O desenvolvimento de sistemas com eficácia, eficiência e satisfação dos usuários tem feito com que a usabilidade se torne uma característica importante na avaliação de qualidade de um produto de software. A análise da interação do usuário com o sistema é uma das formas de mensurar essa característica. Novas tecnologias permitem a criação de sistemas com foco na qualidade de interação do usuário, com grande parte do processamento ocorrendo no lado cliente, como as Aplicações Internet Ricas ou simplesmente RIAs, de Rich Internet Applications. No entanto, os dados de interação do usuário armazenados no servidor web são insuficientes para extrair conhecimento útil sobre a qualidade da interação. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para avaliação automática de usabilidade através da aplicação de clustering e métricas na análise de log de RIAs. A abordagem proposta utiliza a Web Application Usage Tracking Tool, WAUTT, para capturar a interação do usuário e o algoritmo X-Means para realizar o agrupamento dos dados. O resultado da avaliação automática emprega métricas que fornecem informação quantitativa a respeito da usabilidade de sistemas web e que poderão ser utilizadas pelo avaliador para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. As informações obtidas com as métricas foram comparadas a um método de avaliação tradicional, a avaliação heurística, para corroborar os resultados obtidos pela abordagem proposta. O clustering foi uma técnica útil para reduzir o volume de dados e permitira ao avaliador concentrar os seus esforços em determinados grupos de usuários com comportamentos semelhantes. A aplicação de métricas aos clusters permitiu realizar uma avaliação de usabilidade quantitativa para auxiliar a tomada de decisão em relação a algumas das subcaracterísticas de usabilidade. A avaliação automática de usabilidade realizada tem potencial para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de sistemas web. / The development of systems with effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction has made that usability become an important feature in quality assessment of software products. The analysis of user interaction data with the system is one way to measure this feature. New technologies allow the creation of systems with focus on quality of user interaction and a large part of the processing occurs on the client side, as Rich Internet Applications, from RIAs for short. However, user interaction data stored on the webserver are insufficient to extract useful knowledge about the quality of interaction. This dissertation presents an approach for automatic usability evaluation by applying clustering and metrics in log analysis of RIAs. The proposed approach uses the Web Application Usage Tracking Tool, WAUTT, to capture user interaction and the X-means algorithm to perform clustering. The result of the automatic evaluation applies metrics that provide quantitative information about the usability of web systems and may be used to assist evaluators in making decisions. Information obtained from metrics were compared to a traditional evaluation method, heuristic evaluation, to corroborate the results obtained by the proposed approach. Clustering was a useful technique to reduce the volume of data and allowed the evaluator focus their efforts on certain groups of users with similar behaviors. The application of metrics enabled perform a quantitative usability evaluation to assist the decision making process about some usability subcharacteristics. The automatic usability evaluation conducted as the proposed approach has the potential to assist in developing web systems.

Orientador: Maria Cecilia Calani Baranauskas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana_VagnerFigueredode_M.pdf: 2835539 bytes, checksum: 149ac7bb2551364be7b8fa6426decaad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A Web conta com dezenas de milhões de websites, mas poucos deles estão em conformidade com requisitos simples de acessibilidade, como utilizar tamanhos relativos ou descrever elementos gráficos, o que pode indicar problemas de design de Interface de Usuário (IU). Para se identificar este tipo de problema utiliza-se avaliação do código de websites. No entanto, outros problemas surgem apenas durante a interação do usuário com a IU. Sem considerar dados resultantes do uso, problemas de usabilidade e/ou barreiras de acessibilidade podem permanecer desconhecidos. Portanto, identificar como usuários interagem com IUs e uma forma de detectar problemas de design e descobrir maneiras de utilização diferentes das previstas durante o projeto de IU. Entre as maneiras de capturar a interação do usuário com IUs estão a utilização de vídeos, captura dos movimentos dos olhos do usuário, etc. Na Web, alguns métodos são menos indicados que outros devido à necessidade de utilização de componentes específicos de hardware e/ou software, o que pode reduzir a participação do publico alvo e reduzir a representatividade de uma avaliação. Para se conhecer como usuários utilizam a IU na Web, e possível utilizar logs capturados no lado do servidor e no lado do cliente. Este ultimo e o que possibilita a obtenção de mais detalhes e, consequentemente, reconstrução das ações do usuário em maior granularidade do que apenas identificar quais paginas o usuário visitou. Assim, pequenas diferenças durante a interação podem ser identificadas e, consequentemente, auxiliar especialistas na identificação de padrões de utilização e possíveis problemas de design. Dado o volume de dados resultante da captura de eventos no lado do cliente, a utilização de ferramentas automáticas se faz necessária, seja para captura ou para extração de informações dos logs. Este trabalho apresenta requisitos para ferramentas de avaliação de websites baseadas em logs de eventos. Ainda, com base nestes requisitos, define um modelo de captura assíncrona de eventos para auxiliar desenvolvedores de ferramentas de avaliação de websites. Assim, requisitos e modelo de captura constituem um ponto de partida para desenvolvedores que desejam capturar logs de eventos disparados no dispositivo utilizado pelo cliente, apoiando a captura de dados de utilização real. Outra contribuição apresentada é a especificação de um modelo para identificar padrões de utilização da Web mediada por tecnologias assistivas. A implementação deste modelo demonstra a viabilidade de se capturar dados durante a utilização real, envolvendo usuários de tecnologias assistivas, em seus ambientes cotidianos de utilização da Web. Um grafo de utilização resulta desse modelo. Ele é composto por fluxos de uso e caminhos mais comuns de uma pagina avaliada, assim como representações visuais de diferenças significativas nesses fluxos. O modelo também propõe uma técnica de como indicar possíveis problemas de design nas paginas Web avaliadas, auxiliando na tarefa de avaliar websites, tendo como foco principal a identificação de padrões de utilização de usuários de tecnologias assistivas. / Abstract: The Web has millions of websites, but few of them are in accordance with simple accessibility requirements such as the use of relative sizes or description of graphic elements, that can represent User Interface (UI) design problems. To identify this kind of problem the data source usually used is the Web page's code. However, other problems may appear only when the user interacts with the UI. Moreover, without considering usage data, usability problems and/or accessibility barriers can stay unknown. Thus, identifying how users interact with UIs is a way of detecting design problems and discovering uses different from the ones defined during the UI Project phase. There are different approaches to capturing user interaction with UIs as video capture, users' eyes movements, etc. In the Web, some methods are less appropriated than others due to the need for using specific components of hardware and/or software, which can reduce the participation of the target audience and reduce how meaningful an evaluation is. To know how users use the UI in the Web, it is possible to use logs captured at serverside and at client-side. The data that can be captured at client-side allows obtaining more details and, consequently, rebuild user's actions in a greater granularity than the identification of the pages that a user had visited. Then, small differences during the interaction can be identified and may help specialists in the task of identifying usage patterns and possible design problems. Due to the amount of data resulted from the event capture at client-side, the use of automatic tools became necessary for the capture or the extraction of information from logs. This work presents requirements for website evaluation tools based on event logs. In addition, according to these requirements, defines an asynchronous event capture model to help developers of website evaluation tools. Therefore, requirements and capture model represent a starting point for projects involving the development of tools to capture event logs triggered at client's device, supporting the data capture during real use. Other contribution is the specification of a model to identify patterns of Web usage mediated by assistive technologies. The development of this model shows the viability of capturing data during real use, involving assistive technology users, in their common use environment. A usage graph results from the model. It is constituted by usage flows and common walks of an evaluated Web page, as well as the visual representation of significant differences in these flows. The model also proposes a technique for identifying possible design problems in evaluated Web pages, helping in the task of evaluating Web pages, aiming at the identification of usage patterns of assistive technology users. / Mestrado / Avaliação de interfaces de usuario / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Orientador: Maria Cecilia Calani Baranauskas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_AmandaMeincke_D.pdf: 12878449 bytes, checksum: 4dab13a2aea5524c8fb969380e33374c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Acessibilidade é um requisito contemporâneo à qualidade no uso de sistemas interativos. O World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), há anos, fomenta discussões em torno do conceito de acessibilidade e propõe recomendações para a criação de conteúdo web-acessível, de ferramentas de autoria e de navegadores que promovam a acessibilidade do conteúdo da web. Embora as recomendações de acessibilidade do W3C sejam necessárias ao conhecimento de design acessível na web, entendemos também ser essencial promover o desenvolvimento de soluções sóciotécnicas com participação do usuário final no processo de design, incluindo pessoas com deficiência, e abordar o reconhecimento e respeito às diferenças na educação de designers. Existem métodos, técnicas, recomendações, tecnologias e ferramentas para apoiar o design e a avaliação de páginas web que sejam acessíveis aos seus usuários; entretanto, não encontramos na literatura processos de design de sistemas de informação na web que considerem amplamente e abordem explicitamente as diferenças entre as pessoas e as atividades que realizam em ambientes sociais inclusivos. Torna-se cada vez mais necessário criar estratégias para abordar inclusão e acessibilidade tanto no produto de software quanto em seu processo de design. As diferenças físicas, sensoriais e cognitivas do usuário, entre outras, também precisam ser reconhecidas e consideradas no processo de design para que se consiga configurar ambientes nos quais a participação das partes interessadas seja genuína. O objetivo central desta pesquisa é investigar e propor mecanismos para o design de sistemas web que atendam às demandas atuais de configuração de uma sociedade mais flexível e aberta às diferenças, denominada sociedade inclusiva. Também é objetivo investigar e compreender como a Semiótica Organizacional e o Design Participativo, juntos, podem agregar valor ao design de sistemas de informação adequados aos interesses e às necessidades de uma sociedade inclusiva. Do ponto de vista conceitual, as principais contribuições desta tese envolvem a proposição de princípios relacionados ao design inclusivo de sistemas de informação na web e de técnicas de design participativo, alinhadas a esses princípios. Do ponto de vista prático, são contribuições as transformações decorrentes do estudo de casos nos respectivos contextos, a organização, a divulgação e a disseminação de boas práticas em design inclusivo para a web / Abstract: Accessibility is a contemporary requirement to the quality in use of interactive systems. The World Wide Web Consortium has been fomenting discussions regarding accessibility, and proposes guidelines to the development of web-accessible content, authoring tools and user agents that promotes accessibility on the web content. Although the W3C accessibility guidelines are necessary to enhance the knowledge about web accessible design, it is also essential to promote the development of socio-technical solutions with the end user participation during the overall design process, including people with disability, and approach acknowledge and respect the differences in the designers¿ education. There are methods, techniques, guidelines, technologies and tools to support the design and evaluation of web pages accessible to their users; nevertheless, we didn¿t find in literature web information systems design process which widely considers and explicitly deals with the differences among people and their activities in inclusive social environments. It is more and more necessary to create strategies to approach inclusion and accessibility in both software product and design process. The physical, sensorial and cognitive differences of users, among others, shall also be acknowledge and considered in the design process to configure environments in which the stakeholders¿ participation is genuine. This research aims at investigating and proposing mechanisms to the design of web systems which respond to the contemporary demands in configuring a more flexible society, open to the differences, known as an inclusive society. It is also an objective to investigate and understand how Organizational Semiotic and Participatory Design, together, aggregate value to the design of information systems adequate to the interests and the needs of an inclusive society. From the conceptual perspective, the main contributions of this thesis are the proposition of principles related to the design of inclusive web information systems, and some participatory design techniques aligned to these principles. From the practical perspective, the changes resulted from the cases studied in each context, as well as the organization, the publication and dissemination of best practices in inclusive design for the web / Doutorado / Metodologia e Tecnicas da Computação / Doutor em Ciência da Computação

