Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M. Arch. in Advanced Studies)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1976. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.C.P. / M.ArchAS

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Four municipalities in DuPage County, Illinois were selected for study to determine the effects of zoning on housing that is affordable to low and moderate-income groups, and to suggest possible recommendations to achieve some inclusiveness by providing a wide range of housing options.Though Woodridge, Naperville and Villa Park appear to have made progress in terms of providing housing choices for low and moderate income groups, there exist some limited opportunities to increase affordable housing in these communities. Oak Brook is most exclusionary. It provides no opportunities for low and moderate-income groups that work in that community, even though it is a major employment center. This creates difficulties for entry job seekers and other low groups that want to live in these communities.The recommendations are specifically tailored to each community in terms of what the community could realistically do, in view of the limited land available for development. This study is intended to renew interest in zoning and affordable housing, and lead to zoning reforms in communities in DuPage County, Illinois. / Department of Urban Planning

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-23T20:08:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMFF.pdf: 13670089 bytes, checksum: 605602b004b954e7d0adf63abb481e55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T18:37:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMFF.pdf: 13670089 bytes, checksum: 605602b004b954e7d0adf63abb481e55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T18:37:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMFF.pdf: 13670089 bytes, checksum: 605602b004b954e7d0adf63abb481e55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T18:37:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMFF.pdf: 13670089 bytes, checksum: 605602b004b954e7d0adf63abb481e55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The geoenvironmental zoning is considered a inter and multidisciplinary planning instrument of an area, municipality or region, based on the components of the physical environment. Its goal is to support public policies seeking to reconcile economic development and environmental quality. The Ribeirão do Feijão Watershed is located almost entirely in São Carlos-SP, is an area of great interest because is the main source of surface water supply of this city and more than 70% belongs to the recharge area of Botucatu Aquifer. In this perspective, this work aimed to elaborate a two geoenvironmental zoning through two different methodologies (CENDRERO et al, 1990; ZUQUETTE et al. 1993). The methodology includes thematic maps in 1:50.000 scale aided by GIS (Geographic Information Systems), remote sensing, field and laboratorial works. The intermediate result of this research was the development of 12 basics maps (documentation, unconsolidated materials, bedrock, slope, landforms, pedology, use and occupation, erosive evidence, relief, legal restrictions, surface water and CEMPAS) and 5 derived maps (erosion susceptibility, agricultural suitability, slope stability, aquifer vulnerability and quality for preservation).The final results corresponded a synthetic geoenvironmental zoning (Cendrero, et al., 1990), which showed 29 geoenvironmental units and two analytical geoenvironmental zoning that were based on water dynamics (Zoning of the Water Accumulation Potential Areas and Zoning of Potential Infiltration Areas). The Analytical Zoning presented 4 geoenvironmental units, and was more restrictive in defining their units, however the synthetic approach enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the weaknesses and potential of the Ribeirão do Feijão Watershed. / O zoneamento geoambiental é considerado um instrumento inter e multidisciplinar de planejamento de uma área, município ou região, baseado nos componentes do meio físico. Seu objetivo é subsidiar as políticas públicas buscando a compatibilização do desenvolvimento econômico e a da qualidade ambiental. A Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Feijão se localiza quase na sua totalidade no município de São Carlos – SP. Esta é uma área de grande interesse ambiental em virtude de ser a principal fonte de captação de água superficial para o abastecimento da cidade e por mais de 70% de seu território pertencer a área de recarga do aquífero Guarani. Nessa perspectiva, esta dissertação teve como objetivo a elaboração e a comparação de cartas de zoneamento geoambiental através de duas metodologias (CENDRERO et al,1990; ZUQUETTE et al. 1993). A metodologia empregada engloba mapeamentos temáticos na escala 1:50.000 auxiliados por SIG’s (Sistemas de informações geográficas), sensoriamento remoto, trabalho de campo e de laboratório, estes que são base para o zoneamento geoambiental. Os resultados intermediários dessa pesquisa foram a elaboração de 12 mapas fundamentais (documentação, materiais inconsolidados, substrato rochoso, declividade, landforms, pedologia, uso e ocupação, mapa de evidências, amplitude de relevo, restrições legais, águas superficiais e a carta de menor percurso de água) e 5 cartas de derivadas (suscetibilidade a erosão, aptidão agrícola, estabilidade de talude, vulnerabilidade de aquífero e qualidade para a conservação). Os resultados finais corresponderam a um zoneamento geoambiental sintético (CENDRERO, et al., 1990), o qual apresentou 29 unidades geoambientais e a dois zoneamentos geoambientais analíticos o quais se complementavam e eram baseados na dinâmica de águas (Zoneamento de Áreas Potenciais ao Acúmulo de Água e Zoneamento de Áreas Potenciais a Infiltração). O Zoneamento Analítico apresentou-se 4 unidades geoambientais, e mostrou-se mais restritivo na definição de suas unidades, entretanto o sintético possibilitou o entendimento mais global das fragilidades e potencialidade da Bacia do Hidrográfica do Feijão.

