張櫻. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 197-206. / 中英文提要. / Zhang Ying. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1-24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 元詞研究回顧 --- p.1-10 / Chapter 壹 --- 研究進路 / Chapter 一 --- 主觀的點評 / Chapter 二 --- 客觀的考證 / Chapter 三 --- 宏觀的整理 / Chapter 四 --- 微觀的論述 / Chapter 貳 --- 研究成果 / Chapter 一 --- 資料的整理 / Chapter 二 --- 觀點的建立 / Chapter 三 --- 觀念的啟發 / Chapter 1 --- 元詞的風格 / Chapter 2 --- 元詞的主題 / Chapter 3 --- 元詞的韻調 / Chapter 第二節 --- 元初詞研究 --- p.10-24 / Chapter 壹 --- 研究意義 / Chapter 貳 --- 研究範圍 / Chapter 一 --- 時間範圍 / Chapter 1 --- 歷史時間 / Chapter 2 --- 文學史時間 / Chapter 二 --- 文體範圍 / 小結 / Chapter 第二章 --- 元初詞的背景 --- p.25-58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政治環境 --- p.25-30 / Chapter 壹 --- 漢化政策 / Chapter 貳 --- 科舉制度 / Chapter 第二節 --- 社會環境 --- p.30-33 / Chapter 壹 --- 社會階級 / Chapter 貳 --- 宗教氛圍 / Chapter 參 --- 地理環境 / Chapter 第三節 --- 文壇環境 --- p.33-58 / Chapter 壹 --- 詞曲發展 / Chapter 一 --- 前期「散曲化」的發展一一詞向曲靠攏 / Chapter 二 --- 後期「雅詞化」的發展一一曲向詞靠攏 / Chapter 貳 --- 從「散曲化」到「雅詞說」的變素 / Chapter 一 --- 雖倚曲調，仍用詞腔 / Chapter 二 --- 作家身兼兩職 / Chapter 三 --- 專論出現 / 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 元初詠物詞 --- p.59-95 / Chapter 第一節 --- 詠物詞的選材、擇調與定韻 --- p.59-78 / Chapter 壹 --- 選材 / Chapter 一 --- 花草 / Chapter 二 --- 樓臺 / Chapter 三 --- 山河 / Chapter 四 --- 雨雪 / Chapter 五 --- 器物 / Chapter 六 --- 其它 / Chapter 貳 --- 擇調 / Chapter 參 --- 用韻 / Chapter 第二節 --- 詠物詞内涵述析 --- p.78-95 / Chapter 壹 --- 賦物 / Chapter 一 --- 優美翔實 / Chapter 二 --- 氣勢豪壯 / Chapter 貳 --- 寓情 / Chapter 一 --- 關懷個體 / Chapter 1 --- 襯寫形象 / Chapter 2 --- 烘托人格 / Chapter 3 --- 肯定自我 / Chapter 4 --- 表達心境 / Chapter 二 --- 感觸歷史 / Chapter 1 --- 慨嘆廢興 / Chapter 2 --- 申怨遭遇 / 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 元初雜紀詞 --- p.96-126 / Chapter 第一節 --- 雜紀詞的選材、擇調與定韻 --- p.96-105 / Chapter 壹 --- 選材 / Chapter 一 --- 紀人物 / Chapter 二 --- 載行藏 / Chapter 三 --- 記時事 / Chapter 1 --- 書瑣事 / Chapter 2 --- 誌國事 / Chapter 3 --- 錄異事 / Chapter 4 --- 釆風物 / Chapter 5 --- 敘心得 / Chapter 四 --- 識天候 / Chapter 五 --- 吟情志 / Chapter 貳 --- 擇調 / Chapter 參 --- 用韻 / Chapter 第二節 --- 雜紀詞内涵述析 --- p.106-126 / Chapter 壹 --- 追慕才逸刻劃時人 / Chapter 貳 --- 喜好山水記載行藏 / Chapter 參 --- 家事國事釆以紀誌 / Chapter 肆 --- 感時識節悲春憂秋 / Chapter 伍 --- 追逐事功企慕隱逸 / 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 元初離別詞 --- p.127-158 / Chapter 第一節 --- 離別詞的選材、擇調與定韻 --- p.127-137 / Chapter 壹 --- 選材 / Chapter 一 --- 寄示 / Chapter 二 --- 悼懷 / Chapter 三 --- 羈旅 / Chapter 四 --- 歸別 / Chapter 五 --- 送餞 / Chapter 貳 --- 擇調 / Chapter 參 --- 用韻 / Chapter 第二節 --- 離別詞内涵述析 --- p.138-158 / Chapter 壹 --- 書素往來 / Chapter 一 --- 寄思念 / Chapter 二 --- 表感激 / Chapter 三 --- 問求事 / Chapter 貳 --- 悼懷親友 / Chapter 一 --- 懷友人 / Chapter 二 --- 悼紅顏 / Chapter 三 --- 念親友 / Chapter 參 --- 羈旅鄉思 / Chapter 肆 --- 離別送餞 / Chapter 一 --- 離別親人 / Chapter 二 --- 離別朋友 / Chapter 三 --- 送親人 / Chapter 四 --- 送友人 / Chapter 五 --- 送幕職 / 小結 / Chapter 第六章 --- 元初贈酬詞 --- p.159-186 / Chapter 第一節 --- 贈酬詞的選材、擇調與定韻 --- p.159-172 / Chapter 壹 --- 選材 / Chapter 一 --- 題材 / Chapter 1 --- 「賡唱」作品 / Chapter 2 --- 「貺贈」作品 / Chapter 3 --- 「慶贊」作品 / Chapter 二 --- 贈酬對象 / Chapter 貳 --- 擇調 / Chapter 參 --- 用韻 / Chapter 第二節 --- 贈酬詞内涵述析 --- p.172-186 / Chapter 壹 --- 抒懷式贈酬 / Chapter 一 --- 身不由己的哀傷 / Chapter 二 --- 官事無窮的嘮叨 / Chapter 三 --- 羈旅客懷的無奈 / Chapter 四 --- 未許投閒的願望 / Chapter 五 --- 儒冠誤身的反省 / Chapter 貳 --- 慶賀式贈酬 / Chapter 一 --- 歌筵酒宴 / Chapter 二 --- 嫁娶添丁 / Chapter 三 --- 應制 / Chapter 四 --- 壽辰生朝 / Chapter 五 --- 會飲 / 小結 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.187-196 / Chapter 第一節 --- 元初詞特色 --- p.187-195 / Chapter 壹 --- 主題：與傳統閨閣之詞拉開距離 / Chapter 貳 --- 思想：以道家的隱逸引領潮流 / Chapter 參 --- 語言：雜夾在新舊文學之間 / Chapter 一 --- 新興的曲體語言 / Chapter 二 --- 傳統的詞體語言 / Chapter 肆 --- 風格：以蘇辛詞風為主導 / Chapter 第二節 --- 元初詞的評價與總結 --- p.195-196 / 參考書目 --- p.197-206 / 附錄： / Chapter 一 --- 元初詞人生平簡介 --- p.207-213 / Chapter 二 --- 《詞話叢編》輯錄之元詞話簡目索引 --- p.214-222 / Chapter 三 --- 近六十年元詞研究書目/論文篇目 --- p.223-226 / Chapter 四 --- 元初詞分類列目 --- p.227-260 / Chapter 1 --- 詠物詞 / Chapter 2 --- 雜紀詞 / Chapter 3 --- 離別詞 / Chapter 4 --- 贈酬詞

過去對於國會中政黨的研究，多限於探討政黨體制的制度面，或偏重於從國會議員的角度闡述政黨對國會議員行為的影響力，本研究則是試圖突顯政黨身為動態立法過程中的重要政治行動者，必須採取各種行動與策略，整合自身成員的力量，與他黨進行立法聯合互動，以達成特定目標。 本研究主張政黨在進行各種立法聯合時，乃以其選民基礎及其在特定議題上的立場為主要考量，同時在面對實際立法情境時，亦須將因政黨本身資源有限所導致的立法限制，及政黨為表現善意或獲取自身利益而與其他政黨進行立法交換等因素一併加以考量，如此方能更精準地推估立法聯合的可能情況，並完整地描繪出政黨在多元動態的立法過程中所扮演的政治行動者角色。研究結果顯示，政黨在各類法案上確實受上述因素影響而出現不同的立法聯合狀態，如：大陸定位問題類法案即因其涉及的選民基礎及特定議題相當明確，而每呈國新兩黨與民進黨對立的局面。 本研究以政黨的選民基礎與在特定議題上的立場此兩項政黨的基本考量，連結政黨在選舉中的競爭態勢與其在國會中的立法聯合表現，彌補過去研究較少論及國會中政黨競爭的缺憾，有助於對政黨競爭互動的實際情況進行更全面、連貫且深入的瞭解與詮釋。 / Most previous studies on congressional parties concentrate either on institutions of party system, or on the effects that a party could have on individual legislators' behavior, predominantly from the legislators' aspect. However, this research aims to emphasize that the parties are the important political actors in the dynamic legislative process, during which they must adopt some valid actions and strategies, integrate their members' strength, and form legislative coalitions with other parties in order to reach particular political goals. When parties form legislative coalitions, they must consider their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues. At the same time, they must consider the legislative restrictions caused by their limited resources and the possible legislative exchange with other parties in order to show their benevolence or to accomplish their self-interest goals. The author strongly believes that this is an appropriate method through which people may get a whole picture of the role that the parties play in the complex and dynamic legislative process. The research findings show that the bill categories influenced by the factors stated above as to have different styles of legislative coalitions. For instance, when a bill concerning the status of China is raised, the legislative coalition of the KMT, aligning with the New Party, against the DPP is ineluctable, because their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues are clear and definite. This research is based on two major considerations of the parties：their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues. The research furthermore uses these two considerations to connect competitive circumstances of parties in the elections and the legislative coalitions in the legislature. It may help to unravel and interpret the real situations of party competition completely, coherently, and profoundly.

張可久，名久可，號小山，是元後期的散曲家。元散曲作家當中，他的作品最多，他一生只創作散曲，不作雜劇，可稱「散曲專家」。他在散曲史上，是元後期「清麗騷雅派」的關鍵人物。而他的散曲在文字運用上，可說是宋詞以後中國韻文的繼承者。故他有「詞林宗匠」之稱。本論文以隋樹森輯《全元散曲》載的小山散曲作品為主要範圍。本論文共分六章，主要內容如下︰首章敘述「研究動機、方法」、「元代的時代背景」、「元後期散曲之潮流」，並簡介「小山作品版本」。第二章探討「小山生平略考」，先研討「名號問題」、「生卒年考」，而後論述「生平略述」、「交遊」。通過這一章，可以深刻地認識作者的生活環境。第三章探討「小山散曲之內容分析」，將小山散曲的內容歸納為十類來說明其作品的內容。第四章探討「小山散曲之藝術技巧」，論述小山散曲在文字上、格律上的技巧，是對小山散曲的形式的探析。第五章探討「小山散曲之風格」，將小山散曲的風格分為「清麗華美」、「騷雅蘊藉」、「積鬱淒婉」、「超脫豪放」四點來論述其風格。第六章為「結論」，綜論「小山散曲的藝術特色」，探討「小山在中國散曲史上的地位」。

Xu Fu-Yuan (®}§·»·) was a famous writer in the late Ming Dynasty (©ú©u)¡Aand started Ji Club (´XªÀ) with Chen Zi-long (³¯¤lÀs) and Xia Yun-yi (®L¤¹ÂU). When the Ming (©ú) government was overthrown by the Qing (²M)government .he chose to forsake his family to overturn the Qing (²M) government and then experienced several emperors of Nan Ming dynasties («n©ú). The poems written during he left the hometown to overturn the Qing (²M) government in¡¨ Diao-Huang-Tang Manuscripts¡¨ (¡m³¨¿X°ó¦s½Z¡n)and¡¨ Jiao-Xing Manuscripts¡¨(¡m¥æ¦æºK½Z¡n)total early2800.People could hardly get the Diao-Huang-Tang Manuscripts(¡m³¨¿X°ó¦s½Z¡n)so the critics and researches in the Ming literature are very poor, and there are some questions must be settled in the Taiwan literature. Therefore, the study is on the two books to explore his life feelings during the Ming (©ú) and Qing (²M). The subjects of this study comprises the life and writings of Xu Fu-yuan, social association, self-identification, feelings, ocean writing, and Taiwan writing. By researching in depth on Xu Fu-Yuan (®}§·»·) and his poems, we discover something .For example, first, we confirm he went to Jiao Nan (¥æ«n) in February ,12th year of Yong-li (¥Ã¾ä). Second, we get Xu Fu-Yuan¡¦s (®}§·»·) friends in his poems more than 140.It not only helps us to understand him more but fill the records in Nan Ming dynasty. Third, his ocean writings have plenty of subjects and varied images. Fourth, according to¡¨ Diao-Huang-Tang Manuscripts¡¨(¡m³¨¿X°ó¦s½Z¡n), he came to Taiwan with his wife and his childe to reclaim lands in 1rt year of Kangxi (±dº³). In addition, the poem ¡¥peach blossom¡¦ (¡q®çªá¡r) and ¡¥mourn for Zhang Gong-SHi¡¦aren¡¦t written in Taiwan. Generally speaking, Xu Fu-Yuan (®}§·»·) has an extremely important historical value in Taiwan literature ,Chinese literature.