Detta examensarbete kommer att behandla hur man kan skapa en webbplats med tillhörande spel med hjälp av PHP-ramverket CodeIgniter. Rapporten tar upp hur detta ramverk fungerar och hur applikationer i ramverket kan göras säkra. Läsaren kommer att få veta mer om vilka HTML-standarder man kan använda för webbplatser och om den programmeringsmetod, MVC-principen, som CodeIgniter använder sig av. Kortfattat tar rapporten upp teknisk webbutveckling och programmeringen bakom densamma. / This thesis will examine how to create a web site with a game, based on the PHP-framework CodeIgniter. The report explains how this framework works and how you can make secure applications by using the framework. The reader will also get to know more about the HTML-standards possible to use for web sites and about the programming method, the MVC-principle, CodeIgniter is using. In short, the report explains technical web development and the programming behind it. / Kontakt med författaren kan ske via dennes webbplats, http://www.bjornlarsson.se/.Detta verk är licensierat under en Creative Commons Erkännande-IckeKommersiell 2.5 Sverige Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/se/).

This paper is focusing on the data mining solutions for the WWW, specifically how it can be used for the hyperlinks evaluation. We are focusing on the hyperlinks used in the web sites systems and on the problem which consider evaluation of its utility. Since hyperlinks reflect relation to other webpage one can expect that there exist way to verify if users follow desired navigation paths. The Challenge is to use available techniques to discover usage behavior patterns and interpret them. We have evaluated hyperlinks of the selected pages from www.bth.se web site. By using web expert’s help the usefulness of the data mining as the assessment basis was validated. The outcome of the research shows that data mining gives decision support for the changes in the web site navigational structure. / akasha.kate@gmail.com

This dissertation reports on an action research project that guided the development of the Goudmyn (www.onnet.up.ac.za), a web-based information resource for Afrikaans language teachers. The information needs and utilisation of information resources by 78 Afrikaans First Language teachers were determined by means of a questionnaire and focus group discussions. The quality of the Goudmyn as information resource for and Afrikaans teachers' utilisation thereof were formally assessed. From the data it is evident that Afrikaans language teachers do not utilise the Internet as an information resource to a high degree. Nevertheless, statistics of visits to the Goudmyn indicate that the resource is being utilised increasingly. Reasons for low levels of Internet utilisation by the respondents include the following: a lack of Internet access, time, training, relevant information, awareness of resources and integration of ICT skills into the curriculum. The study found that a web site such as the Goudmyn has the potential to play a central role in supporting Afrikaans language teachers, if the teachers are trained and made aware of the use and applications of the Internet for teaching purposes. / Thesis (MA (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Information Science / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document A CD containing, A Program in Interior Design, accompanies the paper copy of this dissertation. It can be consulted in the Unit for Special Collections in the Merensky Library on the main campus of the University of Pretoria / Dissertation (MA (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Information Science / unrestricted

