This study was using a cross-level research framework and analysis of strategy to search the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention in non-financial sector and financial sector, and the effect in work pressure and the turnover intention. This research was using the method of questionaire survey with hierarchical linear model analysis, reliability analysis and factor analysis. Analysis shows¡G 1.The higher job satisfaction, the lower turnover intention. 2.The higher work pressure, the higher turnover intention. 3. Industry category has mediating effects between job satisfaction and tornover intention. 4. Industry category does not have mediating effects between work pressure and tornover intention. According to the results of research, providing business managers in different industry category to increase employees¡¦ job satisfaction to decrease turnover intention,and turnover behavior will reduce.

Land Survey Bureau, Ministry of Interior is mainly in charge of planning and execution of national cadastral maps, assessment commissioned by judicial and prosecutorial institutes, and inspection on disputes of survey and drawing, etc. The nature of work is external survey. Jobs of surveyors vary on different locations of survey plans and cannot be fixed. Moreover, cadastral maps making by surveyors has a significant influence on the interests of people. In the past years, public voices are getting higher and higher and people have higher demands on service quality of civil servants, brining more pressure to civil servants who want to change jobs as a result. To find out the factors affecting pressure of surveyors and the seriousness of pressure in order to understand surveyors¡¦ tendency to change jobs will not only help improvement of individual work and life but also helps organization development and human resource management. The study targets the Land Survey Bureau and surveyors of the six Survey Teams and is made in questionnaires. A total of 570 copies are issued with 400 valid ones collected and analyzed in SPSS. To begin, descriptive statistics are used to analyze basic data characteristics of the variables. One-way ANOVA is then used to examine distinctive differences on work pressure, work satisfaction and career change tendency of different demographic statistics. Relevant analysis and level regression analysis are adopted to discuss between relevancy of variables and whether there are distinctive influences. The results are: 1.Partial constructs of work pressure, work satisfaction and career change tendency pose distinctive differences from partial demographic statistics. 2.Work pressure has significant negative relevancy with work satisfaction; work pressure has significant positive relevancy with career change tendency; work satisfaction has significant negative relevancy with career change tendency. 3.Work pressure show substantial negative influence over work satisfaction. 4.¡§Social work satisfaction,¡¨ ¡§sense of achievement in work,¡¨ ¡§work remuneration¡¨ and ¡§department transference¡¨ in work satisfaction have negative influence over ¡§leaving public office.¡¨ ¡§Sense of achievement in work,¡¨ ¡§work remuneration¡¨ and ¡§development of work¡¨ have negative influence over ¡§leaving office.¡¨ ¡§Social work satisfaction,¡¨ ¡§sense of achievement in work,¡¨ and ¡§development of work¡¨ have negative influence over ¡§leaving current professional field.¡¨ 5.¡§Working conditions,¡¨ ¡§role conflict¡¨ and ¡§work performance¡¨ of work pressure have significant positive influence over career change tendency. ¡§Working conditions,¡¨ and ¡§role conflict¡¨ have significant positive influence over ¡§leaving public office.¡¨ ¡§Role conflict¡¨ and ¡§work performance¡¨ have significant positive influence over ¡§departing from current professional occupation.¡¨ 6.¡§Role conflict¡¨ and ¡§work performance¡¨ of work pressure pose indirect positive influences over career change tendency through work satisfaction as the intermediary variable.

The subject of this research is the investigation officials from eight different regions. With convenience sampling, data are collected through questionnaire survey. Individual variable is set as independent variable, and the quality of work life, work pressure and job satisfaction are set as dependent variables. Differences and correlation are explored within each variable. Next, the quality of work life is set as mediator variable to investigate the mediator effect and the paths of relations on the dependent variables of work pressure and job satisfaction. The total number of 231 copies of effective questionnaires is collected. The return rate is 68.69%. Data are analyzed with descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation and canonical correlation analysis. The research reaches several significant conclusions: 1. The officials hold positive opinions toward their working quality. Result also shows that factors of marital status, age, years of working, and job position may cause obvious differences. 2. The officials¡¦ general work pressure reveals the fact of acceptable pressure. The region of service, job position and job duty are the factors that cause different levels of work pressure. 3. The officials¡¦ job satisfaction shows that officials are generally pleased with their works. Differences can be found in marital status, age, years of working and education level. 4. The officials¡¦ quality of work life and work pressure are partially related. 5. The officials¡¦ quality of work life and job satisfaction are partially related. 6. The officials¡¦ work pressure and job satisfaction have partial correlation. 7. The officials¡¦ quality of work life has partial effect on work pressure and job satisfaction. With practical investigation and relevant literature review, this research also advances suggestions for the Bureau of Investigation and its supervising department, officials, and other researchers as the reference for future implementation of management.

The main purpose of this study is to understand work values, work pressure and organizational commitment on elementary school¡¦s directors of general affairs in Kaohsiung City and County, and to explore the correlation between these three. First of all, to collect information on the work values, work pressure and organizational commitment. Second, based on the literature review, to summarize the results of analysis for this study, and to construct the main and suitable dimensions for this study and the study will be the development of research tools as a reference and theoretical basis. Furthermore, to propose the research framework, research hypotheses and the pre-test questionnaire which the preparation of this study was developed research tools ¡§ A questionnaire on the study of the relationship among work values, work pressure, and organizational commitment on elementary school¡¦s directors of general affairs in Kaohsiung City and County.¡¨ The directors of general affairs totally have 237 people for the research object. The valid questionnaires are 230, and the response rate of valid questionnaires is 97.45%. After removing invalid questionnaires, the valid samples count 225 and the response rate of valid questionnaires is 95.34%. After collecting questionnaires, the researcher analyzes the data with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way MANOVA, K.Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation, canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression and discusses the results of the research. The study is conducted the following suggestions. A. For education authorities a. Promoting directors¡¦ work values is to strengthen the directors¡¦ commitment to the organization. (a) Conducting various continuing curriculum, the directors¡¦ work values will be enhanced. (b) Providing a perfect system, the directors will obtain the opportunity of self-growth. (c) Encouraging directors to engage healthy leisure activities, the directors will obtain the physical and mental health. b. Reducing work pressure is to strengthen the directors¡¦ commitment to the organization. (a) Expanding the organization of the leaders of general affairs is to reduce directors¡¦ workload. (b) Commissioning others to conduct major projects is to reduce directors¡¦ workload. (c) Conducting professional curriculum is to enhance directors¡¦ professional ability. B. For principals a. Constructing a common prospect is to promote directors¡¦ work values. b. Molding the good interpersonal relationship and a sense of organization security is to increase directors' organizational commitment. c. Setting the reasonable goals is to reduce directors¡¦ work pressure. C. For directors of general affairs a. Actively participated in continuing education and promoting the self-work values are to reduce work pressure. b. Increasing good interpersonal relationships and promoting self-work values are to reduce work pressure. c. Establishing a good partnership is to reduce work pressure. d. Appropriate and adequate physical recreation is to have a physical and mental healthy. D. For the future study, the researcher makes recommendations to research objects, research variables, and research methods.