Abstract Operation and Management of Learning Organization¡XA case study of the Central Personnel Administration, the Executive Yuan. The twenty-first century is the era that economy takes command. Under this situation, knowledge management is the major measure to obtain, share and transfer knowledge. On the other hand, learning society concept, promoted in advanced countries, makes many organizations work towards becoming ¡§learning organizations.¡¨ Knowledge management and learning organizations are gradually influencing the department functions and personnel roles within organizations. In human resources management, education, training and development functions, etc will still be emphasized. However, being impacted by these two tendencies, human resources management will have to merge the organization learning and knowledge management into the organization mechanism, it with result in innovative learning ideas in order to mold the learning culture of organizations and improve employee¡¦s capability and organizational effectiveness. This case study will explore the procedures and achievements from the learning organization promoted by Central Personnel Administration, the Executive Yuan with the basis of strategic human resources management of learning organizations. The research will find out current issues of human resources system of central government and what can be done to correct the issues. From the issues discovered, suggestions will be offered to central government institutes to serve the reference planning and promoting the learning organizations. Key words¡GKnowledge management, Organization learning, Learning organizations, Strategic human resources management, Case study, Central Personnel Administration of the Executive Yuan.

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published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Textual Analysis of the Extant Original of The Secret History of the Mongols Abstract The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze every aspect of textual nature present in the Chinese original of the Secret History of the Mongols. The work consists of four chapters that touch issues such as the Chinese characters used for the transcription, their pronunciation and meaning, as well as invented or wrong characters. A list is presented with all the Mongolian syllables obtainable by means of the Chinese transcription system and with all the characters used for this. Subsequently, graphic aspects such as word division or punctuation are examined. The last chapter approaches the glossing system of the Mongolian text used in this work. On the basis of the analysis of the collected data, some plausible assumptions about historical or linguistic issues are advanced, such as the ethnic identity of the author of the transcript or the author of the glosses, the existence of a Mongolian dialect with own characteristics in the Yuan dynasty environment, or the reason why this transcript was glossed, and whether it was done out of an original written in Uyghur script. Keywords: textual analysis, Mongolian language, The Secret History of the Mongols, Yuan Dynasty