Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 21.pdf: 9559079 bytes, checksum: c092ccff9d5d2fd6a34b8be811ac6167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Este trabalho procura analisar a articulação entre as ideias de diferentes atores sociais vinculados ao movimento da reforma sanitária, ao movimento feminista e ao Estado na configuração de uma política pública de saúde da mulher, o Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PAISM), lançado em outubro de 1983, pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os conceitos de saúde pública defendidos pelo movimento da reforma sanitária articulados às concepções e práticas educativas sobre o corpo e a saúde da mulher do movimento feminista, influenciaram no desenho do PAISM. Entre meados das décadas de 1970 e 1980, a mobilização política pelo ideal da consolidação de uma sociedade democrática no Brasil possibilitou um consenso entre diferentes setores da oposição ao regime militar e ao neomalthusianismo, na elaboração do PAISM, que procurava incorporar entre as demandas básicas de saúde da população, aquelas que diziam respeito especificamente às mulheres, entre elas a contracepção, antecipando diretrizes internacionais nesse campo e tornando-se referência para futuras políticas de saúde da mulher.

O câncer de mama é a segunda neoplasia maligna mais incidente entre a população feminina mundial e influencia as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Esta doença, muitas vezes associada à necessidade da mastectomia, provoca impacto sobre a vida da mulher, nos âmbitos pessoal, familiar, sobretudo nos aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida e sexualidade. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório, analítico, de base hospitalar com o objetivo de avaliar as relações entre a mastectomia, a sexualidade e a qualidade de vida da mulher. Foi desenvolvido em um Hospital-Escola da Cidade de São Paulo. A população deste estudo foi composta por 100 mulheres (N) que tiveram câncer de mama e foram submetidas à mastectomia. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário estruturado, composto por dados sócio-demográficos das mulheres e seus parceiros, dados da doença e tratamento, itens do \"Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)\" e do \"Quociente Sexual - Versão Feminina (QS-F)\". Os dados foram introduzidos em um banco de dados do Epi Info e analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows. A descrição da amostra foi feita por meio de freqüências absoluta e relativa, média, mediana, desvio-padrão e valores mínimos e máximos. Para a análise da correlação entre o QS-F e os escores de qualidade de vida foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, que também foi utilizado para analisar as variáveis quantitativas. A comparação das médias do QS-F segundo características da mulher, do parceiro e da doença/tratamento foi feita por meio do Teste de Mann-Whitney. Foram consideradas significativas todas as análises estatísticas com resultado p<0,05. As mulheres tinham em média 51 anos de idade, tinham estudado em média 7,8 anos, a maioria (65%) era católica, com filhos (88%) e parceiro fixo (68%) na época da cirurgia. Quanto à doença 63% das mulheres não teve tumor em fase avançada e quanto aos tratamentos, 75% não realizou a reconstrução mamária, 85% realizou a quimioterapia, 68% a radioterapia e 66% a hormonioterapia. Mais da metade das mulheres (58%) não tinha vida sexual ativa e entre as que tinham, grande parte (64,3%) sofria de alguma disfunção sexual. Em relação à qualidade de vida os melhores escores estavam relacionados aos aspectos sociais, saúde mental, estado geral de saúde, capacidade funcional e vitalidade. Houve relação estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) entre o escore de sexualidade e a escolaridade da mulher, a idade do parceiro e os escores relacionados à capacidade funcional, vitalidade, limitação por aspectos emocionais e saúde mental. A mastectomia interfere sobre a função sexual e a qualidade de vida e as características desta interferência devem ser conhecidas e consideradas na assistência à mulher de modo a favorecer um cuidado integral e personalizado / Breast cancer is the second most malign neoplasm among the world\'s female population and influences the morbidity and mortality rates. This disease, many times associated to the necessity of mastectomy, provokes an impact on women\'s lives, regarding personal and family issues, related mainly to quality of life and sexuality. This is a transversal, hospital-based study aimed at evaluating the relationship between mastectomy, sexuality and women\'s quality of life. The research was carried out in a university hospital located in the City of São Paulo. The population of this study was composed of 100 women (N) who had breast cancer and underwent mastectomy. Data collection was carried out using a structured form, composed of sociodemographical data related to women and their partners, the items from \"Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)\" and the \"Sexual Quotient - Female Version (QS-F)\". The data were introduced into the Epi Info database and analyzed in the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows. The description of the population sample was carried out by the use of absolute and relative frequency, media, median, standard deviation and maximum and minimum values. For the analysis of correlation between the QS-F and quality of life scores, the Spearman Coefficient Correlation, was utilized for the analysis of quantitative variables. The comparison of the QS-F media according to the women and their partners´ characteristics, the