Le but de ce travail est de prouver la supériorité d’une technique alternative de propulsion manuelle non-conventionnelle basée sur le système à leviers. La faisabilité d’un prototype intégrant la technique non-conventionnelle ainsi que les avantages et les inconvénients sont également recherchés. Les évaluations objectives et subjectives en relation avec l’interface sujetprototype ainsi que les habiletés sur terrain et les paramètres physiologiques ont fait l’objet d’études expérimentales. Le prototype conçu pourrait constituer une tentative dans le domaine de l’handisport permettant aux sportifs handicapés de recourir à une stratégie de propulsion manuelle non-conventionnelle évitant les complications induites par la technique conventionnelle / Wheelchair propulsion has been reported to be responsible for musculoskeletal pain in the upper extremities. Epidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence of shoulder complaints in paraplegic and quadriplegic spinal cord injured (SCI) people. It has been argued that the high incidence of shoulder complaints in SCI was the result of the weightbearing or propulsion function of the upper extremity in those subjects. This work aimed at proposing an alternative wheelchair propulsion technique based on the levers’ system. The interface prototype-users, the wheelchair skills evaluation, the oxygen uptake and the cardiac frequency are investigated by an objective and subjective studies. Our prototype is designed to be an attempt in the field of disabled athletes having some advantages of a non-conventional manual wheelchair propulsion technique, avoiding complications induced by the conventional one

The purpose of this PhD was to explore the psycho-social health (PSH) and well-being (WB) of Great Britain's (GB) Wheelchair Basketball (WhB) players over time, starting from when they became disabled and culminating in the London 2012 Paralympic Games. The sample comprised 16 players (8 male, 8 female) and 4 coaches. They were interviewed on three occasions - 2 years before, within a year of and a year after London. Observations spanned this period, whilst data was also collected via two visual methods: auto-photography (AP) and timelining. All data was analysed using a thematic analytical approach. First the challenges to PSH and WB of being disabled are discussed, with the diversity of experience highlighted. Secondly in exploring the role of spinal units and story-tellers in initiating players into sport, a lottery which risked their PSH and WB is exposed. Whilst copious benefits of recreational disability sport are described, being a GB WhB player is revealed as an extreme health rollercoaster. Just as being a Paralympian offers perks and privileges, so too does it risk players becoming obsessed. Performance and health are shown to be uniquely related and yet not always simultaneously achievable. Finally, from the pride of wearing the jersey and competing at a home Paralympics, to shattered dreams and unfulfilled ambitions, London 2012 is relived. The research concludes that creating a 'Healthy Paralympian' is a challenging task and yet winning formula. Recommendations are made to realise this aim, whilst those which have already been adopted by GB WhB are also shared.

Le développement et la médiatisation du sport de haut niveau, notamment en fauteuil roulant, ont changé l 'image du handicap et favorisé le développement d'infrastructures permettant la pratique handisport, reconnue comme bénéfique pour la santé physique et psychique des personnes handicapées...Dans ce contexte, en partenariat avec un joueur de tennis fauteuil de haut niveau, l'objet de ces travaux a été d'étudier l'influence des réglages du fauteuil roulant sur son comportement en match, afin de l'optimiser pour le sport concerné. Ces travaux se concentrent d'abord sur les résistances au mouvement, en particulier dans les paliers des roues, lors du roulement en ligne droite et en rotation. La méthode consiste à créer d'abord un modèle mécanique représentatif du mouvement pour ensuite le valider avec une série d'expérimentations et l'exploiter. L'étude du sportif en mouvement sur son fauteuil a nécessité l'adaptation d'un modèle volumique à une personne assise, avec estimation des paramètres inertiels par mesures rapides. Ce modèle a été appliqué à l'étude de la propulsion à vitesse maximale, pour vérifier l'influence de la position du siège sur ce mouvement. Enfin une étude expérimentale des paramètres influant sur la rotation du fauteuil a mis en avant la forte influence de la position du centre de gravité du sujet sur la rotation, corroborée par un modèle mécanique.Les résultats issus de ces travaux ont permis de mieux comprendre les influences des réglages sur le comportement du fauteuil, de modifier certains réglages pour le sportif et d'orienter la conception d'un nouveau fauteuil. Ces études ont par ailleurs eu des retombées sur les fauteuils conventionnels et entre temps, notre sportif est devenu N°1 mondial... / The development of Paralympics has done a lot for a more positive image of handicap and has opened up new opportunities for the practice of disability sport, known to be highly beneficial for the physical and psychological health of disabled people. Conducted in close partnership with a high level tennis player, this study focuses on the influence of the wheelchair settings on its behavior in order to adapt this behavior to wheelchair tennis playing. The study first highlighted the forces of resistance to straight line or rotating wheelchair movements, thanks to mechanical models validated by experiments. Then, the inertial parameters of the seated player's body segments were assessed by adapting a volumic model to the sitting position, and his propulsion at maximal velocity was studied, in order to understand the effect of the seat fore-and-aft position on this movement. Then, an experimental study proved the major influence of the center of gravity position on free rotation, which was modelized too.In a nutshell, this research work has led to a better understanding of the effects of the wheelchair settings on its behavior, its results have allowed to modify various settings on our partner's wheelchair and can be used as a basis for future wheelchair conception/design. They have also proved useful for conventional wheelchairs and in the meantime, our tennis player partner has become wheelchair tennis world champion…

Orientador: José Irineu Gorla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gatti_AndreiaMariaMicai_M.pdf: 901357 bytes, checksum: 0c37bc63cfef22403e9a5aec17c23900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A classificação no esporte paralímpico faz parte das regras da competição, desempenhando um papel importante para minimizar as diferenças entre os atletas de diferentes deficiências. A classificação possui duas funções importantes que são determinar a elegibilidade para competir e agrupar os atletas para a competição. O Código de Classificação e Normas Internacionais do Comitê Paralimpico Internacional (IPC) detalha políticas e procedimentos que devem ser comuns na classificação em todos os esportes. O Handebol em Cadeira de Rodas (HCR) é uma modalidade que vem sendo praticada no Brasil com padronização das regras e de caráter competitivo desde o ano de 2005. Por ser um esporte recente, e ainda não contar com um sistema de classificação funcional próprio para a modalidade, este estudo tem como objetivo propor um sistema de classificação funcional, estabelecendo os critérios e padrões a serem utilizados de acordo com o Código de Classificação e Normas Internacionais do IPC. Para tanto, este trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos: (I) "Classificação no esporte paralimpico: Revisão de Literatura", onde uma revisão sistemática da classificação no movimento paralimpico foi elaborada, e (II) "A classificação para o Handebol em Cadeira de Rodas", capítulo onde foram abordadas todas as normas e políticas para serem adotadas para a prática do HCR como: história da classificação do HCR; princípios, propósitos e componentes; classe esportiva; status de classe esportiva; elegibilidade para competir; critérios de elegibilidade mínima; pontuação dentro de quadra; avaliação física; avaliação de movimentos funcionais; observação em quadra; componentes da avaliação do atleta; provas de função muscular; valores dos testes manuais e pontuação dos membros superiores, membros inferiores e tronco; características das classes esportivas; procedimentos da classificação; protestos; recursos; elegibilidade para ser um classificador e certificação do classificador. Desta forma,o presente estudo estabelece as diretrizes que irão nortear o procedimento da classificação funcional no HCR. / Abstract: Classification in Paralympic sports is a part of competition regulation, playing an important role in minimizing the differences among athletes different disabilities. Classification has two important roles that are, to determine the eligibility to compete and to group athletes for competition. The Classification Code and International Standards of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) details policies and procedures that should be common to all sports. Since 2005, wheelchair handball (WH) has been playing in Brazil, following standardized regulation, mainly aiming competitive events, As WH is a relatively recent sport and still has not its own classification system, this research aims to propose a functional classification system, setting out the criteria and standards to be used in accordance with the Classification Code and International Standards. This study was divided into two chapters: (I) "Classification in Paralympic Sports: a Literature Review" which is a systematic review of classification on Paralympic Sports, and; (II) "Classification for wheelchair handball", a chapter where the regulaments and policies to be adopted for the practice of WH were discussed and subdivided into these different topics: history of the WH classification; principles, purposes and components; class sport; sport class status; competitive eligibility; minimum score for eligibility criteria within court; physical evaluation; assessment of functional movements; court observation; athletes assessment; manual muscle testing ; scoring manual testing (upper limb, lower limb and trunk); characteristics of sports classes; classification procedures, protests, appeals, eligibility to become a classifier and classifier certification. Therefore, the current study tries to establish a guideline that might help the procedures for the WH functional classification system. / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestra em Educação Física

En France, plus de 2 enfants sur 1000 naissent avec une « Paralysie Cérébrale », provoquée par des lésions au niveau cérébral. Cette pathologie non-évolutive, entraine des troubles de la motricité et du processus attentionnel. Certains de ces enfants n’ont pas accès au fauteuil roulant électrique pour des raisons de sécurité, car susceptibles de commettre des erreurs dangereuses de pilotage. Ils n’ont donc pas accès à l’autonomie et se déplacent en fauteuil manuel poussé par une tierce personne. Or, aujourd’hui les études médicales du domaine font consensus sur la nécessité de l’accession au déplacement autonome, indispensable pour le développement personnel, intellectuel et la participation sociale de toute personne, handicapée ou non. Ce travail de thèse a pour but de développer un système optronique adaptable, permettant de transformer un fauteuil roulant électrique classique, en fauteuil roulant semi-autonome. Ceci signifie que l’utilisateur garde le contrôle de la direction et de la vitesse du fauteuil, mais que des capteurs peuvent inhiber les commandes empêchant les situations de basculement (trottoirs, escaliers, etc.) ou de collision frontale. La priorité est placée sur un dispositif constitué d’une combinaison de capteurs pouvant s’adapter sur les différents modèles existants de fauteuil en respectant leur encombrement initial. Tous les capteurs utilisés ou conçus pour l’objectif recherché, doivent maintenir leurs performances dans tous les environnements (intérieur, extérieur, fort ensoleillement, goudron mouillé, etc.). La consommation énergétique totale ne doit pas excéder quelques Watts. Concernant l’anticollision frontale et le passage de portes, nous avons développé une solution associant pour chaque côté du fauteuil un double capteur infrarouge et un capteur à ultrasons. Les capteurs infrarouges, développés en interne, sont conçus pour avoir des zones de protection cylindriques, permettant de détecter efficacement les passages dégagés de la taille du fauteuil et gérer les angles grâce au double capteur. Le capteur à ultrasons est destiné à gérer les obstacles fins foncés frontaux à courte distance pouvant échapper aux capteurs infrarouges. Concernant le contrôle de la planéité du sol et donc l’antibasculement, un lidar laser miniature trifaisceaux a été développé pour protéger chaque roue avec 1 m d’anticipation. Les données des différents capteurs seront couplées à l’odométrie du fauteuil afin de prendre les décisions sur les commandes. Les capteurs sont conçus pour assurer une anticipation suffisante jusqu’à 3km/h. Il s’agit d’une vitesse faible, mais adaptée à des utilisateurs qui dans le contexte actuel ne sont pas autorisés à piloter. Des tests en situation réelle dans des situations climatiques variées sont réalisés. / In France, more than 2 children out of 1000 are born with "Cerebral Palsy", caused by lesions on the cerebral level. This non-progressive pathology causes disorders of motor skills and the attentional process. Some of these children do not have access to the electric wheelchair for safety reasons, as they may make dangerous steering mistakes. They do not have access to autonomy and move in manual wheelchair pushed by a third person. However, today the medical studies of the field point on the need for accession to autonomous displacement, essential for personal development, intellectual and social participation of any person, disabled or not. This thesis aims to develop an adaptable optronic system, transforming a classic electric wheelchair into a semi-autonomous wheelchair. This means that the user keeps control of the direction and speed of the chair, but that sensors can inhibit controls that prevent from falls (sidewalks, stairs, etc.) or frontal collisions. The priority is placed on a device consisting of a combination of sensors that can adapt to the different existing models of wheelchair respecting their initial size. All sensors used or designed for the intended purpose, must maintain their performance in all environments (indoor, outdoor, strong sunlight, wet tar, etc.). The total energy consumption must not exceed a few Watts. For frontal collision avoidance and door entry, we have developed a solution combining for each side of the chair a double infrared sensor and an ultrasonic sensor. The infrared sensors, developed in-house, are designed to have cylindrical protection zones, making it possible to effectively detect the passages cleared of the size of the chair and to manage the angles thanks to the double sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is designed to handle dark fine end-face obstacles that can escape infrared sensors. The control of the flatness of the floor and therefore of the anti-tip, a LiDAR triple laser beams has been developed to protect each wheel with 1 m of anticipation. The data of the various sensors will be coupled to the odometry of the chair to make decisions on orders. The sensors are designed to provide sufficient anticipation up to 3 km/h. This is a low speed, but suitable for users who in the current context are not allowed to drive.Real-life tests in various climatic situations are carried out. Solutions are sought for chaotic floors or when the user moves a lot on the chair.

Diploma thesis deals with the design of the automatically controlled ramp for the boarding of physically disabled people in city buses. The initial research section deals with the regulations and directives that must be respected in the design, the issue of wheelchair mobility and the analysis of design considered elements. In the second part the thesis goes to the chosen design solution. The design input parameters are the height of the ramp cassette, the slope of the ramp when boarding and the width of the boarding platform. The platform is extended by a pair of pneumatic cylinders along with a scissor mechanism guided in a linear ball guide. The boarding platform is made of an aluminium honeycomb panel which strength is verified by analytical calculation. At the front edge, the boarding platform is equipped with a pressure-sensitive edge The ramp cassette is made up of a welded frame of steel profiles and subjected to stress strain analysis. The thesis is accompanied by complete drawing documentation.

Tyrimo objektas: Vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjų specialieji fiziniai gebėjimai. Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti ir įvertinti vežimėlių krepšinio programų poveikį skirtingos negalios žaidėjų specialiesiems fiziniams gebėjimams. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti trumpalaikės intensyvios ir ilgalaikes neintensyvios treniruočių programos poveikį krepšinio žaidėjų važiavimo vežimėliu specialiesiems fiziniams gebėjimams. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti trumpalaikės intensyvios ir ilgalaikes neintensyvios treniruočių programos poveikį krepšinio žaidėjų vežimėlio valdymo specialiesiems fiziniams gebėjimams. 3. Nustatyti ir įvertinti trumpalaikės intensyvios ir ilgalaikes neintensyvios treniruočių programos poveikį vežimėlių krepšinio žaidėjų specialiesiems fiziniams gebėjimams negalios aspektu. Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 20 vežimėlių krepšinio komandų žaidėjų iš Lietuvos klubų. 10 žaidėjų žaidžiančių Kauno “LSU-RSK” komandoje treniravosi pagal ilgalaikę neintensyvią treniruočių programą aštuonias savaites, ir 10 Lietuvos vežimėlių krepšinio rinktinės narių, kurie dalyvavo pasirengimo stovykloje prieš turnyrą Anykščiuose, treniravosi pagal trumpalaikę intensyvią treniruočių programą iš viso 10 dienų. Intensyvi treniruočių programa buvo vykdoma 2012 metų lapkričio pabaigoje – gruodžio pradžioje. Tris savaites iki programos vykdymo tiriamieji nedalyvavo vežimėlių krepšinio sportinėje veikloje. Šią grupę sudarė žaidėjai iš Alytaus “Alytupis”, Kauno “LSU-RSK” ir Vilniaus “Draugystė” klubų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the research: Wheelchair basketball player’s special physical skills. Goal of research: Identify and assess wheelchair basketball programs on different physical handicap player’s special abilities. Tasks: 1. Identify and evaluate short-term intensive and long-term not intensive training program effect for basketball players riding wheelchair special physical abilities. 2. Identify and evaluate short-term intensive and long-term not intensive training program effect for basketball player’s wheelchair control special abilities. 3. Identify and evaluate short-term intensive and long-term not intensive training program effect for wheelchair basketball player’s special physical abilities of disability perspective. Subjects: The study involved 20 wheelchair basketball players from different clubs in Lithuania. 10 players who are playing in Kaunas „LSU-RSK“ team trained by long-term low-intensity training program for eight weeks and 10 Lithuania wheelchair basketball team members who participated in the preparation camp before the tournament in Anykščiai trained by short-term intensive training program for a 10 days. The intensive training program took place in 2012 at the end of November and in early December. Three weeks before the program athletes didn‘t participate in wheelchair basketball sports activities. This group consisted from players from Alytus „Alytupis“, Kaunas „LSU-RSK“ and Vilnius „Draugystė“ clubs. Low-intensity training program took place in 2013... [to full text]

To measure physical activity in a wheelchair user is important. Disabled people have been found to be less active and it has negative health implications. By relating to ones own physical activity in concrete form it is easier to reinforce a positive attitude towards being physically active. The aim of this thesis is to show how a system can be built, that is able to collect measurements from sensors, with usability in mind. The system consists of software that integrates an iPhone, Apple Watch and a Tacx rotation sensor mounted on a wheelchair. With the help of a physics model these measurements can estimate energy expenditure of a wheelchair user. The system was tested with four participants performing subjectively decided low, moderate and vigorous physical activity while the system collected data. In terms of absolute energy expenditure the system was inaccurate. On the other hand, correlations were found between the calculated energy expenditures and physical activity. Using measurements from the rotations sensor a correlation of 0.7315 was found between the calculated energy expenditure and physical activity, a correlation of 0.5385 using measurements from the GPS and a correlation of 0.6452 using measurements from Apples own proprietary algorithm. The created system is a promising prototype towards objective measurement of physical activity in wheelchair users.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Background There has been a remarkable increase in the participation of sport for athletes with disabilities. Consequently, there have been many international studies on injuries in athletes which have shown a high prevalence in wheelchair basketball, largely attributed to the fast-paced, high intensity nature of the sport. This sport has grown worldwide including South Africa, however, very little research has been published on South African wheelchair basketball players and more research is, therefore, needed. Aim To determine the prevalence and profile of musculoskeletal pain in elite wheelchair basketball players of different point classifications in South Africa. Hypothesis 1: Upper extremity (including neck and back) pain is experienced more commonly in lower point classified wheelchair basketball players than in higher point classified players. Hypothesis 2: Lower extremity pain is experienced more commonly in higher point classified players than in lower point classified players Method This study was a quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire comprised of sub-sections on demographics and disability characteristics; activity levels pertaining to wheelchair basketball and other sport/physical activity; the prevalence of pain and the impact thereof on wheelchair basketball and/or activities of daily living. This questionnaire was administered to 48 wheelchair basketball players who were competing in the 2015 Supersport League. A response rate of 70% was decided as the lower limit cut-off for statistical power. Results Fourty-three participants responded yielding an 89.58% response rate. The mean age of participants was 33.3 (SD:9.5) years and the majority of participants (n=35) were male and African (n=29). Out of the 43 participants, 79.1% (n=34) used mobility devices, the majority (n=20) used wheelchairs. Most of the participants (n=41) played wheelchair basketball for more than five years and 32 participants did not participate in other sport. Almost half of the participants (n=25) experienced musculoskeletal pain in the last twelve months or at present, 75% of whom (n=12) visited a Physiotherapist for the pain. More than half of these participants (n=15; 