Research purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of work pressure on work-family conflict as reported by South African academic research. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of employees working in gendered industries on the association between work pressure and work-family conflict. Motivation for study There is currently no meta-analytic study employing just South African samples to investigate work-family conflict As researchers are often confronted with conflicting findings from different studies, this study aims to make sense of work-family conflict in South Africa by reporting on its current status using all available published literature. Research design, approach and methods This study followed a meta-analytic approach in order to investigate the current state of work-family conflict in South Africa according to the published quantitative academic literature. As such, correlations between sources of work pressure and work-family conflict reported in articles were used in order to calculate overall estimations of the association between work pressure, industry, and work-family conflict. Main findings Results indicate that various sources of work pressure, as well as overall work pressure, are positively associated with work-family conflict. Regarding industry, results indicate that the industry, that is, whether industries are numerically male- or female-dominated, moderates the association between work pressure and workfamily conflict in such a way that employees in male-dominated industries experience increased work-family conflict compared to employees in femaledominated industries. Limitations Results should be interpreted bearing in mind that the types of industries in which samples were collected were very limited, and as such, results might not be applicable to all male- or female-dominated industries in South Africa. Also impinging on the true nature of the work-family conflict relationship with work pressure and industry, is the limited number of articles included in the study because there are a limited number of published studies which have been conducted in South Africa. Lastly, the manner in which samples were categorised as male- or femaledominated does not guarantee a masculine or feminine culture within those organisations respectively. Future research It is suggested that similar studies regarding work-family conflict and industry conducted in the future categorise industries as male- or female-dominated according to the nature of the cultures in those organisations--either masculine or feminine. Classifying organisations as male- or female-dominated in this manner should provide more representative results of the true nature of the association between work-family conflict and industry. Researchers should also try to obtain a more representative sample of male- and female-dominated industries in order to make the results applicable to a wider range of sectors. Conclusion Insight was given into the current nature of work-family conflict in South Africa as reported by the available published academic literature. The association between work pressure, industry, and work-family conflict is reported. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / tm2016 / Human Resource Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera mellanchefers upplevelse kring press i sin arbetsroll- från såväl ledning som medarbetare. Studien besvarar två frågeställningar; (1) Hur upplever mellanchefer den press som ställs på dem från ledning samt medarbetare? (2) Hur kan mellanchefer hantera den upplevda pressen från ledning samt medarbetare? Den kvalitativa studiens syfte har besvarats genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med mellanchefer från olika branscher samt olika städer inom Sveriges gränser. Det empiriska materialet har tematiserats och analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom området, samt Job-demands resources modellen (JD-R). Resultatet visar att arbetsrollen mellanchef är mycket komplex och innebär mer jobb än vad som står i arbetsbeskrivningen, då det “osynliga” arbetet är av stor karaktär. Det finns ett enormt behov av stöd som främjar arbetet och låter mellanchefer hantera pressen, vilket inte erbjuds om inte individen ber om det. Andra kollegor och mellanchefer omkring sig som finns till hand för diskussion och “bollplank” underlättar också arbetssituationen. / The study aims to examine and analyze middle managers' experience of pressure in their work role - from both management and employees. The study answers two questions; (1) How do middle managers experience the pressure placed on them from management and employees? (2) How can middle managers handle the perceived pressure from management and employees? The purpose of the qualitative study has been answered through six semi-structured interviews with middle managers from different industries and different cities within Swedish borders. The empirical material has been thematized and analyzed with the help of previous research in the field, as well as the Job-demands resources model (JD-R). The results show that the work role of middle manager is very complex and involves more work than what is stated in the job description, as the “invisible” work is of a great nature. There is a huge need for support that promotes the work and allows middle managers to handle the press, which is not offered unless the individual asks for it. Other colleagues and middle managers around him who are on hand for discussion and sounding boards also facilitate the work situation.

警察因具有執法者的特殊角色，一直都被認為是一個富有挑戰性，且具高度危險與壓力的職業；另因背負太多的社會期待與情感包袱，易發生工作與家庭生活間多種角色的衝突。當個人表現不如預期或遭受挫折時，無法承擔壓力的員警便可能產生厭世的念頭。內政部警政署九十三年的統計資料顯示，最近十年來，警察自殺人數高達六十九人，官階從一線三星至二線四星分局長皆有，遠比緝捕匪徒因公殉職者之人數還多；而警察自殺不僅僅造成其個人家庭的破碎，更是社會、國家的一大損失。 基此，本研究旨在瞭解警察人員工作壓力與家庭生活間之相互影響因素與程度，冀能提供警察紓壓方法，以增加渠等「內控能力」及外控社會支持，創造個人、家庭與組織的三贏。 除文獻回顧外，本研究採取了問卷調查、焦點團體座談等資料收集方法，經由次數分配、卡方檢定等分析方法，發現警察普遍認為績效的要求是最主要的工作壓力源；其次為主管領導風格以及工作時間過長。不同工作類型之警察，工作壓力的感受程度也不同；其中以刑事警察的工作壓力最大、交通警察次之，行政警察再次之。在生活壓力源中，家人相處時間太少，最普遍困擾著員警。當警察人員處於高工作壓力時，其對家庭造成之衝擊也愈大。整體而言，婦幼警察、少年警察對工作及家庭兩方面的總體生活滿意度較高；刑事警察與交通警察之滿意度則較低。至於不同世代之警察，對工作及家庭壓力之感受並無明顯差異，唯在績效要求方面則呈現出年齡愈高的警察，有感受工作危險情境也愈高、擔心自己的健康、認為主管以授權型領導型態居多、工作上如遇到關說請託則交給上級長官來處理之差異外，不同官階的警察在工作與家庭之總體生活滿意度方面，一線四星以下的基層警察不滿意的比率明顯有高於二線一星以上警官之態勢，顯示科層式的警察體系結構仍有許多待改進之處。 為減輕員警工作與家庭雙方面的壓力，本研究建議採取：（一）、強化警察養成教育，施予壓力紓解的教育與訓練，增加「內控能力」。（二）、合理調配員警工作時間，使其有充分的休息與休閒。（三）、常態合理化治安績效要求。（四）、簡化警察業務，並以治安及交通二大工作為主。（五）、推動「員警協助方案」等諸項措施，俾減輕工作與家庭帶給彼等的雙重壓力。 / The policemen, assuming a special role of legal execution, have been expected to practice relatively formidable challenging tasks, thus carrying extremely dangerous and heavy work load. As such, they often confront with conflicts between public interests and personal benefits, struggle against proper roles in society and at home. Under unbearable pressures, some police, would therefore even think about committing suicide. Statistics released from the National Police Agency of Ministry of Internal Affairs 2004 indicated that the total number of policemen who have committed suicide within the last decade has reached that of 69 (ranking from one-stripe three-star to two-stripe four-star officers), outnumbering those who were killed during the fights with bandits. Their suicide has brought tremendous loss not only to their own families, but also to the society and nation as a whole. It is in this vein that this study, intends to firstly understand how and to what extent that police’s work pressure and family life interfere with each other, and secondly tries to find ways and means to reduce the police pressure both from work and family. It is hoped that through strengthening the policemen personal adjustment capability and supporting mechanism from the society, triple wins for individual, family and organization can be reached. Through literature review, survey questionnaire and focus group data collection and analysis, it is found that the performance requirements, boss’ leadership style and extreme long working hours compose the three major work pressures for policemen. Besides, Work pressures do vary according to different kinds of police; in general, criminal police experiences the highest work pressure, followed by traffic police and the administrative police. As to life pressures, too little time that could spare to their family is sensed as the major source for pressure. In addition, the higher work pressure the police suffer, the greater impact on their family. Police in charge of women and children and juvenile affairs find comparatively greater satisfaction with their job and family. Contrarily, criminal police and traffic police find quite low satisfaction. Though there exists no obvious different feelings toward work pressure and family pressure among policemen of different ages; the elder police, nevertheless, tend to be more sensitive about the danger of their work and worried more about their own health. With regard to the performance requirements, the elder policemen have commented that most supervisors have exercised their authoritative power on their subordinates. Moreover, the grass root policemen below one-stripe four-star seem to be least satisfied than those police officers above the two-stripe one-star. It implies that improvements should be made as to the police bureaucratic system. In order to reduce the policemen’s pressure from both work and family, the following measures have been recommended by the study: （1）. Provide the policemen with intensive training of how to relieve pressures so as to improve their self-control capability; （2）. Properly readjust policemen working module so as to ensure that they have enough time to rest and recreate; （3）. Develop reasonable performance requirements; （4）. Simplify policemen’s work responsibilities, with focus on the two tasks -- public security and traffic mainly; （5）. Promote “mutual assistance programs” in order to effectively solve and prevent potential problems.

工作壓力迄今已然成為現代人壓力的主要來源，尤以警察工作性質特殊，在執法過程中，經常面臨緊張的壓力情境，諸多研究及案例報導均已證實，長期累積的工作壓力對於警察人員負面影響至鉅，如何從生活適應層面去調節工作壓力，為值得深入探究之議題。 因此，本研究旨在探討警察主管工作壓力與工作、家庭及休閒生活適應之情形。在方法上，採用深度訪談法，選取新北市政府警察局12位現職男性警察主管進行訪談。 經由訪談結果分析，警察主管在工作壓力與工作、家庭、休閒生活適應等面向之情形，發現如下： （一）主管工作，壓力來源多元：績效要求、內部管理、民代關說、媒體報導及為民服務等，為警察主管感受甚深的壓力來源。 （二）工作壓力，身心負荷至鉅：睡眠品質不良、焦慮、情緒緊張及愧疚感等，顯見工作壓力對警察主管身心產生莫大的影響。 （三）工作績效，有賴團隊合作：警察主管於公幫助同仁解決工作問題，於私舉辦聚會活動，使整體士氣高昂，共創工作績效。 （四）遇有困境，調整心態適應：身處逆境之際，多數警察主管都能轉換心態，適應環境的轉變，或以退為進，蓄積實力。 （五）工作努力，也要兼顧家庭：警察主管雖戮力從公，也多能把握時間經營自己的家庭生活，以彌補平時對家庭照顧的不足。 （六）家人支持，最佳舒緩作用：家人的支持，對警察主管而言，在調節工作壓力及面對工作挑戰，提供了最佳的舒緩作用。 （七）休閒阻礙，常因公務牽絆：警察主管因工作繁重、輪班制度、掛心公事、以及意志不堅等，導致無法專心或參與休閒活動。 （八）從事休閒，達到紓壓效果：警察主管透過休閒活動參與，達到放鬆身心，紓解壓力的效果。 最後，依據本研究發現提出幾項建議：（一）與時俱進，檢討績效評比；（二）固守本業，回歸主要任務；（三）新血招募，增加心理測驗；（四）在職訓練，活絡講習內容；（五）系統規劃，講求工作效率；（六）各種活動，邀請眷屬參加；（七）薪資加給，視情酌予提升；（八）休閒參與，抒解工作壓力；（九）發揮創意，改造工作環境。 / Nowadays, work pressure has become the main pressure source for people in modern times, especially for police supervisors due to their special job nature. During the on-duty process, they are often faced with tense situation. It has been verified by many researches and case reports that long-term accumulated work pressure may make a great negative influence on the police supervisors. Therefore, how to adjust work pressure from life adaptation is a subject worthy of in-depth exploration. The study is aimed at discussing the situation of police supervisors’ work pressure, work, family and leisure life adaptation. Taking in-depth interview method, it interviewed 12 male police supervisors in service in the New Taipei City Police Department. It is found from the interview result analysis that the situation of the police supervisors’ work pressure, work, family and leisure life adaptation are shown as follows: 1. For the work of supervisors, the pressure sources are diverse: performance requirement, internal management, lobbying activities, media reports and service for people are the main pressure sources of police supervisors. 2. Heavy mental and physical load caused by work pressure: poor sleep quality, anxiety, intense emotion and sense of guilt. It indicates the work pressure can make big influence on police supervisors’ mind and body. 3. Work performance depends on teamwork. Publicly, police supervisors can help colleagues deal with work problems. Privately, they hold a party to improve the whole morale and create work performance together. 4. Adjust mentality adaptation in trouble: When in trouble, most police supervisors can change their mentality and adapt to the environment changes or retreat for the sake of advancing and accumulate strength. 5. Consider family while working hard: Though police supervisors make efforts on work, they should grasp time to manage their family life and make up their insufficient concern on family. 6. Family support has the best pressure relief effect. To police supervisors, family support can provide the best pressure relief effect in adjusting work pressure and facing work challenge. 7. Leisure disrupted by work: Police supervisors cannot focus on or participate in leisure activities because of busy work, job rotation, concern about work and weak determination, etc. 8. Relieve pressure by leisure: Police supervisors participate in leisure activities to relax mentally and physically and relieve pressure. Finally, the study proposes some suggestions based on the research findings: 1. advance with the times and review performance appraisal; 2. hold fast to the work and go back to the major task; 3. recruit new blood and add psychological test; 4. in-service training and lecture content diversification; 5. systematical planning and emphasis on efficiency; 6. invite family dependants to take part in various activities; 7. proper salary raise and promotion; 8. leisure participation for work pressure relief; 9. develop creativity and change work environment.

