The purpose of this paper is to discuss and find the coincidental consequences of the organizational politics perception model by clustering organizational politics perception groups. This investigation uses the model proposed by Ferris et al. (1989) to study the relationships between the perceptions of organizational politics, organizational influences, work environment influences, personal influences, and study the relationships between the perceptions of organizational politics, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational commitment, work performance, job involvement, organization citizenship behavior, and exit intention. The sample consisted of 2559 employee selected from 36 organizations covering 9 industrial sectors in Taiwan. The data was analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor, reliability, correlation, regression and multiple linear regression analysis. The different groups of perception of organizational politics were found to have been involved in the relationship between organizational influences and some personal influences. Also the different groups of perception of organizational politics were involved in the relationships between perceptions of organizational politics and employee¡¦s work performance, job involvement, job stress, organization citizenship, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment.

Employees¡¦ perception of organizational political level will influence employees¡¦ decision whether to get involved with organizational politics or to isolate from organizational behaviors, it will reflect significantly on the working attitude directly and will influence the organizational commitment level and performance of employees indirectly, further more, it will decrease the organizational productivities. This research was conducted to focus on that whether employees¡¦ organizational political perception will influence their organizational commitments and performances, also to discuss the connection between each other. The research method this study used was group segmentations. After empirical analysis, we found out: 1. In the organizational political perception, ¡§boss¡¦s and colleague¡¦s behaviors¡¨ dimension has a significant negative correlation with affective commitment and normative commitment; ¡§the differences between policies and realities¡¨ dimension presents the same result as well. ¡§Boss¡¦s and colleague¡¦s behaviors¡¨ dimension has a significant positive correlation with continuance commitment. 2. There is only ¡§the differences between policies and realities¡¨ dimension reaching a significant positive correlation with task performance and contextual performance in organizational political perception. 3. By using K-mean ¡§Cluster analysis¡¨, we got four different types of group representing four different categories of ¡§organizational political perception¡¨. We named them by their characters, the names and characters are described as follow: 3-1 Slow: employees in the type do not react fast enough regarding political behaviors and working environment atmosphere due to the employees¡¦ insensitivity. 3-2 The perception of Complies in public but opposes in private: employees can sense that organization does not behave the same way in terms of policies and operations; they do nothing with this scenario. 3-3 The perception of keen actions: The members of perceptional organization are more sensitive with the interpersonal relationship, and they response the working environment with positive and active attitudes. 3-4 The perception of silence and waiting: Employees can sense that organization behaves in the same way in terms of policies and operations; they have a concept that ¡§Silence is gold¡¨. 4. In ¡§slow¡¨ type, the perception dimension of ¡§keeping silence and waiting for benefit¡¨ has a negative correlation with ¡§task performance¡¨; the perception dimension of ¡§the differences between policies and realities¡¨ has a negative correlation with ¡§affective commitment¡¨ and ¡§task performance¡¨. 5. In ¡§The perception of complies in public but opposes in private¡¨ type, the perception dimension of ¡§boss¡¦s and colleague¡¦s behaviors¡¨ has a positive correlation with ¡§continuance commitment¡¨, but has a negative correlation with ¡§contextual performance¡¨; the perception dimension of ¡§keeping silence and waiting for benefit¡¨ has a positive correlation with ¡§contextual performance¡¨. 6. In ¡§The percept of keen and action¡¨ type, the percept dimension of ¡§boss¡¦s and colleague¡¦s behaviors¡¨ has a negative correlation with ¡§affective commitment¡¨, but has a positive correlation with ¡§continuance commitment¡¨ and ¡§contextual performance¡¨. 7. In ¡§The perception of silence and waiting¡¨, the perception dimension of ¡§boss¡¦s and colleague¡¦s behaviors¡¨ has a negative correlation with ¡§normative commitment¡¨; the perception dimension of ¡§keeping silence and waiting for benefits¡¨ has a positive correlation with ¡§contextual performance¡¨; the perception dimension of ¡§the differences between policies and realities¡¨ has a negative correlation with ¡§affective commitment¡¨ and ¡§contextual performance¡¨.

The motivation of staff in higher education institutions, especially In Zimbabwe, has not received due attention over the years. This study investigated the factors affecting staff motivation at a Teachers' College in Zimbabwe. Staff perceptions of factors they found motivating and demotivating were established through the use of a qualitative methodology in which the semi-structured interview was used as the dominant method. Participant observation and the informal unstructured interview were employed in a complementary manner. The findings indicated that the factors respondents found motivating were those that tended to alleviate the needs for recognition, appreciation and self-actualisation. Demotivating factors included management policy and style, decision-making procedures and administration. The findings are discussed in the context of some dominant theories of motivation and recommendations are made regarding strategies to be used and what further research can be undertaken to address the problem.

The purpose of this study was to determine managers' perceptions of the relationship between spirituality and work performance. The sample consisted of twelve senior managers from different organisations. Semi structured interviews were used to gather the data. The data was qualitatively analysed and themes were identified. The findings indicated that spirituality promotes the healthy development of individuals by assisting with their own self-awareness, helping them find inner peace and dealing with stress and depression. Respondents also felt that spirituality enhances teamwork and redefines the concept of success in terms of engaging in competition, having unselfish motives and encouraging honesty. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for practice and for future research. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

Emotionell intelligens har studerats under flertalet år, i olika länder, och har definierats på olika sätt. Egenskapen emotionell intelligens består av fyra dimensioner; emotionality, self-control, well-being och sociability, och mäts genom mätinstrumentet TEIQue-SF. TEIQue-SF har uppnått god validitet som mätverktyg på olika språk, och valideras för första gången på svenska genom denna studie. Tidigare forskning har uppvisat flertalet samband mellan egenskapen emotionell intelligens (EI), personlighet och arbetsprestation. Dessa tillsammans har dock inte undersökts i Sverige. Syftet med att genomföra denna studie var att undersöka sambanden mellan Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQ-SF), Mini-International Personality Inventory Pool-6 (Mini-IPIP6), Short Dark Triad (SD3) och Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) ytterligare, samt att ta reda på vilka personlighetsdrag och dimensioner inom självupplevd individuell arbetsprestation som bäst förklarar variansen inom TEIQue-SFs dimensioner. Studien genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie med 228 svenska deltagare (M = 34 år, SD = 12.6, range 16-71 år, 66% kvinnor) med genomsnittlig arbetslivserfarenhet på 14 år (SD = 11.5). Förväntat resultat var att neuroticism skulle korrelera negativt med TEIQue-SF fyra dimensioner, vilket uppnåddes även i denna studie. Positiva samband med Task performance och Contextual performance fanns mellan samtliga dimensioner av EI. Regressionsanalyser visade även att neuroticism hade negativt samband vid förklaring av varians i samtliga dimensioner tillhörande TEIQue-SF. En preliminär slutsats är att TEIQue-SF visat på teoretiskt och empiriskt rimliga samband med relevanta variabler, och kan anses vara validerat bland yngre personer med relativt hög utbildningsnivå. / Emotional intelligence has been defined differently throughout studies for many years in several countries. The trait emotional intelligence consists of four dimensions; emotionality, self-control, well-being and sociability, and is measured by the TEIQue-SF measuring instrument. TEIQue-SF has achieved good validity as a measurement tool in different languages and is now validated in Swedish through this study. Previous research has shown liaisons between the emotional intelligence (EI), personality and work performance. However, these together have not been investigated in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQ-SF), Mini-International Personality nventory Pool-6 (Mini-IPIP6), Short Dark Triad (SD3) and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), and to find out which personality traits and dimensions within self-perceived individual work performance best explain the variance within TEIQue-SF dimensions. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with 228 Swedish participants (M = 34 years, SD = 12.6, range 16-71 years, 66% women) with an average work experience of 14 years (SD = 11.5). Expected result was that neuroticism would correlate negatively with TEIQue-SF four dimensions, which was also achieved in this study. Positive correlation with Task Performance and Contextual Performance was found between all dimensions of EI. Regression analysis also showed that neuroticism had a negative relation to explanation of variance in all imensions of TEIQue-SF. A preliminary conclusion is that TEIQue-SF has shown theoretical and empirically reasonable relation to relevant variables and can be considered validated among younger people with relatively high educational levels.

The main aim of diploma thesis, which called Influence of stress on work performance in selected companies, is to explore stress factors in the workplace and their influence on work performance. In the theoretical part of this thesis were summarized issues of stress, symptoms of stress, stress and healthy, types of stressors, stress factors in the workplace, stress management, work performance and pathological situations in the workplace, such as bossing, mobbing and sexual harassment.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Die primere doelstellings van die navorsing is om die verband tussen persoonlikheid en toesighouersukses te bepaal. Persoonlikheid is deur die 16-Persoonlikheidsfaktorvraelys ( 16PF) en toesighouersukses deur 'n prestasiebeoordelingstelsel gemeet. 'n Literatuurstudie van persoonlikheidsteoriee en vorige navorsing is gebruik om die verwantskap tussen persoonlikheid en werksukses te verifieer en die navorsingsbehoefte aan te dui. Die steekproef is 74 toesighouers, hoofsaaklik blanke mans, by 'n fabriek van 'n suiwelvervaardigingsmaatskappy. Die verwantskap tussen die 16PF-resultate en toesighouersukses is statisties deur Pearson en Spearman se Produkmomentkorrelasiemetode, Standaard en Stapsgewyse meervoudige regressie en T-toetse vir onafhanklike groepe bepaal. Die resultate toon dat slegs faktore B, C, L, 0, Q4 en die tweedeordefaktor QII van die 16PF 'n beduidende verband met toesighouersukses het. Dit is bevind dat ouderdom, ondervinding en kwalifikasie nie die verwantskap tussen persoonlikheid en toesighouersukses be'invloed nie. Hoewel hierdie bevindinge nie veralgemeen kan word nie, moet persoonlikheid wel deeglik by die evaluering van personeel, byvoorbeeld in seleksie, oorweeg word. / The aim of the research is to establish the relationship between personality and supervisor success. Personality was measured with the 16-Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and supervisor success through a performance measuring system. A literature study was done to verify the relationship between personality and work success. The sample consisted of 74 supervisors, mainly white males, working at a dairy factory. The relationship between the 16PF results and supervisor success has been statistically established through Pearson and Spearman's Product-moment correlation method, standard and stepwise multiple regression analysis and T-tests for independent groups. The results show that factors B, C, L, 0, Q4 and the second order factor QII of the 16PF has a meaningful relationship with supervisor success. It was found that age, qualifications and experience do not influence the relationship between personality and supervisor success. The findings cannot be generalized but personality can be taken into consideration when evaluating employees, for example in selection. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Bedryfsielkunde)

The first objective of this research was to investigate the predictive validity of the learning potential as measured by Ability, Processing of Information and Learning Potential Short Version (APIL SV) in predicting work performance. The second objective was to investigate the predictive validity of personality as measured by the Occupational Personality Questionnaire Ipsative (OPQ32i) in predicting work performance. The sample consisted of 104 employees of a public sector department. Learning potential and personality were the predictor/independent variables; work performance as measured by supervisory rating was the only criterion/dependent variable of the study. The results revealed that both the APIL SV and the OPQ 32i dimensions did not correlate significantly with work performance as measured by supervisor rating. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Inom den kommunala revisionen samarbetar förtroendevalda och externa revisorer för att tillsammans genomföra en granskning av kommunens räkenskaper och förvaltning. Kommunfullmäktige utser politiskt utvalda förtroendevalda revisorer och de ska enligt kommunallagen biträdas av externa revisorer för att kunna fullgöra sitt uppdrag utifrån god revisionssed. Majoriteten av kommunerna i Skåne väljer att upphandla en extern revisionsbyrå på marknaden, där PwC, KPMG samt EY tillhörande the Big 4 konkurrerar om att bli upphandlade. Relationen mellan de externa och förtroendevalda revisorerna är outforskad och syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka relationen mellan de förtroendevalda revisorerna och de externa revisorerna, och vidare granska hur samarbetet fungerar och för vem revisionen skapar värde.   Tre kommuner i Skåne har medverkat i uppsatsen där tre förtroendevalda samt fyra externa revisorer från kommunernas upphandlade revisionsbyrå intervjuats. Utifrån studiens empiriska material har tre aspekter av relationen identifierats: relationens uppkomst, relationens utformning samt relationens slutliga framställning. Relationen uppstår efter en upphandlingsprocess där relationens utformning bland annat influeras av de fem elementen reliance, competence, independence, earlier work performancesamt trust. De förtroendevalda revisorerna måste uppleva en tillit till det arbete som de externa revisorerna utför eftersom de externa framställer underlag, rapporter och revisionsberättelsen åt de förtroendevaldas vägnar. Competence, independence, earlier work performancehar en inverkan på graden av upplevd relianceoch trustär ett element som är av stor vikt för ett effektivt samarbete och revisionskvalitén. Relationens slutliga framställning är en revisionsberättelse som är tänkt att bidra som underlag till kommunfullmäktige och skapa värde för allmänheten. / The municipal audit system in Sweden consists of political appointed and external auditors that together audit the municipality's accounts and management. The municipal council elects politically appointed auditors, which are assisted by external auditors in order to fulfill their assignment according to the Swedish municipal law. The majority of the municipalities acquire external auditors from PwC, KPMG or EY. The relationship between the political and the external auditors is unexplored and the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between the political and the external auditors, and examine how the cooperation works and to whom the audit system creates value for.  Three political auditors and four external auditors from three municipalities were interviewed. Based on the empirical material, three aspects of the relationship have been identified: the origin of the relation, the relationship's configuration and the relationship's final output. The relationship begins when the municipality selects an external audit firm. The relationship's configuration is influenced by five elements: reliance, competence, independence, earlier work performance and trust. The political auditors experience a high level of confidence in the work made by the external auditors, as the external auditors construct the audit reports on behalf of the political auditors. Competence, independence and earlier work performance have an impact on the extent of reliance and trust is of great importance for an effective collaboration. The output of the relationship is an audit report that is intended to be of value for both the council and the public.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to develop a model that analyzes the influences of organizational values on organizational commitment, entrenchment and consent, as antecedent variable, and work performance, as a consequent variable. In order to reach the goal outlined, a research of an exploratory and conclusive descriptive and explanatory nature was carried out, using a mixed, quantitative and qualitative approach. Thus, the research was structured and two phases: phase I - quantitative and phase II - qualitative. In the first phase, the data were collected from the application of a closed questionnaire, which integrated questions related to commitment, entrenchment and consent, organizational values and work performance. For the quantitative data, the data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling technique. In the second phase, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the managers. The analysis of the qualitative data was carried out using the technique of content analysis. The results allowed to identify which systems of different values determine the establishment of each organizational ties, and a larger set of values is understood by the managers as associated to the commitment ties. When testing the influences between the constructs, it was verified that the dimensions concern with the collectivity, autonomy, dominance and well-being are organizational values with power to explain, in parts, the tie of commitment. Yet, it has been observed that well-being is a predictor of the tie of entrenchment and the realization and mastery of consent. On the consequent, it was verified that the commitment and consent were able to explain the performance of the individual in the work, being the entrenchment did not present significant relation of influence with this construct. The interviews allowed to indicate that the performance of the compromised individual is considerably different from the type of performance triggered by entrenched or consenting workers. It was observed that the concept of what is a "good worker" resembles characteristics that explain the notion of the tie of commitment. The denominations assigned by managers for each ties reveal an active sense for the characteristics of being compromised, a pejorative sense for being entrenched, and a passive sense for consent. It is hoped that the results of this study contribute to the progress of the theoretical and conceptual design of the different ties developed by the worker with his organization. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um modelo que analise as influências dos valores organizacionais nos vínculos de comprometimento, entrincheiramento e consentimento organizacionais, como variável antecedente e o desempenho no trabalho, como variável consequente. Para alcançar o objetivo traçado, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória e conclusiva descritiva e explicativa, com o emprego de abordagem de métodos mistos, quantitativos e qualitativos. Assim, a pesquisa foi estruturada e duas fases: fase I – quantitativa e fase II – qualitativa. Na primeira fase, os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário de pesquisa fechado, que integrou questões referentes aos vínculos de comprometimento, entrincheiramento e consentimento organizacionais, valores organizacionais e desempenho no trabalho. Para os dados quantitativos, a análise de dados foi operacionalizada por meio da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Na segunda fase, os dados foram coletados por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi realizada com o emprego da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados permitiram identificar que sistemas de valores distintos determinam o estabelecimento de cada vínculo organizacional, sendo que um conjunto maior de valores é compreendido pelos gestores como associado ao vínculo de comprometimento. Ao testar as influências entres os construtos, verificou-se que as dimensões preocupação com a coletividade, autonomia, domínio e bem-estar são valores organizacionais com poder para explicar, em partes, o vínculo de comprometimento. Ainda, observou-se que o bem-estar é um preditor do vínculo de entrincheiramento e a realização e o domínio do consentimento. Sobre os consequentes, verificou-se que o comprometimento e consentimento conseguiram explicar o desempenho do indivíduo no trabalho, sendo que o entrincheiramento não apresentou relação de influência significante com este construto. A realização das entrevistas permitiu apontar que o desempenho do indivíduo comprometido se distingue consideravelmente do tipo de desempenho desencadeado por trabalhadores entrincheirados ou consentidos. Observou-se que o conceito do que é um “bom trabalhador” assemelha-se com características que explicam a noção do vínculo de comprometimento. As denominações atribuídas pelos gestores para cada vínculo, revelam um sentido ativo para as características de estar comprometido, um sentido pejorativo para estar entrincheirado e um sentido passivo para estar consentido. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para o progresso do delineamento teórico e conceitual dos diferentes vínculos desenvolvidos pelo trabalhador com a sua organização.