disease/treatment was performed by using the Mann-Whitney Test. All the analyses with results p<0,05 were considered with statistical meaning. The women\'s average age was 51 years, the average years of study was 7,8 years, the major part (65%) was Catholic, with children (88%), a permanent spouse (68%) at the moment of the surgery. As for the disease, 63% have not had an advanced phase of the tumor and, in relation to the treatments, 75% have not undergone breast reconstruction, 85% have undergone chemotherapy, 68% radiotherapy and 66% hormontherapy. More than half of the women (58%) did not have sexual intercourse and among women who were having sexual intercourse, the major part (64,3%) was suffering with some kind of sexual dysfunction. In relation to the quality of life, the better scores were related to the social aspects, mental health, general heath conditions, functional capacity and vitality. There was a statistically significant association (p < 0,05) between the sexuality score and women\'s educational background, the partner\'s age and the scores related to the functional capacity, vitality, emotional related limitations and mental health. The mastectomy interferes in the sexual function and quality of life and the characteristics of this interference must be considered in the women\'s care planning in order to promote an integral and personalized care

Orientadores: Egberto Ribeiro Turato, Renata Cruz Soares de Azevedo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:37:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_DioneViegasAlmeida_M.pdf: 581363 bytes, checksum: ac8bd86693253b3b41839c5ed6fbfa22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste estudo foi contemplada uma amostra de mulheres dependentes de substâncias psicoativas em tratamento em ambulatório universitário especializado no município de Campinas, SP. Nossa hipótese inicial era que a adesão de mulheres dependentes de substâncias psicoativas ao tratamento, seria diretamente influenciada pelo significado da droga em suas vidas, ou pelo significado que o atendimento e acolhimento no serviço especializado têm para essas mulheres dependentes de substâncias. Partindo desse pressuposto, delineamos como objetivo geral conhecer e discutir os significados psicológicos da adesão de mulheres dependentes de substâncias psicoativas ao tratamento, considerando para tanto as suas vivências no serviço de atendimento e em relação a sua própria vinculação com a droga. Para atingir nossos objetivos lançamos mão do método clínicoqualitativo, que nos permite discutir sobre as relações entre os significados simbólicos atribuídos pelos sujeitos ao tratamento e à droga. A amostra de sujeitos foi construída pelo critério da intencionalidade do pesquisador, sendo usada para o fechamento amostral, a estratégia da saturação de dados coletados, usual em pesquisas qualitativas, sendo definido, portanto, em campo o número de sujeitos estudados. A técnica de coleta de dados empregada foi a entrevista semidirigida de questões abertas, que permite o estabelecimento de uma relação mais profunda entre o entrevistador e o entrevistado, aliada a uma observação global do sujeito, bem como suas reações do tipo transferencial e as impressões contratransferenciais do pesquisador. Os procedimentos consistiram na anotação das informações colhidas em um Roteiro/Diário de Campo que contemplou três partes: dados de identificação do sujeito; questões sobre as percepções da dependente sobre seu tratamento, a droga e o significado dela em sua vida; e anotações do comportamento global do sujeito durante a entrevista e dados de auto-observação. A técnica de tratamento dos dados colhidos foi a da Análise Qualitativa de Conteúdo, propiciando a categorização/subcategorização a partir de leituras do conjunto das entrevistas transcritas. A discussão/interpretação dos resultados foi feita à luz de referenciais teóricos provenientes da psicologia médica e da psicodinâmica. Como resultado desta pesquisa foram formuladas as categorias: motivação para o tratamento; desmotivação para o tratamento e dificuldade de adesão; o significado simbólico da droga. Concluiu-se que os motivos que levaram as mulheres dependentes entrevistadas a procurar tratamento, são múltiplos, mas percebemos que isso ocorre quando a droga usada passa a ser percebida como algo que oferece grande desprazer, ou traz perdas significativas. / Abstract: In this study a sample of psychoactive substances-dependent women was observed while in treatment at a specialized universitary outpatient clinic in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo. Our initial hypothesis contemplated that the adherence to the treatment by psychoactive substancesdependent women would be directly influenced by the meaning of the drug in their lives, or by the meaning that the service and welcome found at the specialized service have for these substancedependent women. Based on this, we outlined as our general purpose to know and discuss the psychological meanings of the adherence to the treatment by psychoactive substance-dependent women, considering their experience at the outpatient service and their own attachment to the drug. To reach our goals we used the clinical-qualitative method, which allows us to discuss the relationships between the symbolic meanings assigned by the subjects both to the treatment and to the drug. The subjects sample was built by using the gathered data saturation strategy, commonly used in qualitative researches, and the number of participants was defined in the field. The data gathering technique used was the semi-directed interview with open questions, which allows the establishment of a deeper rapport between the interviewer and the interviewee, combined with a global observation of the subject, as well as her reactions of the transferential type and the countertransferential impressions of the researcher. The procedures consisted of annotations of the gathered information in a Field Script/Diary, which encompassed three parts: identification data of the professional; questions about the addicted women's perception of their treatment, the drug and its meaning in their life; and annotations of the subject's global behavior during the interview and self-observation data. The technique used to treat the gathered data was the Qualitative Content Analysis, providing the categorization/subcategorization from the readings of the set of transcribed interviews. The discussion/interpretation of the results was made based on theoretical referentials from medical psychology and psychodynamics. As a result of this research the following categories were formulated: motivation for the treatment; demotivation for the treatment and difficulty to adhere; the symbolic meaning of the drug. It was concluded that there were multiple reasons why the interviewed substance-dependent women sought out treatment, but we noticed that this used to happen with the perception of the drug as the source of great displeasure or significant loss. / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

The Catholic Church is one of the largest providers of medical care in the US, with 1 in 6 acute-care beds residing in a Catholic hospital. One third of these hospitals are in rural or underserved areas in the US, and advocacy for the vulnerable is a central platform of the Catholic Healthcare Association. Despite this, the Church has been under attack for allegedly putting women at risk of injury or death due to the care restrictions concerning reproductive health stipulated in the Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs). Additionally, scholars are questioning the distinctiveness of the Catholic healthcare mission in practice, pointing to the increased homogenization of Catholic and non-Catholic hospitals. For these reasons, it is necessary to assess if and how women are being harmed in Catholic hospitals and, if there is harm being done, if there is a way to prevent these harms while preserving the Catholic Social Tradition in medicine. In carrying out this assessment, I read the current literature closely to explore both the origins and the practical consequences of these ethical conflicts. Subsequently, I use Chris Durante's "pragmatic perspectivism" to formulate a proposal that considers both Catholic medical ethics and secular medical ethics on the same plane. The proposal suggests the adoption of an alternative and complementary lens for Catholic health care. Using this framework would allow the Church to pursue its health care mission in a fuller sense, unencumbered by the inertia of the medical industry towards homogenization due to legal and economic pressures. It also provides the potential for Catholics to more easily receive Catholic care in all hospitals, not just those under Catholic sponsorship. Importantly, it would also prevent any American woman from being practically forced to receive Catholic care, circumventing many of the ethical conflicts present in the current system.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

Puberty rites are practised in many countries including South Africa. In South Africa the puberty rites have different names and different practices. This study focused on vukhomba among the Manchangana/Vatsonga. Vukhomba is conducted exclusively for girls who have reached menarche. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of utilising vukhomba for the improvement of the health status of women. The study design is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive contextual research study conducted in the Northern region of the Northern Province among Vatsonga\Manchangana in four selected areas. The ethnographic strategy was used to gain access to the vukhomba to view and describe the rite from an emic perspective. The sample included all girls who were initiates during January 1998 and December 1999 in the four selected areas, as well as Vadzabi, varileri, initiated girls, initiated women and vukhomba elders who attended the initaitions. The techniques for data collection included participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and feedback workshops. The findings indicate that vukhomba is conducted during the school holidays in order to cater for girls who are still attending school. The sexuality education in this rite is mainly about encouraging initiates to maintain their virginity for their future husbands. Vukhomba therefore teaches girls attending the initiation the facts of life. It was however, found that girls often attend the initiation for material gain and respect for elders. The content of sexuality education information given to girls during the rite is inadequate. Initiated women and girls wanted to gain more knowledge about their bodies, their health, menstruation, child bearing and pregnancy, contraceptives and pregnancy. After reviewing the findings of the research an intervention programme was developed and discussed with the initiated women and initiated girls. Vukhomba elders accepted the intervention programme, however, certain topics were not approved e.g. contraception. The intervention programme is expected to form part of the initiation programme in the future. Initiated community members will be trained to facilitate the activities of this programme. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil.

