré-TCTH, no d+8-10 e d+ 80-100. Adicionalmente, foi avaliado o fluxo salivar dos pacientes em todas as coletas. Todas as amostras foram acondicionadas com inibidores de proteases para avaliação proteômica. A análise das amostras foi realizada por espectrometria de massas após digestão com tripsina e separação dos peptídeos por uma coluna reversa de nanocromatografia líquida. Os dados obtidos foram confrontados com o banco International Protein Index (IPI) human utilizando o software Mascot v.2.3.2.0 ® e os arquivos resultantes da busca foram carregados no software Scaffold ®. As proteínas que mostraram variação em razão de 100% (? 0,5 e >2) entre os grupos DECH+ e DECH- no período d+8-10 para d+80-100 foram consideradas significativas. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa dos parâmetros clínicos de hipossalivação com o grupo DECH+. Entretanto na avaliação longitudinal dos pacientes, a presença de saliva espessa e viscosa mostrou-se significativa (p = 0,003). Foram identificadas 69 proteínas nos pacientes avaliados, sendo as mais frequentes relacionadas à defesa e imunidade. No presente estudo, dez proteínas mostraram alteração no grupo DECH+, porém 4 estavam presentes em apenas uma amostra com a doença. Portanto, as proteínas Lactoferroxin-B, IGL@ protein, Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, Cystatin-SA, Cystatin-S e Prolactin-inducible protein foram consideradas como potencias biomarcadores para a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro / Abstract: The graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the major clinical complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), limiting survival and inducing major morbity. Differently expressed proteins in GVHD have the potential of improving early and accurate diagnosis, also allow a better treatment. Proteome analysis is emerging for the discovery of proteins which function as biomarkers and saliva can be useful for this purpose because offers an easy, inexpensive, safe, and non-invasive approach. The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary proteome in patients underwent allo-HSCT and compare the proteins expressions between patients with and without GVHD and elaborate a panel of possible biomarkers for this condition. Twenty patients underwent allo- HSCT at the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit - UNICAMP were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent dental evaluation before HSCT and oral environment stabilization were performed when necessary. Also, an evaluation of grade of mucositis, clinical signs of hyposalivation and oral GVHD lesions. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected on 3 different times: pre-HSCT, d+8-10 e d+ 80-100. Additionally, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Thus, these samples were stored with protease inhibitors for proteomic evaluation. The samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry after protein digestion with trypsin and peptides separated by a Reverse Phase-nanoUltra Perfomance Liquid Chromatography. Protein search was performed using the Mascot v.2.3.2.0 ® engine against International Protein Index (IPI) human Database and the output files of the searches were loaded onto Scaffold software ®. The proteins which showed 100% fold change (? 0,5 e >2) between d+8-10 and d+80-100 were significant. There was no statistically significant correlation of clinical parameters of hyposalivation with GVHD+ group. However in the longitudinal assessment of patients, the presence of thick and viscous saliva was significant (p = 0,003). Sixty nine proteins were identified and the majority was involved in defense and immunity. The results indicated ten proteins differentially expressed in GVHD+ group, but 4 were presented only in one sample with disease. Therefore, Lactoferroxin-B, IGL @ protein, Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, Cystatin SA, Cystatin-S and Prolactin-inducible protein were identified as potential biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutora em Estomatopatologia

This essay will examine the youth novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling. The aim of this essay is to find tendencies of how the novel favours non-stereotypical male behaviour and characteristics. Using gender criticism, the novel and its most central male characters are analysed to highlight their gender characteristics. Symbols and metaphors constitute a part of the analysis for a more comprehensive examination. The results of this essay show that the male characters are divided into two factions, the good side and the evil side. It is evident that the male characters on the evil side are characterised by stereotypical male gender behaviour and the male characters on the good side tend to show a lack of stereotypical masculine traits. The Fantasy genre, which dictates a strong good versus evil storyline, extends this polarisation. The stereotypical male gender roles are therefore opposed and non-stereotypical male behaviour is promoted in the narration by favouring male vulnerability and ridiculing stereotypical masculine traits.

The scope of the thesis is to present current rules of financial reporting of the Peoples Republic of China so-called China mainland and to provide general insight on the topic. The thesis firstly describes development of Chinese financial reporting, presents objective, role and users of financial reports in China, covers current principles of financial reporting in China, presents the differences between Chinese Accounting Standards and International Standards of Financial Reporting, introduce the reasons behind the differences and presents impact of Chinese culture on financial reporting. The objective of the research is not Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Hong Kong, neither Macao.

La caractérisation et le monitoring des ressources en eau souterraine et des processus d'écoulement et de transport associés reposent principalement sur la mise en place de forages (piézomètres). Mais la variété des échelles auxquelles se déroulent ces processus et leur variabilité dans l'espace et dans le temps limitent l'interprétation des observations hydrogéologiques. Dans un tel contexte, l'hydrogéophysique fait appel aux méthodes de prospection géophysique afin, notamment, d'améliorer la très faible résolution spatiale des données de forage et de limiter leur caractère destructif. Parmi les outils géophysiques appliqués à l'hydrogéologie, les méthodes sismiques sont régulièrement utilisées à différentes échelles. Mais la réponse sismique dans le contexte de la caractérisation des aquifères reste complexe. L'interprétation des vitesses estimées est souvent délicate à cause de leur variabilité en fonction de la lithologie de l'aquifère (paramètres mécaniques intrinsèques et géométrie des milieux poreux le constituant, influence du degré de saturation, etc). La perméabilité du milieu a également un effet sur la géométrie d'un réservoir hydrologique dont les contours peuvent varier en espace comme en temps, compliquant ainsi l'interprétation des données sismiques.Les géophysiciens cherchent à pallier ces limites, notamment à travers l'étude conjointe des vitesses (Vp et Vs) des ondes compression (P) et de cisaillement (S), dont l'évolution est par définition fortement découplée en présence de fluides. D'un point de vue théorique, cette approche se révèle appropriée à la caractérisation de certains aquifères, en particulier grâce à l'estimation des rapports Vp/Vs ou du coefficient de Poisson. L'évaluation de ces rapports peut être pratiquée de manière systématique grâce à la tomographie sismique en réfraction en utilisant parallèlement ondes P et S. Mais d'un point de vue pratique, la mesure de Vs reste délicate à mettre en oeuvre car les ondes S sont souvent difficiles à générer et à identifier sur les enregistrements sismiques. Une alternative est proposée par l’estimation indirecte de Vs à partir de l’inversion de la dispersion des ondes de surface, réalisée à partir de mesures de la vitesse des ondes de surface contenues dans les enregistrements sismiques classiques. Bien que généralement proposée pour la caractérisation de milieux 1D, la prospection par ondes de surface peut être déployée le long de sections linéaires dans le but de reconstruire un modèle 2D de distribution des Vs du sous-sol.Une méthodologie a été mise au point afin d'exploiter simultanément et de façon optimale les ondes P et les ondes de surface à partir des mêmes enregistrements sismiques. Lors de sa mise en oeuvre sur le terrain, cette acquisition « en ondes P » a été systématiquement suivie d'une acquisition « en ondes SH » afin de comparer les vitesses Vs obtenues par analyse de la dispersion des ondes de surface et par tomographie en ondes SH. L'utilisation de cette méthodologie dans différents contextes géologiques et hydrogéologiques a permis d'estimer les variations latérales et temporelles du rapport Vp/Vs, en bon accord avec les informations géologiques a priori et les données géophysiques et piézométriques existantes. L'utilisation de l'interférométrie laser a également permis de mettre ces techniques de traitement en application sur des modèles physiques parfaitement contrôlés afin d'étudier la propagation des ondes élastiques dans des « analogues » réalistes de milieux poreux partiellement saturés. / Characterisation and monitoring of groundwater resources and associated flow and transport processes mainly rely on the implementation of wells (piezometers). The interpretation of hydrogeological observations is however limited by the variety of scales at which these processes occur and by their variability in space and in time. In such a context, using geophysical methods often improves the very low spatial resolution of borehole data and limits their destructive nature. Among the geophysical tools applied to hydrogeology, seismic methods are commonly used at different scales. However, the seismic response in the context of aquifer characterisation remains complex. The interpretation of the estimated velocities is often difficult because of their variability depending on the aquifer lithology (intrinsic mechanical parameters and geometry of the constituting porous media, influence of the degree of saturation, etc). The permeability of the medium also affects the geometry of a hydrological reservoir whose contours may vary in space and in time, thus complicating the interpretation of seismic data. Geophysicists seek to overcome these limitations, especially through the joint study of compression (P-) and shear (S-) wave velocities (Vp and Vs), whose evolution is by definition highly decoupled in the presence of fluids. From a theoretical point of view, this approach proves suitable for the characterisation of aquifers, especially by estimating Vp/Vs or Poisson's ratio. The evaluation of these ratios can be systematically carried out with seismic refraction tomography using both P- and S-waves. However, retrieving Vs remains practically delicate because S-waves are usually difficult to generate and identify on seismic records. As an alternative, indirect estimation of Vs is commonly achieved thanks to surface-wave dispersion inversion, carried out from measurements of surface waves phase velocities contained in typical seismic records. Although it is usually proposed for the characterisation of 1D media, surface-wave prospecting can be deployed along linear sections in order to build 2D models of Vs distribution in the ground. A specific methodology has been developed for the combined and optimised exploitation of P- and surface waves present on single seismic records. When deployed on the field, this "P-wave" acquisition has been systematically followed by a "SH-wave" acquisition in order to compare Vs models obtained from surface-wave dispersion analysis and SH-wave refraction tomography. The use of this methodology in several geological and hydrogeological contexts allowed for estimating Vp/Vs ratio lateral and temporal variations in good agreement with a priori geological information and existing geophysical and piezometric data. Laser-based ultrasonic techniques were also proposed to put these processing techniques in practice on perfectly controlled physical models and study elastic wave propagation in partially saturated porous media.