Orientador: Juércio Tavares de Mattos / Banca: Paulina Setti Riedel / Banca: Sérgio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto / Banca: Ricardo Vedovello / Banca: Valter Casseti / Resumo: Apresenta-se a problemática do assunto Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE), a polêmica em torno dele e suas atribuições como instrumentos político e técnico para ordenamento territorial. A hipótese do trabalho foi definida com base na situaçãoproblema ZEE Tocantins, discutindo-se os procedimentos metodológicos e métodos usados. Assumiu-se que o mapeamento e o zoneamento geotécnico tenham uma importante aplicação no ZEE, sobretudo pela forma com que as unidades são caracterizadas, quer seja diretamente ou indiretamente. Demonstrou-se que o mapeamento geotécnico, embasado em unidades de compartimentação do meio físico classificadas por atributos inerentes ao ZEE, permite melhorar a percepção acerca dos usos potenciais da terra, pretendidos em um projeto de ZEE, principalmente pela possibilidade de elaboração de cartas específicas ou de síntese. Trabalhou-se criteriosamente na descrição dos processos de: (i) montagem e organização de uma base de dados geográficos para facilitar e permitir o desenvolvimento das atividades que se apóiam tecnologicamente em SIG e sistema de processamento digital de imagens de sensores remotos; (ii) aplicação do método Seplan-TO usado no ZEE Norte do Estado do Tocantins para a geração do plano de zoneamento ambiental, com ênfase na compartimentação ambiental (unidade territorial básica - UTB); (iii) aplicação do mapeamento geotécnico com base no Método Vedovello para a geração de um plano de zoneamento geoambiental, com ênfase na compartimentação ambiental (unidade básica de compartimentação - UBC) e inclusão de fatores bióticos; e (iv) comparação e avaliação dos resultados obtidos pela aplicação dos diferentes métodos com o intuito de indicar aquele que deve ser usado para estudos de ZEE no Tocantins. Os focos da avaliação foram a compartimentação do meio físico e a execução do ZEE em termos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The problematics of the subject Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) is presented, as well as the controversy about it and its role as a political and technical instrument for a territorial ordenation. The hypothesis was defined based on the EEZ Tocantins problem-situation, discussing the methodological procedures and methods used. It was assumed that geotechnical mapping and zoning have an important application in the EEZ, particularly by the way the units are characterized, whether directly or indirectly. It was demonstrated that a geotechnical mapping based on compartmentalization units of the physical medium and classified by attributes inherent to the EEZ permits to improve the perception about the potential uses of land as intended in a EEZ project, particularly due to the possibility of preparing specific or synthetic charts. A judicious work was performed in the description of the processes of: (i) assembly and organization of a geographic data bank in order to facilitate and permit the development of the activities technologically supported by SIG and a digital image-processing system with remote sensors; (ii) application of the Seplan-TO method used at EEZ Northern of the State of Tocantins for generating the environmental zoning plan, emphasizing the environmental compartmentalization (basic territorial unit - BTU); (iii) application of the geotechnical mapping based on Vedovello Method for generating a geoenvironmental zoning plan emphasizing the environmental compartmentalization (basic compartmentalization unit - BCU) and inclusion of biotic factors; and (iv) comparison and assessment of the results obtained by the application of the different methods, with the intent of indicating that one that should be used for EEZ studies at Tocantins. The assessment was focused on the compartmentalization of the physical medium and the execution of the EEZ in terms of repeatability ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

We examine the working mechanisms and efficiencies of zoning (regulation of floor area ratios and land-use types) and fiscal instruments (tolls, property taxes, and income transfer), and extend the instrument choice theory to include the congestion of road and nonroad infrastructure. We show that in the spatial model with heterogeneous households the standard first-best instruments do not work because they trigger distortion of spatial allocations. In addition, because of the household heterogeneity and real estate market distortions, zoning could be less efficient than, as efficient as, or more efficient than pricing instruments. However, when the zoning enacted deviates from the optimum, zoning not only becomes inferior to congestion charges but is also likely to reduce welfare. In addition, we provide a global platform that extends the instrument choice theory of pollution control to include various types of externalities and a wide range of discrete policy deviations for any reasons beyond cost–benefit uncertainties.

The current housing crisis in Sweden affects more municipalities today than ever before. There is a high demand for all type of tenures and the housing shortage is primarily evident in the metropolitan cities. Sweden has during the last 15 year focused on building for high-income households, with the vision to create migratory chains providing other society groups with housing as well. The migratory chains unfortunately often become significantly short and the housing shortage remains for low-income households. Municipalities are now facing an unsustainable situation, with an urgent need to resolve the situation for low-income households. This needs to be performed without the stigmatization and segregation that clusters of only affordable housing brings. A Swedish pilot project, RiverCity, including affordable housing through inclusionary zoning is currently under development in Frihamnen, Gothenburg. The first phase of the RiverCity that will be completed is called "RiverCity 2021" and includes parts of Frihamnen and Ringön. The completion will coincide with Gothenburg's 400th anniversary in 2021.There are ongoing discussion, and some factors regarding rent setting and distribution of the affordable housing units are not yet determined. It is a new, interesting and innovative development project that has not yet been studied, and therefore considered suitable for a Master of Science thesis project. The thesis and case study was conducted through a qualitative inductive research approach, with a case study of the pilot project in Frihamnen, Gothenburg. The study indicates a high level of innovation among the actors to fulfill the requirements for the assignment of a land allocation. The impression is that the aktors are keen to determine criteria that ensure that the apartments are distributed to households without the financial ability to afford a lease in a new construction building. Inclusionary zoning and requirements in land allocation to develop affordable housing seems to be a prerequisite for the current development of affordable housing. The study provides a basis for further research on the outcomes of the current plans in the future. / Den nuvarande bostadsbristen i Sverige drabbar fler kommuner idag än någonsin tidigare. Efterfrågan på alla boendeformer är hög och bristen på bostäder är framförallt tydlig i storstäderna. De senaste 15 åren har Sverige fokuserat på att bygga för hushåll med relativt hög inkomst, med avsikten att skapa flyttkedjor som i sin tur förser övriga grupper i samhället med bostäder. Flyttkedjorna blir tyvärr ofta korta och bostadsbristen kvarstår för hushåll med lägre inkomster. Kommunerna befinner sig idag i en ohållbar situation; hushåll med lägre inkomster måste akut förses med bostäder, samtidigt som den segregation och sociala stigmatisering som kluster av billiga bostäder för med sig bör undvikas. Ett svenskt pilotprojekt, Älvstaden, som inkluderar affordable housing-lägenheter bland lägenheter med marknadshyror är just nu under utveckling i Frihamnen, Göteborg. Byggstart av den första etappen, Älvstaden 2021, är planerad till 2017 med färdigställande till Göteborgs 400 års jubileum år 2021. En del faktorer angående hyressättning och fördelning av affordable housing-lägenheterna är inte fastställda och diskussion pågår fortfarande. Projektet är innovativt och väldigt intressant för bostadssituationen i Sverige, samt har inte analyserats ännu, vilket tillsammans motiverar en kvalitativ fallstudie av projektet som ämne för denna master uppsats. Studien indikerar på hög innovation ibland de utvalda aktörerna för att uppfylla de krav som ställts i markanvisningarna. Intrycket är att aktörerna är måna om att utforma kriterier som gör att lägenheterna fördelas till hushåll utan ekonomiska förutsättningar för att klara en nyproduktionshyra som inte är subventionerad. Inclusionary zoning och krav i markanvisning om att utveckla affordable housing verkar vara en förutsättning för utveckling av affordable housing. Studien utgör en grund för vidare forskning kring utfallet av de nuvarande planerna i framtiden.

Detaljplaner sätter ramarna och förutsättningarna för vad som legalt kan byggas på en fastighet. Hur de förutsättningarna ser ut har en enorm inverkan på hur kostnadseffektivt det framtida bygget kommer att bli. Att i tidigt skede identifiera och påverka de faktorer som driver byggkostnaderna utan att skapa motsvarande mervärde för de framtida kunderna är en viktig uppgift. I den här studien kartläggs de planbestämmelserna och utformningarna, det ska dessutom inte vara självklart att det finns tillräckligt samhällsnytta för att väga upp kostnaderna. Litteraturen inom området är mycket bristande. Den huvudsakliga metoden för den här studien är intervjuer, totalt genomförs sjutton intervjuer med privata fastighetsutvecklare och kommunalt anställda inom markexploatering och detaljplanering. Det identifieras en rad detaljplansutformningar och fenomen kopplat till detaljplaneprocessen. Allt ifrån det optimala byggnadsdjupet och underjordiska garage till felaktiga betraktelsevinklar för arkitekturen och nya typer av kommunala särkrav som blir allt vanligare. Dessutom hanterar studien samarbetet inom detaljplaneprocessen mellan privata fastighetsutvecklare och kommunen med fokus på byggkostnader, lönsamhet och avvägningarna mellan det enskilda intresset hos fastighetsutvecklaren och allmänna intressen. Fastighetsutvecklare har inflytande under detaljplaneprocessen och kan bidra med mycket. Inom kommuner finns tankar kring vad som är den mest samhällsekonomiskt lönsamma avvägningen för planutformningar där projektets lönsamhet får väga tyngre, men än så länge gäller det främst fram tills en detaljplan är genomförbar och ibland för kommunens egna fastigheter eller bostadsprojekt.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries