Enterprise software has traditionally focused on functionalities over experiences. When enterprise software is becoming a core part of work, knowledge about the experiences can result in an enhanced working situation for employees and become a useful tool for them. Bridging together the knowledge generated, in both academia and the industry, under the topic of enterprise UX will allow for easier knowledge sharing where theory and practice can build on each other. This paper has investigated through research through design the visualization and interaction opportunities for an enhanced enterprise UX in a tool aimed for an advertising campaign planning process, while also has addressed under-constrained problems the enterprise UX most likely will encounter. Results show that there is great potential to support the process of planning a campaign with a tool but that there are also challenges with building the tool for the right user, creating value for the users and not underestimating skilled expertise. / Mjukvara ämnad för företag har traditionellt sett fokuserat på funktionaliteter framför upplevelser. När denna mjukvara nu blir en central del av arbetet kan kunskap om upplevelsen resultera i en förbättrad arbetssituation för de anställda och bli ett användbart verktyg för dem. Att överbrygga den kunskap som genereras, i både det akademiska och i industrin, under ämnet företags-UX kommer att möjliggöra enklare kunskapsdelning där teori och praktik kan bygga på varandra. Den här artikeln har genom en forskning genom design metodik undersökt visualiserings- och interaktionsmöjligheter för ett förbättrat företags-UX i ett verktyg som används i en planeringsprocess av mediekampanjer, samtidigt som underbegränsade problem som företagets-UX troligen kommer att stöta på tas upp. Resultatet visar att det finns stor potential för att stödja planeringsprocessen av kampanjer med ett verktyg men visar också på utmaningar med att bygga verktyget för rätt användare, skapa värde för användarna och inte underskatta skicklig expertis.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-04-20T16:59:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgard Charles Stuber_.pdf: 853738 bytes, checksum: 573a1be7979fbca9175606c1199e2e9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T16:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgard Charles Stuber_.pdf: 853738 bytes, checksum: 573a1be7979fbca9175606c1199e2e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Nenhuma / Esta tese visa analisar e discutir a resolução de problemas complexos, a fim de defender que não há métodos infalíveis, mas apenas múltiplas tentativas seguidas da eliminação de erros com o acúmulo de informação. Comumente o conceito de inovação tem sido associado à tecnologia ou ao lançamento de produtos e neste trabalho será feita uma abordagem de inovação pela resolução de problemas. A argumentação se desenvolve com uma perspectiva historicista, que tem início com o processo biológico do algoritmo evolutivo da seleção natural proposto por Charles Darwin para os organismos vivos até chegar na espécie humana que tem a mente, que lhe possibilita encurtar o tempo de resolução dos problemas com a sua intencionalidade. Diversos métodos científicos serão analisados ao longo da evolução cultural, desde o início do pensamento filosófico do atomismo até a Revolução Científica. Apesar de a ciência ser o empreendimento humano mais refinado para solução de problemas, a resistência para introdução de novas ideias ou de novas perspectivas sempre foi um entrave no desenvolvimento da civilização humana. A discussão da geração de conhecimento é relevante e será expandida em torno da epistemologia da biologia da cognição dos organismos vivos e dos sistemas sociais complexos. Ao final, depois do estudo da resolução de problemas na natureza e na ciência, será feita uma análise do mundo empresarial. A conclusão é que as organizações, de forma muito similar aos organismos vivos, tendem à extinção e podem apenas resolver seus problemas complexos fazendo uso do método de tentativa e erro com experimentação para acelerar o aprendizado com vistas a retardar sua obsolescência num ambiente de acelerada mudança. / This dissertation aims at analyzing and discussing the solving of wicked problems with a view to defending the idea that there are no infallible methods, only multiple attempts followed by elimination of errors and consequent accumulation of information. The concept of innovation has been commonly associated to technology or the launching of new products; so here innovation will be approached through problem solving. The argumentation develops under a historicist perspective; it begins with the biological process of the natural selection evolutionary algorithm proposed for living organisms by Charles Darwin and it goes on until it comes to the human species and the intentionality of our mind, which allows problem solving to be done in a shorter time. Various scientific methods will be analyzed throughout cultural evolution, from the beginning of philosophical atomism up to the Scientific Revolution. Although science is the most refined human endeavor when it comes to solving problems, resistance to the introduction of new ideas or new perspectives has always been an obstacle to the development of human civilization. Discussing knowledge generation is relevant and it will be expanded around the epistemology of the biology of living organisms cognition and complex social systems. Finally, after studying problem solving in nature and in science, an analysis of the business world will be carried out. The conclusion is that organizations, much like living organisms, are prone to extinction and they can only solve their wicked problems by making use of the trial-and-error method with experimentation to accelerate learning with a view to delaying their obsolescence in a rapidly changing environment.

Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. / This thesis questions the processes and mecanisms in the emergence of the political problem ofAutism in France. A bottom-up movement has emerged, thanks to the actions of "coalitions ofcauses" (especially those of parents' associations) which have carried out a work of empowerment,in order to appropriate the research work, legitimate themself against the medical power, and claimrights with the public authorities.This reasearch explore the reasons why Autism became a political issue in the mid-1990s untilbeing recognized as a "Great national cause" in 2012. It elaborate an analysis of the process thatchange the status of autism (family problem first, social problem then, and political problem at end)and define the possible public treatment.

Management tools and solutions are largely conceptualised through well-defined and well-understood problems. However, management often encounter problems that are neither well defined nor straightforward. These problems are labelled wicked problems and require a different management approach to solve. Many of these wicked problems fall within the public service delivery sector, of which the criminal justice system is part. The current study argues that crime in South Africa is a wicked problem because it portrays characteristics such as persistence and pervasiveness and does not have obvious causal relationships. Despite collaboration across several organisations and substantial resource investment, crime remains ‘untamed’ in South Africa. This study responded to calls in the literature for further research into collaborations that are mandated and directed. Given that wicked problems are unique and require unique solutions, this research proposed a framework that applies to South Africa and its historical context and is applicable in the governance context under which crime is addressed. This presented a compelling reason to undertake the current research and use the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster as a case to study intragovernmental collaboration. The objective of the research is threefold: first, to gain an in-depth explanation of intragovernmental collaboration within the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster from people who take part in the collaboration; second, to identify the dimensions of the collaboration and the interrelationships between them; and third, to develop a strategic framework for intragovernmental collaborations. Interactive Qualitative Analysis was used as a research method with ten Senior Managers participating in a focus group and semi-structured interviews and five Top Managers participating in semi-structured interviews. In-depth descriptions of the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security collaboration were captured through Interactive Qualitative Analysis in line with the qualitative research approach and eight key dimensions of the collaboration were identified. The research proposed a Strategic Framework for Intragovernmental Collaboration that takes into account the findings of the research and a literature-based conceptual framework underpinned by the Resource Dependency Theory, the Resource-Based View and the Complexity Theory. Findings from the study demonstrate that eight dimensions are key in the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security collaboration, and these dimensions are ranked in order of importance. The presented framework also highlights several differences from reported studies in this field. The contribution of this study not only extends the literature on intragovernmental collaborations but also sets clear guidelines for managers and policy makers to establish and direct intragovernmental collaborations. The chosen methodology and insider access to senior management ultimately produced rich descriptions not previously available. Two key recommendations are identified for the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster. Firstly, addressing the wicked problem of crime requires active participation of stakeholders beyond the Cluster and secondly, it must include active citizenship that is instrumental in contributing knowledge and learning as part of a feedback loop into the criminal justice system. Within the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster, the study identified three drivers of the collaboration that need to be addressed to enable the Cluster to work towards a goal consensus of addressing crime. These are leadership, culture and governance arrangements. Models of leadership and governance are included to guide the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster in this regard. / Business Management / D. B. L.