This work deals with customer loyalty and loyalty programmes in areas of buying chemist goods, clothing, footwear and groceries. The main objective of this work is to compare the approach of English and Czech customers to loyalty programmes in these areas. The intention of the analysis is to discover whether the approach to loyalty programmes in these two countries varies and what are the major differences. Does using a loyalty programme really affect customer loyalty? Who are more loyal, Czech or English customers? The aim is also to find out how customers use their loyalty programs, what kind of rewards are the most attractive for them and what personal information are they willing to provide when they sign up for loyalty programmes. The analysis also aims to pose these same questions to multi-brand partnership programmes and also mobile applications. This work can therefore benefit companies operating in both Czech and English markets to adapt their loyalty programs to be most effective.

Gods, Have Merced! chronicles the struggle of Jose Merced, a Santeria priest, with the city of Euless, Texas, where he has been residing for 17 years in an effort to overrule an ordinance that bans the most critical element of his faith: animal sacrifice. As the city officials justify the ban on the basis of public health, Merced thinks he is merely a victim of selective code enforcement aimed a restricting his freedom of religion. Local and national media covered the lawsuit he filed against the City of Euless, and Merced seems ready to take the fight over animal sacrifice to the United States Supreme Court. He wants American justice to give his African-originated religion recognized in a city where people seem uneasy about a practice that brings back the historic fears of Voodoo and its popularly assumed malefic practices. The film explores the complex structure of Santeria, its African roots, its renaissance in the Americas and the very controversial issue of animal sacrifice in the US.