Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-24T11:01:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Ferreira dos Anjos - 2018.pdf: 4783820 bytes, checksum: 4be6a8717d4a44e3f68036d54f78fc44 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-24T11:03:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Ferreira dos Anjos - 2018.pdf: 4783820 bytes, checksum: 4be6a8717d4a44e3f68036d54f78fc44 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T11:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Ferreira dos Anjos - 2018.pdf: 4783820 bytes, checksum: 4be6a8717d4a44e3f68036d54f78fc44 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-03 / Adolescents and young people engage in risky sexual behavior, resulting in increased number of sexually transmitted infections, and maintaining high rates of pregnancy. PURPOSE. To evaluate the differences in sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics among sexually active and virgin participants; to estimate the prevalence and to identify factors associated with sexual iniciation up to age 15, and inconsistent condom use, and identify the reasons for not using condom among adolescents and young adults. METHODS. A community-based, cross-sectional study involving 1072 adolescents and young women, aged 15 to 24 years, living in three medium-sized cities in the state of Goiás, between 2007 and 2009. All of them answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and behavioral data. In order to evaluate the factors associated with sexual iniciation up to age 15, and inconsistent condom use, a logistic regression analysis was performed, with odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR, with 95% confidence interval and level of statistical significance of 5% (p <0.05). All of them signed the free and informed consent form. For minors under 18 years old the exemption of the parents' signature was obtained by court order. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. RESULTS. Of 1072, 64.9% were sexually active. Sexually active women were 6.3 (95% CI: 3.98-9.96) times more probability of being older than 19 years old, and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.19-3.49) times more probability of having schooling less than eight years. The prevalence of sexual iniciation up to age 15 was 46.4% (95% CI: 42.7-50.1) and inconsistent condom use was 73.2% (95% CI: 63.9% 82.6). The factors associated with sexual iniciation up to age 15 were age less than 19 years old, had no religion and had schooling less than eight years, with a OR of 3.13 (2.22-4.40), 2.05 (1.17-3.58) and 6.21 (4.14- 9.32) respectively. The only factor associated with inconsistent condom use was marital status or stable union, with OR 4.63 (2.86-7.50). The most frequently cited reasons for non-use of condom were "partner trust" by 49.8% and "partner dislikes" by 43.7%. CONCLUSION. The prevalence of sexual initiation up to age 15, and inconsistent condom use were high. The factors associated with these behaviors were different. Age less than 19 years old were associated with sexualiniciation up to 15, indicating a likely reduction in the age of sexual iniciation in adolescence. The most frequent reasons for not using condoms were related to the sexual partner, which indicates that gender factors need to be addressed in sex education strategies. / Adolescentes e jovens se envolvem em comportamento sexual de risco, o que resulta em aumento do número de casos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, e manutenção de altas taxas de gravidez. OBJETIVOS. Avaliar as diferenças nas características sociodemográficas e comportamentais entre as participantes sexualmente ativas e virgens; estimar a prevalência e identificar os fatores associados ao início da atividade sexual até os 15 anos e ao uso inconsistente do preservativo e identificar os motivos do não uso do preservativo masculino entre adolescentes e adultas jovens. METODOLOGIA. Estudo de base comunitária, transversal, envolvendo 1072 adolescentes e jovens do sexo feminino, de 15 a 24 anos, residentes em três cidades de médio portedo estado de Goiás, entre 2007 e 2009. Todas responderam um questionário contendo dados sociodemográficos e comportamentais. Para avaliar os fatores associados ao início da atividade sexual até os 15 anos e ao uso inconsistente do preservativo foi realizada análise de regressão logística, com cálculo de odds ratio (OR) e OR ajustado, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05). Todas assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Para menores de 18 anos a isenção da assinatura dos pais foi obtida por ordem judicial. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. RESULTADOS. Das 1072, 64,9% eram sexualmente ativas. As sexualmente ativas apresentaram 6,3 (IC 95%: 3,98-9,96) vezes maior probabilidade de terem idade acima de 19 anos, e 2,04 (IC 95%: 1,19-3,49) vezes maior probabilidade de terem escolaridade menor que oito anos. A prevalência do início da atividade sexual até os 15 anos foi de 46,4% (IC 95%: 42,7-50,1) e do uso inconsistente do preservativo foi de 73,2% (IC 95%: 63,9-82,6). Os fatores associados ao início da atividade sexual até os 15 anos foram a idade menor do que 19 anos, não possuir religião e ter escolaridade menor do que oito anos, com OR de 3,13 (IC 95%: 2,22-4,40), 2,05 (IC 95%: 1,17-3,58) e 6,21 (IC 95%: 4,14-9,32) respectivamente. O único fator associado ao uso inconsistente do preservativo foi o estado civil casada ou em união estável, com OR 4,63 (IC 95%: 2,86-7,50). Os motivos mais frequentemente citados para o não uso do preservativo foram a “confiança no parceiro” por 49,8% e “o parceiro não gosta” por 43,7%. CONCLUSÃO. A prevalência do início da atividade sexual até os 15 anos e do uso inconsistente do preservativo foram elevadas. Os fatores associados a esses comportamentos foram diferentes. A idade menor que 19 anos esteve associada à iniciação sexual até os 15, indicando provável redução da idade de iniciação sexual na adolescência. Os motivos mais frequentes para o não uso do preservativo foram ligados ao parceiro, o que indica que fatores ligados ao gênero precisam ser abordados nas estratégias de educação sexual.

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The present study examines social, demographic and behavioural factors that influence contraceptive use and method choice among young Namibian women. The study also explores ways to improve the accessibility of health facilities and family planning services for young women. The research is based on both quantitative and qualitative data provided by the 2000 Namibian Demographic and Health Survey and focus group discussions with young women (15-24 years) respectively. The data have been used to analyse the factors affecting contraceptive use and method choice among young women in Namibia. The logistic regression method has been applied to examine the determinants of contraceptive use and method choice. The study examines knowledge of contraceptive methods and sources of supply, decisions leading to contraceptive use and views about service delivery and the availability of contraceptive methods. The study reveals that whilst there is provision, the accessibility of existing reproductive health services for young women is poor in rural areas. There is a lack of support from parents, nurses, and the broader community. Part of the problem here is that older people are not fully aware of the sexual rights of young women, which leads to misunderstandings with regard to sexual and reproductive health issues. Nurses, especially in rural areas, are deemed to be judgmental and reluctant to provide contraceptives to young female scholars. Health facilities are also ranked by young women as user-unfriendly as most of them, as public spaces, lack confidentiality and privacy. These negative experiences of young women impact on their utilization of reproductive and health services and their use of contraceptives. Levels of contraceptive use among all age groups, including young women, in Namibia are still low. The choice of contraceptive method is restricted to injectables and to some extent, condoms. Uninformed and unsupportive parents are identified as major barriers to young women’s sexual health and their ability to use contraception consistently. Apart from this, individual use of contraception is greatly influenced by individual and community characteristics. The education level, marital status, number of children and work status are important individual factors affecting whether and what kind of contraception young women will use. Other issues related to the individual women concern whether she discusses family planning with her partner or parent, and whether she has access to the media and to health facilities. For example, findings from the multivariate analysis showed that increased education was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of using contraception. Unmarried young women were more likely to use condoms than married women. Higher condom use was also reported among young women of 15-19 years old than among 20-24 year olds. Furthermore, young women in urban areas had more positive attitudes towards using contraceptives, as well as more forthcoming friends and parents than those in the rural areas. The findings thus suggest that government strategies, which aim to increase the use of contraceptives amongst young women in Namibia, ought to enhance and improve parent-child communication, engage young women’s social networks, and seek to counteract negative assumptions of service providers who could potentially cater for a growing number of young women users and also make a range of choices available. / Thesis (DPhil(Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Sociology / DPhil / unrestricted

In this study the researcher explores the career adaptability needs of a young woman in Swaziland. The study is driven by the work of Hackett and Betz (1981) and the Career Counselling Approach of Savickas (1993, 1997,&2009). Hackett and Betz (1981) postulate that women’s career development is hindered largely as a result of socialization experiences. A number of academics and practitioners assert that career adaptability is a key competency for career success (Hartung; Hirschi, 2009; O’Connell, McNeely&Hall 2008), hence the focus in this study on career adaptability through a qualitative research approach employing a case study design. In a bid to yield an up to date and inclusive personality and career profile of the participant, the following data collection techniques were utilised: Career Adaptability Questionnaire, career-story interview, semi-structured follow-up interviews, Rothwell-Miller Interest Blank, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Career Interest Profile, Values Scales, observations and a researcher journal. The results were then be analysed and interpreted quantitatively and QUALITATIVELY. Swaziland has established her own rules based on widely accepted and held values, beliefs and meanings (Daly, 2001). These views, beliefs and meanings have a strong influence on women’s place in society and in the workplace. In fact, a number of interrelated factors influence the way in which Swazi women are treated in Swaziland. Given this long-standing heritage, Swazi society has become accustomed to male control and decision making over family, traditional and societal issues (Daly, 2001). The research includes recommendations for career counselling practice and training as well as research and policy development appropriate to the cultural context of Swaziland that in many respects typifies most developing Africa countries. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

No description available.

Dual method use, or the concurrent use of one contraceptive method to prevent pregnancy and another to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), is an ideal practice for young women but is underutilized. In a recent National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) study, 7.4% of women of reproductive age reported dual method use at last intercourse. In the same NSFG study, dual method use at last intercourse among women 15-20 years old was somewhat higher at 22.8%; still, this estimate indicates low utilization when compared to recent trends in the prevalence of single-contraceptive method use by young women. Apart from the NSFG and some smaller scale studies, there have been minimal efforts to explore dual method use in high-risk populations of young women such as college students. This is surprising, given that college students typically have more opportunities to be sexually active than other groups and often engage in serial monogamy or have multiple sexual partners during their college years. This study aimed to add to previous research on women’s health and contraception by assessing college women’s contraceptive use, including dual method use, and examining factors that influence contraceptive decision-making. Female students at ETSU were surveyed through the Department of Psychology research participation system from Oct 2017-Dec 2017. Students received class credit for survey completion. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS (Version 24.0). To be consistent with previous studies on health behaviors of college-aged women, the final dataset included only female college students between ages 18 and 25 (n=379). About one-fifth (21.1%) of women reported current dual method use. Of particular interest, only 30.5% of women who indicated sexual activity in the past six months also reported dual method use. Nevertheless, most women reported positive feelings about dual method use and indicated they would not find it hard to achieve dual method use; 69.1% reported feeling great or good about dual method use, and 74.5% indicated that it would not be hard to use condoms plus another form of birth control together correctly. Future efforts to study dual method use in college women should include close examination of subgroups who have yet to commit to dual method use but have positive attitudes and intentions regarding dual method use. Results of this study also indicate a need to implement educational and promotional strategies in college environments to better inform college-aged women about dual method use and its benefits.

No description available.

Den sexuella debuten sker i yngre åldrar än tidigare. Unga kvinnor har en riskfylld sexuell livsstil, aborttalen ökar liksom prevalensen av könssjukdomar. Detta får konsekvenser på den sexuella och reproduktiva hälsan. Studier visar att kvinnor och män anser att de ska ta ett delat ansvar för antikonception men ansvaret tas till största del av kvinnan. Antikonception behövs under många år relaterat till tidig sexualdebut och barnönskan sent i den fertila perioden. Syftet med studien är att belysa unga kvinnors värderingar och attityder gällande antikonception. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats har valts för studien där totalt 20 unga kvinnor intervjuats i tre fokusgrupper. Under analysen framkom ett tema: Antikonception är en komplex fråga för unga kvinnor att ta ställning till, omgärdad av osäkerhet på flera plan. Resultatet redovisas i fyra kategorier. Resultatet visar att den studerade gruppen använder antikonception främst i syfte att inte bli gravid och att lindra menstruationsbesvär. Antikonception används i låg grad som skydd mot könssjukdomar som ansågs som ett avlägset hot. De unga kvinnorna söker främst information om antikonception i samspel med vänner och på internet. Frågan om antikonception gör de unga kvinnorna osäkra och oroliga och de hittar olika strategier för att hantera detta. Resultatet har betydelse för de som arbetar med unga kvinnor för att förstå vilka attityder och värderingar de har till antikonception. Det är av vikt att fortsätta forskningen på området för att främja och öka den sexuella och reproduktiva hälsan hos befolkningen likväl som för att främja hållbar utveckling.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den mest förekommande cancerformen hos kvinnor i hela världen. Det är framförallt äldre kvinnor som drabbas, men en liten del av de drabbade är yngre kvinnor. Att vara en ung kvinna som är mitt uppe i familje- och karriärlivet innebär detta en stor tvärvändning i livet, då allt ifrån behandlingar till följd av biverkningar och många sjukhusbesök sätter hälsan i prövning. Upplevelsen av en förändrad kropp, stöd, att komma in i klimakteriet för tidigt och att drabbas av infertilitet bidrar med ett hav av blandade känslor. Denna sjukdom utmanar kvinnans identitet, självkänsla, kroppsbild och relationer. Syfte: Unga kvinnors upplevda hälsa med en diagnostiserad bröstcancer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie där systematiska sökningar med omvårdnadsfokus i relevanta databaser resulterade i tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna innehöll både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats för att få en bättre överblick över forskningsområdet. Resultat: Olika koder bearbetades fram till fyra kategorier kring kvinnornas upplevda hälsa: En förändrad kroppsuppfattning, fertilitetsproblem, behov av stöd från professioner och närstående samt att leva med ständig rädsla och oro. Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat visar att vårdpersonal bör ha mer kunskap om unga kvinnors upplevda hälsa med bröstcancer. Mer kvalitativ forskning rekommenderas kring ämnet, då det behövs för att vårdpersonalen ska kunna förbättra vården och kunna främja de unga kvinnornas hälsa på bästa sätt. / Background: Breastcancer is the most common form of cancer for women all around the world. It is mainly older women who are affected, but a small proportion of those affected are young women. Being a young women who is in the middle of family- and career life means a big turnaround in life, since everything from treatments due to side effects and many hospital visits puts health to the test. The experience of a changed body, support, getting into menopause prematurely and suffering from infertility contributes to a sea of mixed emotions. This disease challenges the woman’s identity, self-esteem, body image and relationships. Aim: Young womens perceived health with a diagnosed breast cancer. Method: A literature study where systematic searches with a focus on nursing in relevant databases resulted in ten scientific articles. The articles contained both a qualitative and quantitative approach to get a better overview of the research area. Results: Different codes were processed into four categories around women’s perceived health: A changed body perception, fertility problems, need for support from professionals and relatives and to live with constant fear and anxiety. Conclusion: The resultats of the literature study show that healthcare professionals should have more knowledge about young women’s perceived health with breast cancer. More qualitative research is recommended on the subject, as it is needed for the nurse to be able to improve care and to promote the health of young women in the best way.

Thesis (M. A. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Globally, over the years, health promotion organisations have developed communication campaigns geared towards addressing most major public health issues with the intention of preventing risky sexual behaviour. Teenage pregnancy is a major health, social, systemic and economic challenge, not only for the basic education sector but also, crucially for national development in general. The use of modern contraceptives, specifically implant contraceptives, has the potential to alleviate unintended teenage pregnancies. Modern contraceptives such as implant contraceptives have proven to be highly effective from 24 hours after insertion up to three years. Theoretically, the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour have been applied to guide the study. A quantitative, descriptive survey was used in this study, with data collected using questionnaires. Purposive sampling of six secondary schools under the Mankweng Circuit in the Limpopo province where 306 participants were randomly selected was employed. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 26. The study revealed that that 34% of the participants were willing to use the implant contraceptive method based on the benefits found to be associated with the method. However, 66% were not willing to use the method regardless of the benefits found in using the implant contraceptives. In addition, it was found that only 3.9% of the participants were using implant contraceptives as a tool to prevent unintended pregnancies. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on implant contraceptives uptake among young women in South Africa. It would be informative to organisations and the National Department of Health who propose the use of implant contraceptives to stem increasing teenage pregnancies.