CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O propÃsito desta tese à obter teoremas de caracterizaÃÃo de hipersuperfÃcies tipo-espaÃo completas isometricamente imersas num ambiente semi-Riemanniano mediante alguma restriÃÃo sobre a aplicaÃÃo de gauss ou sobre as r-curvaturas mÃdias destes objetos. Iniciamos nosso trabalho dando condiÃÃes necessÃrias para garantir a umbilicidade de hipersuperfÃcies imersas no espaÃo hiperbÃlico Hn+1 com aplicaÃÃo de Gauss prescrita. Em seguida, obtemos alguns resultados de unicidade de hipersuperfÃcies completas com curvaturas de ordem superior limitadas num ambiente do tipo et x et Mn supondo uma restriÃÃo apropriada sobre o Ãngulo normal da hipersuperfÃcie em questÃo. Na Ãltima parte deste trabalho, obtemos resultados tipo-Bernstein considerando grÃficos verticais completos com curvatura mÃdia constante imersos num produto warped Riemanniano I xf Mn onde supomos uma conhecida condiÃÃo de convergÃncia sobre a curvatura seccional da fibra Mn. / The purpose of this thesis is to obtain characterization theorems of complete spacelike hypersurfaces isometrically immersed in a semi-Riemannian ambient space under some restrictions on the Gauss mapping or about the r-mean curvatures of these objects. We start our work by providing necessary conditions to ensure the umbilicity of immersed hypersurfaces in the hyperbolic space Hn+1 with prescribed Gauss mapping. Next, we obtain some uniqueness results of complete hypersurfaces with bounded higher order mean curvatures in a space ER x et Mn where we suppose an appropriate condition on the normal angle of the hypersurface. In the last part of this work, we obtain Bernstein-type results concerning to complete vertical graphs with constant mean curvature immersed in a Riemannian warped product I x f Mn, where we suppose a well know convergence condition on the sectional curvature of the fibre Mn.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T19:38:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aderval Alves dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1809483 bytes, checksum: 2d02135104ab475d9fa74b9e024f978b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-23T11:06:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aderval Alves dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1809483 bytes, checksum: 2d02135104ab475d9fa74b9e024f978b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T11:06:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aderval Alves dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1809483 bytes, checksum: 2d02135104ab475d9fa74b9e024f978b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work, based on the articles M. Brozos Vazquez, E. Garcia-Rio and R. Vazquez- Lorenzo whose goal is to build examples of manifolds locally conformally flat full of negative curvature through warped product and multiply warped product structure. The warped product was first introduced by Bishop and O’Neill, who modified the structure of the Riemannian product in obtaining new manifolds of negative curvature. / Este trabalho, baseado no artigo de M. Brozos-Vázquez, E. Garcia-Río e R. Vázquez- Lorenzo, tem como objetivo construir exemplos de variedades localmente conformemente flat completas de curvatura negativa por meio de produto torcido e estrutura de produto torcido mútiplo. Os produtos torcidos foram introduzidos primeiramente por Bishop e O’Neill, que modificaram a estrutura do produto Riemanniano na obtenção de novas variedades de curvatura negativa.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T14:42:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) h-Quase Sóliton de Ricci.pdf: 40561599 bytes, checksum: 88a9a69eec01fab6046ed43b9b7d63b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T14:42:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) h-Quase Sóliton de Ricci.pdf: 40561599 bytes, checksum: 88a9a69eec01fab6046ed43b9b7d63b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T14:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) h-Quase Sóliton de Ricci.pdf: 40561599 bytes, checksum: 88a9a69eec01fab6046ed43b9b7d63b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we study the concept h-almost Ricci soliton introduced by Gomes-Wang-Xia which extends naturally the almost Ricci soliton studied by Pigola et al. In this setting, we show that a compact nontrivial h-almost Ricci soliton of dimension no less than three with h positive (or negative) and constant scalar curvature is isometric to a standard sphere with well defined potential function. Latter on, we also consider h-Ricci soliton which is a particular case of the h-almost Ricci soliton and a generalization of the traditional Ricci soliton. We prove that a particular case of compact gra-dient h-Ricci soliton steady or expanding, is trivial. Moreover, we give a characterization for a special class of gradient h-Ricci solitons. / Neste trabalho vamos estudar o conceito de h-quase sólitons de Ricci introduzido por Gomes-Wang-Xia o qual é uma extensão natural dos quase sólitons de Ricci estudados por Pigola et al. Com esta configuração, vamos mostrar que um h-quase sóliton de Ricci compacto de curvatura escalar constante não-trivial de dimensão maior ou igual a três e li possuindo sinal definido é isométrico a uma esfera euclidiana com função potencial explicita-mente definida. Logo após, também vamos considerar h-sólitons de Ricci os quais são casos particulares dos h-quase sólitons de Ricci e uma generalização dos tradicionais sólitons de Ricci. Vamos provar que um caso particular de h-sóliton de Ricci gradiente compacto estacionário ou expansivo, é trivial. Além disso, exibiremos uma caracterização para uma classe especial de h-sólitons de Ricci gradiente.