This study investigated the health needs of immigrant women from the African Great Lakes living in South Africa in the province of Gauteng, Tshwane Metropolitan city. It described their challenges and related factors compromising their holistic wellness, and identifies their context specific health needs as a gender group. A qualitative approach was utilised concurrently with participatory action research method. Data collection involved triangulation of instruments. A literature study was conducted to select relevant information usable as basis for this study. Data analysis and interpretation revealed factors that make it difficult for immigrant women from the African Great Lakes region to gain access to health care services in South Africa, identifying their specific women’s health needs. Recommendations proposed that policy makers and implementing professionals rendering women’s health care services should consider utilising a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to meet these basic needs. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public health)

This research study explored and described a partogram as a clinical practice guideline for monitoring and managing women during labour at Vhembe District of Limpopo province. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used in order to achieve the study objectives. Purposive sampling was carried out to select three hospitals in order to obtain comprehensive data from the district. The research study was conducted in three phases. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 midwives who were selected conveniently from the three hospitals. Document study was also conducted on 24 partograms that were conveniently selected from the three hospitals on the days that interviews were conducted, using a self-designed checklist. Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis were used to analyse the data, and simple, descriptive statistics using frequencies were used to analyse the data obtained from the document study. Four themes that emerged from the data are: benefits of implementing the partogram, challenges experienced, attitudes of staff and evaluation on how the guideline is being implemented in the wards, including giving feedback. These aspects were indicated as pivotal in the implementation of the guideline in monitoring a woman during labour. The findings on document study revealed gaps in recording, mostly on aspects that needed frequent observations and on aspects in which resources that needed to be used in monitoring were lacking. The strategies to improve the implementation of a guideline were developed based on the research findings, sent to one of the hospitals for review and comments were included in the discussions. It is recommended that in-service training on the implementation of the partogram be conducted regularly for midwives. Hospital management and supervisors need to provide support, enough staff and equipment in order to enable midwives to use the partogram / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / An exploratory, cross-sectional, qualitative survey was conducted to describe the market of lower income mothers who had recently given birth to a child in a state hospital in the Western Cape (WC) region of South Africa. These mothers were viewed by the researcher as potential consumers of low cost maternity plans which would provide for maternity care in Active Birthing Units (ABUs) in the private healthcare sector in South Africa. The motivation behind the research stems from various sources. The currently inequitable healthcare system in South Africa, which has been described as a two tier system in the recent Policy Paper on National Health Insurance (Republic of South Africa, 2011: 4-5), is one such source. Reports of poor maternity care in the South African public healthcare system (Vogel, 2011: E1097-E1098), is another source of motivation behind the research report. It was apparent to the researcher that given the low quality of maternity care in state hospitals, a potential market of healthcare consumers – who would be willing to pay a small premium for what they considered to be a more acceptable level of maternity care in the private healthcare sector – could exist. This view was supported by research conducted by Joan Costa and Jaume Garcia (2003: 587-599) in which the “quality gap” was confirmed as a driving force behind the demand for private health care. This focus on the lower socioeconomic groups as a market for private sector goods and services was found to be well described by Prahalad (2005). The researcher conducted interviews amongst mothers who had delivered a child in a public hospital in the previous two years. A convenience sample of 100 mothers was selected in a shopping mall in the Western Cape (WC). The researcher administered a structured questionnaire during a face-to-face interview with each of the 100 respondents. The respondents were rewarded with a shopping voucher to the value of 50 ZAR, which was both a prerequisite specified by the management of the shopping mall and consistent with rewards offered in similar studies (Francis, Battle-Fisher, Liverpool, Hipple, Mosavel, Soogun, & Nokuthula, 2011). Data collected from the questionnaire included both data on willingness to pay (WTP), as well as demographic data, which provided interesting insights into a relatively under-researched market segment. A statistical analysis of the data collected revealed that 31 respondents (31%) reported a positive WTP for private maternity care. A statistically significant relationship was revealed between respondents’ WTP and the birth experience the respondents had had during their most recent pregnancy, whereby mothers who had described their most recent birth experience as “poor” were significantly more likely to exhibit a positive WTP for private maternity care (p=0.00006). Significant relationships between respondents' WTP for private maternity care and their age and household size were also discovered, whereby younger mothers were more likely to be willing to pay than older mothers (p=0.02) and mothers from smaller households were also significantly more likely to be willing to pay than mothers from larger households (p=0.02). Amongst a sub group of 32 respondents deemed to have potential monthly savings, those with a higher monthly household income were more likely to exhibit positive WTP (p=0.02753) than were those with higher levels of monthly expenditure (p=0.04093). The researcher acknowledged that the limitations of the research included the fact that respondents were selected non-randomly, as a small isolated sample, which made the extrapolation of the results to the larger population of South African mothers impossible. The research did, however, serve to describe the demographic characteristics of a new and relatively under researched target market of mothers from the lower socioeconomic segment of the WC. Data gleaned from this survey will serve to inform further research into this target market, so as to complete a more comprehensive feasibility analysis for the establishment of low cost maternity care packages and ABUs in South Africa.