晚婚人口的增加，影響所及最顯著的就是生育率的降低。所以晚婚現象不單單只是男女兩性的問題，也衍生出人口結構面及政府社會福利與相關政策制定等的問題。而晚婚現象也充斥著各行各業，以國內金融業為例，金融業的員工往往以女性為大宗，而在男性寥寥可數的工作環境下，容易造成金融業女性想要內銷不易；再加上工作時間過長、工作壓力大，不容易自然認識到異性，若又不積極向外打開社交圈，單身的狀態更是難以突破，因此為一項值得深究的課題。 本研究採取質化研究的半結構式訪談法，訪問了12名已達30歲（含）以上而尚處於未婚狀態的女性金融從業人員，旨在探究晚婚女性金融人員的擇偶條件與婚姻態度，企圖統整出影響她們晚婚的因素。經分析訪談資料後，所得研究重要發現如下述： 一、結婚之必要性鬆動。婚姻是一種緣分，而結婚最重要的前提就是是否能尋得一位「值得託付終身的對象」，如果結婚沒有單身好，那麼就更沒有結婚的必要了！ 反而認為女孩子經濟獨立比較重要。 二、不一定只有結婚才算是盡子女的責任，不婚有時反而有更多的時間可以陪伴家人，進而孝順自己的父母親，為自己的原生家庭盡一份力量，讓父母們能夠放寬心，也是另一種盡子女的責任，而且長輩也不希望子女是為了結婚而結婚。 三、結婚也不一定要生小孩。生不生小孩應該是要在夫妻雙方都有穩定的經濟基礎及規劃下，再來慎重考慮之後做決定，此也正可呼應為何現在我國的生育率如此低落。 四、不婚不等於晚年會孤獨。人本來就是孤獨的，有時候結婚有伴也不見得就比較不孤獨，況且可以排解孤獨的方式也有很多種，每個人都會變老，最重要的應該是要培養出自己的興趣。 五、工作環境、壓力多多少少對晚婚都有點影響。尤其是現今金融業面對國際化以及同行競爭，處在此種競爭激烈的工作環境下，工作壓力大、工時長，往往下班時就已經疲累到不行，假日時間可能又必須得準備證照考試來努力充實自己，有時忙到可能都沒有時間找對象，或者好好去經營一段感情，也會擔心有了家庭小孩後，該如何在工作跟家庭間做一個權衡。 六、而這些晚婚女性金融人員仍未結婚最主要的原因還是尚未找到一位「值得託付終身的對象」，在未找到合適的人之前，採取不要勉強自己，寧缺勿濫的態度。而且年紀越大，經歷過的事情越多，越能夠瞭解婚姻的現實面，對於結婚也就越沒有了衝動。 本研究並根據研究發現，提出以下建議： 一、如果有結婚的意願及打算，就應該要積極準備，拓展人際關係，不要為自己設限，能夠多元交友，不要再只是消極的隨緣等候緣分的到來。 二、釐清自己真正的需求，設定務實、適合自己的擇偶條件，而非執著於某些三高等的外在條件。 三、建議相關單位可多舉辦聯誼活動，提供多元交友管道，拓展認識異性之機會。 / The number of people getting married late has been increasing, and the most significant impact is the reduction in fertility. The phenomenon of people getting married late isn’t just a gender problem, but also causes different problems in demographic structure and government social welfare policy. And the phenomenon of late marriage filled various walks of life, for example in the domestic financial industry many of its employees are women but few men. Its long working hours and pressure cause women more difficult to find their ideal person. Therefore, this subject is worthy of inquiry. This study uses the qualitative methodology of semi structured interviews, to interview twelve female financial people who are over 30-year-old and unmarried. In this study I try to integrate the reasons that cause female financial people to get married late by observing their mate-selection preferences and marital values. After analyzing their interview data, the results of the research show the following key points: 1.The most important prerequisite to get married is to find an ideal person. If getting married is not better than single, then the marriage is no more necessary! 2.Marriage is not only being regarded as filial piety anymore. Unmarried people can have more time to accompany with their family and their elders hope their children do not marry just to marry. 3.Getting married doesn’t have to have children. A decision to having children should be at a stable economic base and after careful consideration. This is also why our fertility rate is so low. 4.Not married doesn’t mean you will be lonely when you are old. Everyone will get older, the most important thing is you should cultivate your own interests. 5.Working environment and pressure have little influence on the late marriage. Especially the financial sector now faces the international competition. Such a competitive environment, work pressure, and long working hours make them not have time to find their ideal person or to manage a relationship. 6.And the main reason that female financial people getting married late is not found an ideal person and they don’t want to force themselves. This study also offers the following suggestions: 1.Make a plan for life earlier and expand interpersonal relationships actively. Don’t set limits for yourself and keep passive attitudes toward marriage. 2.Define their own needs and pragmatic conditions for their future partners. 3.I recommend the coherent units to hold more gatherings cross organizations. Provide civil servants multi-dimensional channels to make friends and expand opportunities to know friends of opposite sex.

一個組織行政人員穩定性關係著組織效能的良窳，因此教師兼行政人員的穩定性以及離職情形對學校效能有著重大的影響，再加上工作壓力及工作滿意與離職與否息息相關，因此本研究旨在探究目前桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員行政職務平均任期以及教師兼行政人員工作壓力、工作滿意和離職傾向的關係。最後作出結論和建議供教育行政機關、學校行政主管、教師兼行政人員及未來相關研究之參考。 本研究調查表資料以桃園縣89學年度（含）以前成立之國民中學進行普查，共計發出46份調查表，回收40份，回收率為87％，有效的調查表計33份，可用率為83％。問卷調查也以上述46所桃園縣國民中學之教師兼行政人員為資料分析對象，從桃園縣13鄉鎮市抽出33所國民中學之全部教師兼行政人員，抽取樣本共有463人，問卷回收433份，回收率為94％，有效問卷計410份，可用率為95％。在資料分析上，問卷調查資料主要用描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、典型相關分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析、多元及逐步迴歸分析、因素分析等方法。 本研究獲致以下結論： 一、桃園縣國民中學學校規模越大，教師兼行政人員平均任期越長，教師 兼行政人員離職率越低。 二、桃園縣國民中學學校歷史短，主任及組長的平均任期較長；學校歷史 短，組長平均任期較長。學校歷史長，主任及組長的離職率較高；學 校歷史長，組長離職率較高。 三、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員工作壓力感受屬於中等程度，以工作 負荷壓力最高；工作滿意感受屬於中等程度，以主管領導滿意最高； 離職傾向屬於中等程度。 四、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員在整體工作壓力感受上，30歲以下顯 著大於41歲-50歲、任教5年以下顯著大於任教16-25年、未婚顯著大 於已婚、訓導（學務）處組長顯著大於教務（教導）處主任、行政年 資5年以下顯著大於行政年資6-15年、設校50年以上顯著大於設校10- 20年、20-30年、30-40年及40-50年、研究所碩士以上顯著小於師 大、師院或大學教育系畢業及一般大學院校畢業。 五、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員在整體工作滿意感受上，51歲以上顯 著大於31歲-40歲、任教26年以上顯著大於任教5年以下及6-15年、學 校規模73班以上顯著大於13-36班、設校20-30年顯著高於設校10年以 下、30-40年、40-50年及50年以上。 六、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員的離職傾向，30歲以下顯著大於41 歲-50歲及51歲以上、任教5年以下顯著大於任教16-25年及26年以 上、未婚顯著大於已婚、教務（教導）處組長及訓導（學務）處組長 顯著大於輔導室主任、行政年資5年以下顯著大於行政年資6-15年、 學校規模13-36班及37-72班顯著大於73班以上。 七、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員整體工作壓力與離職傾向關係呈顯著 正相關。 八、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員整體工作滿意與離職傾向關係呈顯著 負相關。 九、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員整體工作滿意與整體工作壓力關係呈 負相關。 十、桃園縣國民中學教師兼行政人員工作壓力的角色衝突層面對離職傾向 最具預測力。 根據研究結論，本研究的建議如下： 一、辦理教師兼行政人員職前研習及輔導制度，適時給予鼓勵、獎勵及關 懷。 二、爭取經費改善學校環境設備。 三、同性質業務合併，減少不必要的公文。 四、適量地交辦工作，減少不必要的行政程序和規定。 五、鼓勵教師兼行政人員進修學位。 六、學習壓力調適，建立良好人際關係。 關鍵字：教師兼行政人員、工作壓力、工作滿意、離職傾向 / Administrative personnel have a critical impact to the overall success of the organization; therefore, the stability and turnover situation of those teachers who also perform administrative functions (referred as administrative teachers) is very important to the school itself. In addition, the work pressure and job satisfaction have close relationship to the turnover rate, so the goal of this dissertation is to study the correlations among those length of service, work pressure, job satisfaction and turnover frequency of these teachers. Also a set of conclusions and suggestions were proposed for future study reference for education administrations, school’s management board and those administrative teachers. The survey of this dissertation was distributed to those junior high schools established prior than YR2000; total of 46 copies were sent out and received 40 back (87% of return rate) with 33 sets of completions (83%).The survey population was based on those administrative teachers among those 46 schools; sampling size was 463 teachers with 433 returns (94%) and 410 effective results (95%).For the data analytical tools: descriptive statistics,T-test,one-way-ANOVA,canonical correlation,Pearson product-mo- ment correlation,multiple regression analysis,stepwise multiple regression analysis , factor analysis were utilized. The conclusions are as follows: I. The larger the size of Taoyuan junior high schools, the length of service (LOS) is longer for those administrative teachers, and the turnover rate is lower. II. With Taoyuan junior high schools’ history being not long, the LOS of Directors and Supervisors was longer. For older schools, the LOS of Supervisors is longer, but with higher turnover rate of Directors and Supervsiors. III. The pressure level of those administrative teachers is Medium and the work load pressure tends to be the highest. The job satisfaction is Medium, and the leadership satisfaction is the highest, while the turnover tendency tends to be Medium. IV. For the overall work pressure level of those administrative teachers: 30 yrs old > 41-50 yrs old; LOS under 5 yrs > 16-25 yrs; single > married; student affairs supervisor > academic affairs Director; administrative LOS under 5 yrs > 6-15 yrs; school history longer than 50 yrs > 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 yrs; master degree and above < university (college) degree V. For overall job satisfaction (for administrative teachers): age of 51 and above > 31-40; LOS greater than 26 yrs > 5/under and 6-15 yrs; school size 73 classes and more > 13-36 classes; school’s history with 20 to 30 yrs > 10 yrs and below, 30-40 yrs, 40-50 yrs, and 50 yrs above. VI. For overall turnover tendency: 30 yrs and below > 41-50 yrs old and above; LOS under 5 yrs > 16-25 and 26 yrs and above; single > married; academic affairs supervisors and student affairs supervisor > counseling director; administrative LOS under 5 yrs > 6-15 yrs; school size with 13-36 classes and 37-72 classes > 73 classes. VII. Overall work pressure and turnover tendency have a positive correlation. VIII. Overall job satisfaction and turnover tendency have a negative correlation. IX. Overall job satisfaction and overall work pressure have a negative correlation. X. The job role conflict situation could be used as an indictor of future turnover tendency. Based on the conclusions of the study, the suggestions of this dissertation are as follows: I. Set up training and counseling system for administrative teachers; provide sufficient encouragement, rewards and care. II. Apply for more funds to improve the overall school environment and facilities. III. Combine similar businesses to reduce unnecessary paperwork. IV. Set up appropriate job-assigning process to reduce administrative procedures. V. Encourage continuous learning (ex. pursuing for higher degree) VI. Learn to adjust pressure and to build up good communication skills. KEY WORDS: administrative teachers, work pressure, job satisfaction, turnover tendency