Web portals are considered “gateways” to the World Wide Web. These portals are becoming very popular entry points to the Web by offering important services such as email, news, weather reports, course notes and general information. In addition, some portal sites allow users the option of customising the site according to their personal interests. However, disabled and elderly people encounter many accessibility and usability barriers while accessing web portals. A preliminary review of a university portal was conducted to identify some of these accessibility problems. This treatise presents an overview of the processes to be followed when conducting an accessibility and usability evaluation. In addition, it mentions some guidelines to be considered when specifically designing portals for use by many different users from varying backgrounds.

The number of citizens, who access e-Government websites, is growing significantly and their expectations for additional services are increasing. The Internet has become an essential instrument to distribute information to citizens. Poorly designed websites, however, can divide governments and its citizens. Consensus amongst researchers is that user experience (UX) is an important factor in designing websites specifically e-Government websites. Problems, experienced with website usability, prevent people from accessing and eventually adopting technology, such as e-Government. Countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, have shown increased support for UX in e-Government websites. At present, a number of guidelines and design principles exists for e-Government website UX design; however, the effectiveness of the implementation of these guidelines and principles depends on the profiles of the individuals on a website development team and on an organisation’s understanding of UX. Despite the highlighted importance of UX, guidelines and principles are rarely adopted in South African e-Government websites. Usability and UX guidelines cannot be implemented; if there is no executive support; an inadequately trained staff; no routine UX practice; insufficient budget; inefficient use of usability methodologies and user-centred design (UCD) processes. The challenge at present in the UX design field is the institutionalisation of UX, specifically at government level. The goal of this research was to propose and evaluate a methodology to institutionalise UX in South African Provincial Governments (PGs), named the “Institutionalise UX in Government (IUXG) methodology”. The research used the Western Cape Government (WCG) in South Africa as a case study to evaluate the proposed methodology to institutionalise UX in a South African PG. The IUXG methodology (1.0) was proposed from five UX methodologies, as well as from best practices found in literature. The IUXG methodology (1.1) was updated, based on results of a survey to South African PGs, a survey to WCG employees, as well as literature from the WCG. The IUXG methodology (2.0) was updated a final time, based on the case study results and on a confirmation survey with WCG employees after the implementation of the case study. The research study made use of three surveys during this research. The first survey, incorporating UX maturity models, confirmed that understanding and buy-in of UX are limited and that UX maturity levels are low at South African PG level. The second and third surveys were administered to WCG e-Government website officials before and after the implementation of the IUXG methodology. The surveys measured the UX maturity level of the WCG in the component, e-Government for Citizens (e-G4C), responsible for the WCG e-Government website. The final survey results demonstrated that, after the implementation of the IUXG methodology, the WCG improved its level of UX maturity on the identified UX maturity models. Implementation of the IUXG methodology institutionalised UX in the WCG. UX activities became standard practice in the e-Government website environment after the systems development lifecycle (SDLC) incorporated UCD. UX policy, strategy and guidelines were documented for the WCG e-Government website. The WCG constructed the first usability testing facility for a South African PG and improvements to the WCG e-Government website were implemented. The proposed IUXG methodology institutionalised UX in the WCG e-Government website environment. This research is a major contribution, to addressing the current lack of UX practices in South African PGs. South African PGs can use the proposed IUXG methodology to institutionalise UX and it will assist PG officials to develop increased UX maturity levels. The advantage of the IUXG methodology is that it provides PG officials with a step-by-step method how to institutionalise UX in a PG by following the six phases of the IUXG methodology: startup, setup, organisation, method, standards and long-term. The IUXG methodology will assist South African PGs to establish UX practice as a norm. The IUXG methodology will assist PGs with the resources, methods and tools to enable them to implement UX guidelines, which will result in an improved, more usable and more user-centric PG e-Government website.

Full Tenis Perú nace en la Universidad de Lima en el curso de Proyecto de Especialidad el cual les permite a los alumnos llevar a cabo algún proyecto que tengan en mente, además de asesoramiento en el proceso a realizar. Nos dimos cuenta que la situación del tenis necesitaba apoyo. La idea nace con el propósito de crear una web integral ya que existía la carencia de una plataforma que esté al alcance de todos y sea completa; que incluya contenido tanto de tenis nacional como internacional, que brinde todo tipo de consejos relacionados a este deporte, información sobre academias nacionales y, sobre todo, que reconozca a los tenistas más destacados para así brindarles apoyo, darles valor y de cierta manera promover este deporte. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional