Dans cette thèse, nous décrivons explicitement la structure multiplicative et la structure d’algèbre de Lie graduée sur la cohomologie de l’algèbre enveloppante d’une algèbre de Lie de dimension finie. Dans un premier temps, nous introduisons une structure multiplicative de la cohomologie de l’algèbre de Lie. Ensuite, nous montrons explicitement qu’il existe un isomorphisme d’algèbres graduées commutatives entre l’algèbre de cohomologie de Hochschild de l’algèbre enveloppante munie du produit cup et l’algèbre de cohomologie de l’algèbre de Lie. Dans un deuxième temps, nous introduisons une structure d’algèbre de Lie graduée sur la cohomologie de l’algèbre de Lie. Ensuite, nous montrons qu’il existe un isomorphisme d’algèbres de Lie graduées entre l’algèbre de Lie de cohomologie de Hochschild de l’algèbre enveloppante munie du crochet de Gerstenhaber et l’algèbre de cohomologie de l’algèbre de Lie. Enfin, nous décrivons complètement le crochet de Gerstenhaber sur la cohomologie de Hochschild de l’algèbre enveloppante d’une algèbre de Lie de dimension _ 3. / In this thesis, we explicitly describe the multiplicative structure and the graded Lie algebra structure of the cohomology of finite-dimensional Lie algebras. In a first step, we introduce a multiplicative structure for the cohomology of Lie algebra. Then, we explicitly show that there exists an isomorphism of commutative graded algebras between the Hochschild cohomology algebra of the enveloping algebra provided with the cup product and the cohomology algebra of the Lie algebra. In a second step, we introduce a graded Lie algebra structure for the cohomology of Lie algebra. Then, we show that there exists an isomorphism of graded Lie algebras between the Hochschild cohomology Lie algebra of the enveloping algebra provided with the Gerstenhaber bracket and the cohomology algebra of the Lie algebra. Finally, we describe completely the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra for dimension _ 3.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is an intriguing clinical finding that is defined as biopsy-proven metastasis from a malignancy in the absence of an identifiable primary site after a complete clinical work-up. CUP is a relatively common clinical entity, accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, and consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident primary lesion. Notable advances have been made over the past years in the treatment of well-defined clinical subgroups of CUP, such as women with peritoneal carcinomatosis and young adults with poorly differentiated carcinomas of midline distribution, but for the majority of patients, the prognosis still remains poor. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CUP syndrome, and emphasize the importance of identifying several favorable subsets of CUP, amenable to specific treatment options. In addition, we will point out novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches which will hopefully improve both our understanding and the prognosis of this more or less neglected disease. / Unter dem Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP)-Syndrom werden diejenigen Tumorerkrankungen zusammengefasst, bei denen auch nach Abschluss der Diagnostik nur Metastasen, jedoch kein Primärtumor gefunden wird. Das CUP-Syndrom macht ca. 3–5% aller neu diagnostizierten Malignomfälle aus und umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von Tumoren, die die Fähigkeit zur Metastasierung erlangt haben bevor sich ein klinisch manifester Primärtumor entwickelt hat. Obwohl bemerkenswerte Fortschritte in der Behandlung von Patienten mit bestimmten, gut definierten Erkrankungssubgruppen, wie beispielsweise Frauen mit isolierter Peritonealkarzinose oder jungen Erwachsenen mit gering differenzierten Karzinomen mit Mittellinienverteilung, erzielt werden konnten, ist die Prognose bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten nach wie vor schlecht. Wir berichten im weiteren Verlauf dieser Übersichtsarbeit über Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit CUPSyndrom und weisen darauf hin, dass es trotz der immer noch sehr schlechten Prognose von großer Bedeutung ist, Patienten mit bestimmten Subtypen des CUP-Syndroms zu identifizieren, die spezifischen Therapien mit der Option auf Heilung zugeführt werden sollten. Darüber hinaus möchten wir auf neuere diagnostische und therapeutische Bestrebungen aufmerksam machen, die das Verständnis und die Prognose dieses auch in der Onkologie bisher stiefmütterlich behandelten Krankheitsbildes hoffentlich verbessern werden. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

A new transmission is being designed for a next generation of large, offshore wind turbines, based on floating cup pumps and motors. The machines have a fixed displacement of around five liter per revolution. The objective of this study is to design, manufacture and test the pistons and cups of these machines. To this end, a new test bench has been designed and build, to measure the leakage and friction of the pistons up to a pressure level of 350 bar. Several sets of pistons and cups have been tested against a reference set which was proven to have very little friction at rated and peak operating conditions. The leakage between the pistons and cups was measured at different piston positions at stationary conditions. The friction between the piston and the cup has been measured continuously. From the tests it can be concluded that the friction force is below 0,01% of the piston force. The leakage losses are less than 0,5% of the total effective flow output.

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The hosting of the FIFA Football World Cup has been perceived in South Africa both as a challenge of accelerated social, economic, and spatial transformation, and as an opportunity to showcase the nation’s ability to successfully provide the structures and capacities for one of the biggest sports tournaments in the world. The thesis of ‘festivalisation’ sees mega-events (like the Football World Cup) as a form of translocal dynamics which is embedded in the context of increased inter-urban competition in the era of globalisation. This paper aims at investigating some effects of such globalised forms of festivalisation (Häußermann and Siebel 1993) on the urban sphere in South Africa. The focus is on identifying key actors and key topics in relation to urban governance in the host cities. The method applied is a mix of various strands of discourse analysis, since every approach has its shortcomings and a combination might point out directions of how to systematically link these perspectives in future research. To a certain extent, the path presented here remains methodologically explorative. Still, the paper shows that an analysis of language-based communication, or more specifically, an approach that takes media representations as a point of entry to the field of urban dynamics, might produce insights otherwise overlooked, and thus adds a critical angle to the study of urban governance.

This paper explores the disparities in media coverage between men’s and women’s sports. It utilises the media coverage of the German sports news outlet, Sportschau, to examine the differences in terms of language, depth, amount, and framing between the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup and the 2022 FIFA Men’s World Cup. Through a comparative Content analysis, this study aims to uncover disparities in the media coverage of men’s and women’s football in Germany. By using Feminist Media Studies Theory, it seeks to reveal potential biases, inequalities, and differences in the portrayal of gender in sports media. The paper is applying qualitative and quantitative data analysis to gather broader insights to understand different aspects and perspectives of the media coverage. The research reveals enduring gender biases in German sports media. Sexist language was more common in the coverage of the women’s tournament as well as an emphasis of feminine qualities, personal narratives, and struggles.

Politics has been an integral part of Korean football since the Japanese colonial era when the game became a vehicle for the Korean independence movement. The split between North and South Korea following the Korean War further accentuated the intrusion of politics into the domain of Korean football. As Koreans residing on either side of the border followed the game with intense interest and often regarded performance in international competition as a signifier of national prestige, the governments of both North and South Korea attached more importance to football than to any other sport and became its foremost patrons. In these circumstances it is not surprising to find that the relative performance of the national teams of North and South Korea mirrored changing economic and political conditions. Thus the rapid rise of North Korean football in the 1960s was a reflection of the state’s systematic and successful postwar reconstruction. Since the 1980s, however, South Korea, with its booming economy, has clearly surpassed its increasingly impoverished northern counterparts in the football field. Undoubtedly, the most two important events pertaining to the development of Korean football were the 1966 and 2002 World Cups. They provided occasions when nationalist sentiment could be expressed through football in both North and South Korea. They also provided opportunities for Korean footballers, through their achievements on the field, to show that the gap between the traditional periphery and core of world football was narrowing. At the same time, participation in competition at this level, whether by teams from North or South Korea, suggested that there was a recognizable and distinctive Korean football style nurtured in training camps where the emphasis was on producing players with sufficient stamina to run at their opponents for ninety minutes. Tireless running football has been the characteristic of successful teams from both North and South Korea. Thus, while recognizing the profound ideological differences that separate North and South Korea, this thesis also emphasizes the football tradition and culture that ethnically homogenous Koreans have in common.

This thesis examines the social and economic impacts of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study used a budget analysis, and in depth interviews to ascertain the economic impact of the world cup games and the distribution of revenue across different sectors and socio-economic divisions within the local economy. A historical and vulnerability analysis was conducted through the examination of secondary sources (historical documents, census data, previous research on vulnerable populations) to identify groups and spaces of high social vulnerability. Qualitative data was then collected through in depth interviews with sources from all facets of society during the World Cup games and the following summer to identify the social impacts on these vulnerable groups and spaces. The thesis found that the final economic costs for infrastructure and stadium refurbishments associated with the World Cup in Fortaleza far exceeded the projected costs and the final economic impact on the local economy was half of projected estimates. While the city saw social benefits in the celebratory atmosphere and public security provided during the World Cup, there were also negative impacts on socially vulnerable groups and spaces including forced community relocations, increases in cases of commercial sexual exploitation, and rises in violent crime.

Mutations in MCOLN1, which encodes the cation channel protein TRPML1, result in the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Mucolipidosis type IV. Mucolipidosis type IV patients show lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and neuronal cell death. The orthologue of TRPML1 in Caenorhabditis elegans is CUP-5; loss of CUP-5 results in lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and death of developing intestinal cells that results in embryonic lethality. We previously showed that a null mutation in the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter MRP-4 rescues the lysosomal defect and embryonic lethality of cup-5(null) worms. Here we show that reducing levels of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-associated proteins DID-2, PHI-33, and ALX-1/EGO-2, which mediate the final de-ubiquitination step of integral membrane proteins being sequestered into late endosomes, also almost fully suppress cup-5(null) mutant lysosomal defects and embryonic lethality. Indeed, we show that MRP-4 protein is hypo-ubiquitinated in the absence of CUP-5 and that reducing levels of ESCRT-associated proteins suppresses this hypo-ubiquitination. Thus, increased ESCRT-associated de-ubiquitinating activity mediates the lysosomal defects and corresponding cell death phenotypes in the absence of CUP-5.

Global sport competitions such as the Olympics and the World Cup were founded following universal principles of unity and peace and aiming to be celebrations of sportsmanship. Nowadays, however, they go beyond sport, being constructed as global media events in which both politics and media play an essential role. Caught in this triangle, the Olympics and the World Cup have re-emerged in the past years as sites of protests, after decades of relative calmness in this sense. This represents the point of entry into the analysis of global broadcasters, giving the chance to examine the way in which Al Jazeera English, BBC World News and Russia Today represent the protests they put in relation to sport competitions happening in different parts of the world. The chosen case studies are the London Olympics 2012, Sochi Olympics 2014 and Brazil World Cup 2014. The comparative analysis allows the drawing of similarities and differences between both the case studies and the broadcasters overall. The findings show that protests are dealt with differently according to the sport event they are related to, since some of them are legitimized and others are not. A major distinction, therefore, results in the manner in which the broadcasters use the protests in order to depict a certain version of the world. Global broadcasters offer, thus, multiple perspectives on the world as they carry what appears to be a heavy cultural baggage of the societies of origin.