Pattern speed is an important parameter of the density wave theory for spiral galaxies. In this thesis we have determined the pattern speed for warped galaxies (flat galaxies being a special case of this generalization) using the observable data of the surface brightness and line-of-sight velocity distribution of the galaxy. We have also extracted the transverse velocity field for the warped galaxy using the same data. Here we have simulated the data and applied our method to it and we found that our method works well in warped galaxy. We assume a parameterized model of the warp and by the method of minimizing χ2 error we can determine the parameters of the model also and thus we can construct the warp equation. We have also discussed the implications and the limitations of this method.

Methods used for correction and modeling of frequency response of sound devices are discussed in this paper. Besides classic methods of digital filter design, more advanced and complex numerial methods are reviewed, Prony and Steiglitz-McBride in particular. This paper focuses on structure utilizing parallel sections of second-order IIR filters. Methods for calculating coefficients of this structure are presented and later implemented. For selected method, utilizing dual frequency warping, an interative algorithm for automatic calculation of parameters necessary to filter design is implemented - so called Particle Swarm Optimization. Six ways of evaluation filter design precision are presented and the results are compared. Functions realizing filter design are implemented in C++, MATLAB and Python. A VST module simulating the filter in real time is also provided.

Le suivi de partition est défini comme étant la synchronisation sur ordinateur entre une partition musicale connue et le signal sonore de l'interprète de cette partition. Dans le cas particulier de la voix chantée, il y a encore place à l'amélioration des algorithmes existants, surtout pour le suivi de partition en temps réel. L'objectif de ce projet est donc d'arriver à mettre en oeuvre un logiciel suiveur de partition robuste et en temps-réel utilisant le signal numérisé de voix chantée et le texte des chansons. Le logiciel proposé utilise à la fois plusieurs caractéristiques de la voix chantée (énergie, correspondance avec les voyelles et nombre de passages par zéro du signal) et les met en correspondance avec la partition musicale en format MusicXML. Ces caractéristiques, extraites pour chaque trame, sont alignées aux unités phonétiques de la partition. En parallèle avec cet alignement à court terme, le système ajoute un deuxième niveau d'estimation plus fiable sur la position en associant une segmentation du signal en blocs de chant à des sections chantées en continu dans la partition. La performance du système est évaluée en présentant les alignements obtenus en différé sur 3 extraits de chansons interprétés par 2 personnes différentes, un homme et une femme, en anglais et en français.

In this thesis we introduce a notion of graphs approximating actions of finitely generated groups on metric and measure spaces. We systematically investigate expansion properties of said graphs and we prove that a sequence of graphs approximating a fixed action ρ forms a family of expanders if and only if ρ is expanding in measure. This enables us to rely on a number of known results to construct numerous new families of expander (and superexpander) graphs. Proceeding in our investigation, we show that the graphs approximating an action are uniformly quasi-isometric to the level sets of the associated warped cone. The existence of such a relation between approximating graphs and warped cones has twofold advantages: on the one hand it implies that warped cones arising from actions that are expanding in measure coarsely contain families of expanders, on the other hand it provides a geometric model for the approximating graphs allowing us to study the geometry of the expander thus obtained. The rest of the work is devoted to the study of the coarse geometry of warped cones (and approximating graphs). We do so in order to prove rigidity results which allow us to prove that our construction is flexible enough to produce a number of non coarsely equivalent new families of expanders. As a by-product, we also show that some of these expanders enjoy some rather peculiar geometric properties, e.g. we can construct expanders that are coarsely simply connected.

Watson and Crick’s double-helical model of DNA is considered to be one of the great discoveries in biology. However, in 1976, two groups of scientists, one in New Zealand, the other in India, independently published essentially the same radical alternative to the double helix. The alternative, Side-By-Side (SBS) or ‘warped zipper’ conformation for DNA is not helical. Rather than intertwine, as do Watson and Crick’s helices, its two exoskeletal strands are topologically independent. Thus, unlike the double helix, they may separated during replication without unwinding. This dissertation presents, but does not arbitrate among scientific arguments. Its concerns are meta-scientific; in particular, why and how the individuals who invented the & ‘warped zipper’ came to do so. Against Popper and most recent philosophers of science, it is taken to be “the business of epistemology to produce what has been called a ‘rational reconstruction’ of the steps that have led the scientist to a discovery [Popper (1972), p.31, emphasis in the original].” On the received view, the invention of the ‘warped zipper’ must be irrational or, at best, non-rational thereby excluding from philosophical investigation. I establish that this philosophical dogma is not true a priori, as is usually supposed, and, in the case of the SBS structure of DNA, false a posteriori. The motivation for, and development of the SBS structure for DNA reveals a process best characterized as significantly, though not entirely, rational.

Watson and Crick’s double-helical model of DNA is considered to be one of the great discoveries in biology. However, in 1976, two groups of scientists, one in New Zealand, the other in India, independently published essentially the same radical alternative to the double helix. The alternative, Side-By-Side (SBS) or ‘warped zipper’ conformation for DNA is not helical. Rather than intertwine, as do Watson and Crick’s helices, its two exoskeletal strands are topologically independent. Thus, unlike the double helix, they may separated during replication without unwinding. This dissertation presents, but does not arbitrate among scientific arguments. Its concerns are meta-scientific; in particular, why and how the individuals who invented the & ‘warped zipper’ came to do so. Against Popper and most recent philosophers of science, it is taken to be “the business of epistemology to produce what has been called a ‘rational reconstruction’ of the steps that have led the scientist to a discovery [Popper (1972), p.31, emphasis in the original].” On the received view, the invention of the ‘warped zipper’ must be irrational or, at best, non-rational thereby excluding from philosophical investigation. I establish that this philosophical dogma is not true a priori, as is usually supposed, and, in the case of the SBS structure of DNA, false a posteriori. The motivation for, and development of the SBS structure for DNA reveals a process best characterized as significantly, though not entirely, rational.

Digital audio is increasingly becoming more and more a part of our daily lives. Unfortunately, the excessive bitrate associated with the raw digital signal makes it an extremely expensive representation. Applications such as digital audio broadcasting, high definition television, and internet audio, require high quality audio at low bitrates. The field of audio coding addresses this important issue of reducing the bitrate of digital audio, while maintaining a high perceptual quality. Developing an efficient audio coder requires a detailed analysis of the audio signals themselves. It is important to find a representation that can concisely model any general audio signal. In this thesis, we propose two new high quality audio coders based on two different audio representations - the sinusoidal-wavelet representation, and the warped linear predictive coding (WLPC)-wavelet representation. In addition to high quality coding, it is also important for audio coders to be flexible in their application. With the increasing popularity of internet audio, it is advantageous for audio coders to address issues related to real-time audio delivery. The issue of bitstream scalability has been targeted in this thesis, and therefore, a third audio coder capable of bitstream scalability is also proposed. The performance of each of the proposed coders was evaluated by comparisons with the MPEG layer III coder. The first coder proposed is based on a hybrid sinusoidal-wavelet representation. This assumes that each frame of audio can be modelled as a sum of sinusoids plus a noisy residual. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the residual into subbands that approximate the critical bands of human hearing. A perceptually derived bit allocation algorithm is then used to minimise the audible distortions introduced from quantising the DWT coefficients. Listening tests showed that the coder delivers near-transparent quality for a range of critical audio signals at G4 kbps. It also outperforms the MPEG layer III coder operating at this same bitrate. This coder, however, is only useful for high quality coding, and is difficult to scale to operate at lower rates. The second coder proposed is based on a hybrid WLPC-wavelet representation. In this approach, the spectrum of the audio signal is estimated by an all pole filter using warped linear prediction (WLP). WLP operates on a warped frequency domain, where the resolution can be adjusted to approximate that of the human auditory system. This makes the inherent noise shaping of the synthesis filter even more suited to audio coding. The excitation to this filter is transformed using the DWT and perceptually encoded. Listening tests showed that near-transparent coding is achieved at G4 kbps. The coder was also found to be slightly superior to the MPEG layer III coder operating at this same bitrate. The third proposed coder is similar to the previous WLPC-wavelet coder, but modified to achieve bitstream scalability. A noise model for high frequency components is included to keep the overall bitrate low, and a two stage quantisation scheme for the DWT coefficients is implemented. The first stage uses fixed rate scalar and vector quantisation to provide a coarse approximation of the coefficients. This allows for low bitrate, low quality versions of the input signal to be embedded in the overall bitstream. The second stage of quantisation adds detail to the coefficients, and hence, enhances the quality of the output signal. Listening tests showed that signal quality gracefully improves as the bitrate increases from 16 kbps to SO kbps. This coder has a performance that is comparable to the MPEG layer III coder operating at a similar (but fixed) bitrate.