60%) reported that the pain negatively affected their basketball performance. It was established that arm pain occurred frequently in lower point classified players (1.0-2.5 point players) and that hand and wrist pain was also more prevalent in lower point players than in higher point players. The prevalence of lower extremity pain was low and there was no statistically significant difference between higher and lower point classified players. Conclusions and Recommendations The finding that upper extremity pain occurred more frequently in lower point classified players was in keeping with the first hypothesis (the null hypothesis was, therefore, rejected). The second hypothesis was, however, rejected (and the null hypothesis was, therefore, accepted) as lower extremity pain did not occur more frequently in higher point classified players than in lower point classified players. The Eta scores may have been higher and may have shown a much larger than typical relationship between point classification and the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain had there been a larger sample size. Notwithstanding this limitation, it is a challenge to obtain a significantly larger sample size due to the nature and limited number of participants in this sport. More studies are warranted on this group of individuals, as a large number experienced pain which affected more than half of the participants’ performance in wheelchair basketball. These studies are important for the future success of the South African players and the sport in South Africa. / M

Orientador: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Resumo: Dos dispositivos de auxílio à mobilidade, a cadeira de rodas é o mais utilizado, proporcionando ao usuário, além do deslocamento, melhora na qualidade de vida, na saúde, no bem-estar social e econômico. É um equipamento comumente utilizado por tempo prolongado, estando sujeito à ocorrência de vibração e consequente transmissão da Vibração de Corpo Inteiro (VCI) ao usuário por meio das superfícies de contato, como os apoios para braços, pés, cabeça, encosto e assento. A VCI pode causar danos à saúde do usuário de cadeira de rodas se os seus níveis ultrapassarem os limites seguros. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar a influência das almofadas nos níveis de vibração transmitidos aos usuários de cadeira de rodas, tendo como principal foco de estudo a análise de diferentes tipos de almofadas e a vibração transmitida ao longo do eixo z, o mais afetado em posições sentadas. Também foram avaliadas as almofadas implementadas com uma superfície plana de madeira compensada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada, exploratória, experimental e transversal realizada com vinte e sete voluntários do gênero masculino, não usuários de cadeira de rodas. Os resultados mostram que a cadeira de rodas sem almofada transmite o menor nível de vibração [WAz=0,39m/s2]. As almofadas comerciais obtiveram valores de VCI entre WAz=0,45m/s2 e WAz=0,52m/s2. Os assentos implementados com uma superfície de madeira compensada apresentaram níveis de VCI de WAz=0,41m/s2 a WAz=... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Of the wheelchair mobility aids is the most used, providing the user, beides the displacement, improvement in the quaçity of life, health, social and economic well-being. It is a commonly used equipment for a long time, being subject to the occurrence of vibration and consequent transmission of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) to the user through contact surfaces, such as armrests, feet, headrest, backrest and seat. WBV can cause damage to the health of a wheelchair user if their levels exceed safe limits. In this way, the main objective of this work was to verify the influence of the cushions on the vibration levels transmitted to the wheelchair users, having as main focus the analysis of different types of cushions and the vibration transmitted along the z axis, the most affected in segred positions. Also evaluated were the pillows implemented with a flat plywood surface. It is a quantitative, applied, exploratory, experimental and cross-sectional study carried out with twenty-seve male volunteers, not wheelchair users. The results show that the wheelchair without cushion transmits the lowest level of vibration {WAz=0.39m/s2]. The commercial cushions obtained WBV values between WAz=0.45m/22 and WAz=0.52m/s2. The seats implemented with a plywood surface showed WBV levels of WAz=0.41m/s2 at WAz=0.44m/s2. It was concluded that the commercial cushions amplify the vibration when compared to the wheelchair without cushions, and the WBV levels measured in the research are relevant, ofte... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor