This thesis develops a pragmatic theory of metaphors and slurs. In the pragmatic literature, theorists mostly hold the view that the framework developed by Grice is only applicable to the sentence-level pragmatic phenomena, whereas the subsentential pragmatic phenomena require a different approach. In this thesis, I argue against this view and claim that the Gricean framework, after some plausible revisions, can explain subsentential pragmatic phenomena, such as metaphors and slurs. In the first chapter, I introduce three basic theses I will defend and give an outline of the argument I will develop. The second chapter discusses three claims on metaphor that are widely discussed in the literature. There I state my aim to present a theory of metaphor which can accommodate these three claims. Chapter 3 introduces the notion of "phrasal implicature", which will be used to explain phrase-level pragmatic phenomena with a Gricean approach. In Chapter 4, I present my theory of metaphor, which I call "phrasal implicature theory of metaphor" and discuss certain aspects of the theory. The notion of phrasal implicature enables a new conception of what-is-said and a different approach to the semantics-pragmatics distinction. Chapter 5 looks into these issues. In Chapter 6, I compare my theory of metaphor with three other theories. Finally, in Chapter 7, I develop a phrasal implicature theory of slurs, which I argue outperforms its rivals in explaining various uses of slurs.

The dissertation explores factors influencing consumers' payments in anonymous Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing contexts. Consumers often pay more than zero when given the opportunity to self-determine payments. However, most PWYW research has focused on contexts where the possibility of social influence from a salesperson or clerk is present. I suggest that in anonymous exchange contexts where social pressure does not exist, consumers will nevertheless make voluntary payments greater than zero. The present research explores PWYW in anonymous purchase contexts. Results from eight studies indicate that PWYW payment amounts are affected by heuristics and biases. In Essay 1, the influence of reference price on PWYW payments is explored. Firm-provided external reference prices (ERPs) framed as injunctive norms (e.g., suggested price) and descriptive norms (e.g., average payment) caused anchoring effects on voluntary payments such that those with higher ERPs reported higher payments. Further, ERPs framed as descriptive (vs. injunctive) norms were more predictive of payment amounts, but only when the ERP is high. Recalling internal reference price information is more effortful than simply reacting to a firm-provided price. The possibility that decreased cognitive processing results in higher payments, violating the concept of self-interest primacy, is explored in Essay 2. Four studies manipulate processing styles and demonstrate that when consumers use more effortful cognitive processing, they tend to make lower PWYW payments. These results suggest that consumers are likely to rely on a normal price heuristic when using more superficial processing. The dissertation demonstrates the importance of reference price information and cognitive processing styles when voluntary anonymous payments are made anonymously. PWYW decisions are influenced by the exchange context and how the information is cognitively processed. At a theoretical level, the findings demonstrate that consumers make voluntary payments in the absence of social pressure and that those payments can be predictably influenced by features in the exchange setting. Finally, the research suggests that consumers who exert less cognitive effort in PWYW situations make higher payments. It therefore appears that the first instinct is not to act self-interestedly by making little or no payments, but rather payments seem to be guided by heuristic-based decision making. / 2016-09-29

The thesis deals with the design and implementation of Business Intelligence solution for evaluation of cash flow in organization. In the theoretical part, author introduces the reader with theoretical knowledge of Business Intelligence, cash flow and analysis of enterprise information system Helios Green. In the practical part is description of the design and implementation of data warehouse and ana-lytic database. In the part of implementation is explained strategic planning of cash flow, enabled using writeback to the data warehouse. Next chapter is about building financial reports. Thesis is finished by evaluating of the solution in terms of its benefits in comparison with the previous situation.

VASCONCELOS JÚNIOR, José Wilson; MACIEL, Mirtes Mirian Amorim. Como alguém se torna o que é: ecce homo e a auto-realização, segundo Nietzsche. 2008. 128f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2008. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T15:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-23T14:55:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-23T14:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Nesta dissertação objetiva-se analisar a realização humana segundo a perspectiva do filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Considera-se, para tanto, o processo vital circunscrito pelo subtítulo dado à autobiografia: “como alguém se torna o que é”. Privilegiando os temas tratados em Ecce Homo, intermedeiam-se as discussões com o cotejamento daqueles assuntos abordados por outras obras do Filósofo. Tornar-se o que se é constitui não apenas um cume perseguido, mas igualmente uma sobredeterminação inapelável para a filosofia de Nietzsche. Nesse caminho, ele valorizou, contra a tradição filosófica e religiosa, o cultivo de si e o amor de si como propiciadores do grande e fecundo egoísmo. Apontou para a superação de tudo aquilo que amesquinha e enfraquece o homem, elogiando o que fortalece e plenifica a vida compreendida por ele como vontade de poder em expansão. O cultivo da grande individualidade surge como contraposição, nessa filosofia, à massificação do homem pelas forças gregárias que arrebanham os “seres supérfluos” em igrejas, povos e estados. Percorrem-se, então, as ponderações de Nietzsche sobre o que ele nomeou de “casuística do egoísmo”, sua pretensa extemporaneidade, bem como se delimita aquilo designado pelo Filósofo como die Wohlgeratenheit, “a vida que vingou”. São trabalhadas, a seguir, as relações dessa vida bem lograda com as teses de Nietzsche sobre a razão, a subjetividade, o cultivo de si mediante a disciplina do guerreiro — ele próprio entendia-se como um filósofo guerreiro. Por fim, apresenta-se sua compreensão acerca do que é a máxima auto-realização depois que o último homem se configurou no niilismo característico da contemporaneidade: a figura de Zaratustra como super-homem, mestre do eterno retorno e amante do destino.

Veganism (or following a PBD) is scientifically proven to be one of the possible answers to the environmental, ethical and health issues our society is currently facing. The documentary film What the Health advocates this claim and presents the tremendous impacts, meat and dairy production and consumption, have on our environment, our personal health and for the people living on our planet. The documentary’s attempt of persuading people to adopt a PBD remained unanswered and was the chosen case-study for this research on audience reception and media effects. The purpose of this research is to provide new empirical data on how the documentary film What the Health changes females’ and males’ perception of a PBD. Using a qualitative method of in-depth interviews, this study aimed to understand how the documentary film What the Health changes females’ and males’ perception of a PBD in times of the 21st century Vegan social movement. Using theoretical insights from the following theories: Framing theory, schema theory, social representation theory, social cognition theory and the concept of hegemonic masculinity, this study aimed to assess whether the documentary film What the Health contributed to perception changes among its audience. And whether gender differences were prominent.The findings of this study indicated perception changes of a PBD among its audience. Preconceptions of Veganism as a social trend or for ethical justifications were changed to understanding people’s individual motivations for attaining such a diet. Overall, no significant gender differences were detected. The social determinant of perceived restrictions within a social context were the most dominant factors of not transitioning to a PBD. Meat is undoubtedly an inherent and substantial part of people’s lives and restricting oneself from it is not perceived to be the answer to environmental, personal health and ethical issues. However, the audience was observed to admire Vegans for their discipline and strength.This study indicated that the documentary film What the Health might have an effect on its audience in the long term, which is proposed as future research respectively.

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Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka hur man i massmedia artikulerar audiovisuellauttrycksmedel, hur den audiovisuella diskursen har utvecklats under tre decennier och ividare led förändrat den sociala praktiken. Studien går även in på vilka psykologiskakognitioner som kan påverkas av perceptioner och hur man i senare led artikulerar dessatankar. Studien har valt Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys där den tredimensionellaanalysmodell kommer användas som metod. Vidare ska filmrecensioner i DagensNyheter och Svenska Dagbladet analyseras för att finna svar på den audiovisuelladiskursens struktur. Diskursanalysen utgår från poststrukturella teorier som säger att därspråket förändras, förändras också sociala strukturer (Winther & Phillips, 2000:7ff).Dessa teorier ska kompletteras med Michel Chions (1994) teorier om begreppetaudiovision och Guttman et al (2005) tidigare forskning om perception. Analysen visaren stor förändring i diskursordningen på så vis att de audiovisuella uttrycksmedel harstörre diskursiv närvaro i de nutida texter. Analysen visar även på en mångfaldig ochkreativ användning av diskurser och kan då enligt Faircloughs poststrukturella teorierkonstatera en utveckling av den sociala praktiken. Denna utveckling kunde i senare ledspeglas mot Chions teorier om audiovision och Guttman et als tidigare forskning omperception och studien tolkar att den visuella och audiella perceptionenssammanlänkning är omedveten och blir därför svår att artikulera.

Submision of work is the reconstruction of the Essler spinning factory and it´s whole area. The new usage is the high school of architecture for 100 students (master's degree). The uniqueness of the place, building, construction and assignment. The proposal accept and evolve these terms. The uniqueness of the place, based on the topography, is mainly determined by the river Svitava, which determines the whole structure of the surrounding and creates the uniqueness and genius loci of the place. The island is formed by river bending and man-made mill-race, which was brought down to the water mill. The river banks, having a huge recreational potential (raiced by a bicycle path along the river), as well as possible used for recreation. The proposal also reflects and is based on the principle of education. Public education is accessible to all who are interested in and have a potential. That is why i propose as open as it is possible space. I propose the prolongation of the access bridge and create the connestion between the church of St. George and the southern bank of the river. It makes an important spiritual axis connecting the church and the statue of Saint Nepomuk on the south shore. The proposal emphasizes the recent axis of the island. Axis theme is amplified by the open space of school building and entering the school from the bridge (the exposed side from city and bus stop) continues throughout the entire building to further academic Square, serving as a susperse school area. Building construction is what is unique and what is certainly worth preserving. So it is showed as possible as it is regarding to the needs of the school. The building is showing construction upward also for students as well. This flows into in the last floor where is the open space. There is used the only one added aesthetic motion, the stals, which also emphasizes the axis.

In search of, the current and urgent, accompanied with our guiltless but potentially not agencies, we fight for the intelligence of reality. A zeitgeist that we try to ghostbust, that we hope to understand. A pandemonium circulated around the event, the now, the branches of time that flicker the possibilities and variations of expressions, that we as trajectories might solidify into a reality.  "So, one can start from a simple question, at which one does not care to conclude  with an answer: "why do we mark/trace a surface? Or for that matter, sculpt, think,  animate etc." What is the inclination behind it? And more importantly, why do we  cling to a specific preference?" In this essay I attempt a brief brush through from a number of familiar questions about art. And attempt to provide my own understanding, of art, creativity, society, and the ever newer intentions of the human expressive trajectories, that provide variations of possibilities and potentialities.

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