This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient Egyptian ceramics by applying scientific dating techniques alongside more traditional methods. It is the first study to apply OSL dating to an Egyptian ceramic assemblage, and it has done so by developing the minimum extraction technique (MET), which has made it possible to use OSL to sample, and thus analyse, ceramics housed in museums. The MET is at present essential to the success of OSL dating of Egyptian ceramics, as the exportation ban on antiquities has prevented OSL analysis of field material. For this thesis, using this new sampling technique, OSL has been applied to several assemblages from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic period. Ceramics from [ADD IN REVIEW ] have been examined, with three phases being established: late Naqada III, First Intermediate Period, and the mediaeval Islamic period. Absolute dates have been determined for each phase and, where comparison is possible, have been found in good agreement with the historical chronology. A set of vessels from Naqada, Ballas, and the Tomb of Djer at Abydos have been examined using OSL in conjunction with radiocarbon dating. Again, three phases of activity were discerned: late Naqada II, early Naqada III, and the first scientifically determined dates for a burning event in the Tomb of Djer (the New Kingdom). The thesis also demonstrates how OSL can be used as a relative dating technique by analysing a collection of Wavy-Handled ceramics and wine jars from Turah, finding that the OSL results agree well with the established relative chronology. Finally, this thesis has also examined the applicability of cladistic analysis to the study of Egyptian ceramics. Cladistics is a technique borrowed from the biological sciences which offers a complimentary way to examine the evolution of ceramic types and forms, in particular the development of beer and wine jars.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriane de Oliveira Camillo Pollet.pdf: 508988 bytes, checksum: f6d032566943a15e47123ae90132cfc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-10 / This study has the objective to highlight the relevancy of regression in Winniccot clinic for the sake of individual health on positive term. In order to reach this goal, this work was developed on differences between the concept of regression in Winnicott clinic and the tradicional psychoanalysis. Thus, the study of beginning of life was done where the emphasis falls on the absolute dependence step, because, by Winnicott, this is the category the human being returns into the regression in clinic at the moment when the maturity development was interrupted by the environmental fail. For this reason, the regression theory of Freud was analysed, as well as Winnicott terms to reach regression as signal of health, highlightining differences found in treatments (psychoneurosis and psychosis).It was shown how Winnicott treated these differences in clinic by building his theory, highlightining also the importance that he assign to the handling in psychoanalytic setting; and finally a synthesis of a case serviced by the author which illustrates a Winnicott clinic of regression / Este estudo tem por objetivo destacar a relevância da regressão à dependência na clínica winnicottiana visando a saúde do indivíduo em termos positivos. Para atingir esse objetivo este trabalho foi pautado nas diferenciações entre o conceito de regressão na clínica winnicottiana e na psicanálise tradicional. Sendo assim, fez-se o estudo do início da vida onde a ênfase recai sobre a fase da dependência absoluta, pois essa é a categoria em que segundo Winnicott, o ser humano retorna dentro do processo de regressão na clínica no momento em que o desenvolvimento maturacional foi interrompido devido à falha ambiental. Para tanto, analisou-se a teoria da regressão de Freud e, em seguida, as elaborações de Winnicott para se chegar à regressão como sinal de saúde, realçando as diferenças encontradas nos tratamentos (psiconeurose e psicose). Mostrou-se como Winnicott tratou essas diferenciações na clínica ao construir a sua teoria, destacando também a importância que o autor atribui ao manejo no setting psicanalítico e, por fim, uma síntese de um caso atendido pelo autor, que ilustra a clínica winnicottiana da regressão

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-21T12:30:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Genival Oliveira Carvalho.pdf: 1756034 bytes, checksum: e0478d164885000155abe6684ba347b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genival Oliveira Carvalho.pdf: 1756034 bytes, checksum: e0478d164885000155abe6684ba347b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The thesis focuses on a philosopher of great relevance, Gabriel Marcel, who was forgotten in researches and began to be recovered in the second half of the twentieth century. In the writings of this philosopher we seek to develop a theme which emerges and occupies a central role in his works, for instance, the Hope in the Absolute Thou as the supreme source of consistency and meaning of life. In this direction, we begin by pointing Marcel's perspective on the twentieth century and its anguish. Afterwards, some authors with whom he dialogues (Camus, Sartre and Heidegger) for whom existance has no perspective. Subsequently, we point out how Marcel presents hope as the source of the meaning of life, to conclude that this source is an Absolute Hope in the Absolute Thou / A tese focaliza um filósofo de grande relevância, Gabriel Marcel, que ficou esquecido nas pesquisas e começou a ser recuperado na segunda metade do século XX. Nos escritos deste filósofo se busca desenvolver um tema que emerge e ocupa papel central nas suas obras, o saber, a Esperança no Tu Absoluto como fonte suprema de consistência e sentido da vida. Nessa direção, começa-se apontando o olhar de Marcel sobre o século XX e suas angústias. Depois, alguns autores com o quais ele dialoga (Camus, Sartre e Heidegger) para os quais a existência não tem perspectiva. Em seguida, aponta-se como Marcel apresenta a esperança qual fonte de sentido da vida, para concluir que essa fonte é uma Esperança Absoluta no Tu Absoluto

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano de Oliveira Mina.pdf: 1438012 bytes, checksum: 353d26d5873fa7aec6980e2cd3956e33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study, work under the Nicholas of Cusa s De Docta Ignorantia, aims to present an epistemology apophatic (denial knowledge) aiming at "function of denial", contributing to discussions relevant to the Theory of Knowledge, justified by the material produced little bias in this epistemological author and this work is compared to others in Brazil. Therefore, contributing to the appreciation of the Department of Religious Sciences. Fundamentally it is a theoretical analysis of the first two books in this same work, analyzing the limits of reason (ratio) before the intuition (intellectus), under the concepts Absolute Maximum, Privative Universe and Concrete Maximum, the relationship between Creator (One) and creature. The creation (explicatio) contained in God (complicatio) inevitably requires an "apophatic dialectic" that assumes the paradoxalidades in and of the world. Therefore, a Apophatic Philosophy". This requires that we become "ignorant scholars" / Esta dissertação, sob a obra De Docta Ignorantia de Nicolau de Cusa, tem como objetivo apresentar uma epistemologia apofática (conhecimento via negação) com vistas na função da negação , contribuindo para discussões pertinentes à Teoria do Conhecimento, justificado pelo pouco material produzido nesse viés epistemológico desse autor e obra se comparado a outros no Brasil. Portanto, contribuindo também para apreciação do Departamento de Ciências da Religião. Fundamentalmente é uma análise teórica dos dois primeiros livros dessa mesma obra, analisando os limites da razão (ratio) diante da intuição (intellectus), sob os conceitos Máximo Absoluto, Universo Privativo e Máximo Concreto, na relação entre Criador (Uno) e criatura. A criação (explicatio), contida em Deus (complicatio), inevitavelmente exige uma dialética apofática que assume as paradoxalidades no e do mundo. Portanto, uma Filosofia Apofática . Para isso é necessário que nos tornemos doutos ignorantes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Regina Spadotto Donato.pdf: 1695296 bytes, checksum: 47b1f3fe77c5fd73ded917ffe316a420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-17 / Nowadays, there is the microsystem of Special Courts made up of the State Special Court (Law 9.099/95), the Federal Special Court (Law 10.259/2001), and the Special Court of Exchequer (Law 12.153/2009) which aims at assuring the trial of causes of reduced economic value and little probative complexity as it is determined by the respective laws. The Special Courts are not only a new procedure but also a new way of obtaining adjudication with greater celerity and informality, as it is determined by the guidance criteria of such microsystem. The creation of Special Courts is not exclusive to the Brazilian legal system for there is a similar system for the trial of causes of low value in several other countries. This study analyzes the competency of the Civil Federal Special Court. In order to understand the competency of such Court, it was necessary to analyze the competency criteria fixed by the Code of Civil Procedure so as to show the difference among those criteria, mainly regarding the classification of relative and absolute competencies. The Law 10.259/2001, when determining its competency, only mentioned that the Civil Federal Special Court is due to prosecute, conciliate, and judge causes of competency of the Federal Court up to the amount of sixty minimum wages, as well as to execute their sentences , presenting on paragraph 1 article 3 the causes which are excluded from its jurisdiction. Thus, the analysis of the competency of the Civil Federal Special Courts is necessary to provide increased legal safety and the clarification of several controversies arising with Law 10.259/2001, aiming at presenting solutions to the daily challenges due to the questioning on competency or incompetency of such judgments. When studying the competency determined by this special law, it was chosen for didactic purposes to study the criteria for determining competency regarding person, matter, value of the cause, territory, and function. It should be noted that the determination of the competency of the Federal Special Court is not only based on one of the criterion mentioned above, but on the sum of all of them; it also includes the competency regarding reduced evidentiary complexity once lawsuit with extended probationary phase should not follow the legal channels in the Federal Special Court. This way, the analysis of the criteria of the competency of the Federal Special Court is more specific than the criteria determined by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure and that is why the classification of this provision of law cannot be adopted; then, the study of the competency of the Federal Special Courts have to be analyzed under a new premise because it is not a relative competency, but an absolute one which has to be respected considering the simplified achievement of the jurisdictional ward with reduced period and without the procedural prerogatives granted to the Exchequer / Atualmente, existe o microssistema dos Juizados Especiais, composto pelo Juizado Especial Estadual (Lei 9.099/95), Juizado Especial Federal (Lei 10.259/2001) e o Juizado Especial da Fazenda Pública (Lei 12.153/2009), que visam garantir o julgamento das causas de reduzido valor econômico e pequena complexidade probatória, conforme é determinado pelas respectivas legislações. Os Juizados Especiais não são apenas um novo procedimento, mas uma nova forma de obtenção da prestação jurisdicional, com maior celeridade e informalidade, conforme determinam os critérios orientadores deste microssistema. A criação dos Juizados Especiais não é uma exclusividade do sistema jurídico brasileiro, pois existe em diversos países sistema semelhante para o julgamento das causas de valor reduzido. O presente trabalho analisa a competência do Juizado Especial Federal Civil. Para compreender a competência deste Juizado, foi necessária a análise dos critérios determinadores da competência fixados pelo Código de Processo Civil, para demonstrar a diferença existente entre estes critérios, principalmente, no aspecto da classificação da competência relativa e da competência absoluta. A Lei 10.259/2001, ao determinar a sua competência, apenas mencionou que compete ao Juizado Especial Federal Cível processar, conciliar e julgar causas de competência da Justiça Federal até o valor de sessenta salários mínimos, bem como executar as suas sentenças , apresentando no § 1º do artigo 3º as causas que se encontram excluídas da sua competência. Portanto, a análise da competência dos Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis faz-se necessária para proporcionar maior segurança jurídica e esclarecimento das várias controvérsias surgidas com a Lei 10.259/2001, visando apresentar soluções aos desafios diários, decorrentes do questionamento sobre a competência ou incompetência destes juízos. Ao estudar a competência determinada por esta lei especial, optou-se, para fins didáticos, em estudar separadamente os critérios de determinação da competência em razão da pessoa, da matéria, em do valor da causa, do território e da função. Cabe ressaltar que a determinação da competência do Juizado Especial Federal não é exclusivamente baseada em um dos critérios acima mencionados, mas sim na somatória de todos eles, incluindo ainda a competência em razão da reduzida complexidade probatória, já que ações com fase probatória extensas não devem tramitar no Juizado Especial Federal. Desta forma, a análise dos critérios fixadores da competência do Juizado Especial Federal é mais específica do que os critérios determinados pelo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, razão pela qual não pode ser adotada a classificação deste dispositivo legal, merecendo o estudo da competência dos Juizados Especiais Federais serem analisados sob nova premissa, pois não se trata de uma competência relativa, mas sim absoluta, que deve ser respeitada, considerando a obtenção simplificada da tutela jurisdicional, com prazo reduzido e sem as prerrogativas processuais concedidas à Fazenda Pública

Les toxines botuliques (BoNTs) sont les substances les plus toxiques connues. Elles sont responsables du botulisme, une maladie rare mais le plus souvent mortelle sans prise en charge médicale. Cependant, les applications médicales des BoNTs sont de plus en plus nombreuses du fait de leurs propriétés paralysantes. Leur toxicité par voie inhalée en fait un des 6 principaux agents du risque intentionnel. Les BoNTs, produites par Clostridium botulinum, se répartissent en 7 types sérologiques qui se déclinent en sous-types. Cette biodiversité rend difficile leur identification par les méthodes classiques utilisées pour les toxines protéiques (approches immunologiques). Jusqu’à présent, seule l’analyse génétique permettait de distinguer les différents sous-types entre eux. Dans ce travail a été développée une méthode d’analyse en LC-QqQ-MS/MS en mode MRM pour identifier les différents sous-types de la BoNT/A dans des matrices complexes à partir de peptides communs et spécifiques à ces sous-types. Un traitement d’échantillon par immunocapture sur billes magnétiques couplées à des anticorps anti-peptides a été développé pour isoler la toxine de l’échantillon avant analyse. Des surnageants de culture des sous-types A1 à A3, A5, A7 à A8 ont été utilisés pour valider la méthode. La limite de détection de la méthode est compatible avec les taux de toxine retrouvés habituellement dans les échantillons naturellement contaminés. Cette méthode de spectrométrie de masse a ensuite été utilisée pour quantifier les différents sous-types de la BoNT/A dans une matrice complexe (surnageants de culture de C. botulinum). Une technique de quantification, utilisant un isotope stable de la chaine légère de type A1, ([13C6]K et [13C6]R), a été retenu comme étalon interne. Les différents sous-types de BoNT/A ont été quantifiés dans les surnageants et la quantité de BoNT correspondante à une dose létale minimale de 100% a été déterminée pour chaque sous-type. / Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most poisonous substances known. They are responsible for human botulism, a rare but potentially fatal disease if not quickly treated. However, BoNTs were approved for the treatment of numerous medical applications due to their temporary paralysis effects. BoNTs are among the six agents with the highest risk of potential use as bio-weapons because of their high toxicity in aerosol form. BoNTs, produced by Clostridium botulinum, are divised into seven toxinotypes and each toxinotype contains several subtypes. This biodiversity makes more difficult their identification with classical methods by immunological ways. Until now, only molecular genetical methods could differenciate subtypes among them. The aim of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in MRM mode to efficiently discrimate the distinct subtypes from specific and common peptides. Immunocapture sample preparation with antipeptides antibodies was used and allowed the isolation of the toxin from the sample. Subtyping was performed with crude supernatants (BoNT/A1 to /A3, /A5, /A7 and /A8) in order to validate the method. Limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed method is in the range of minimal toxin concentration found in naturally contamined samples. In a second part of this work, this mass spectrometry method was used to quantify the neurotoxin in complex matrices (supernatants of Clostridium botulinum cultures). Isotope labeled light chain (13C6]K et [13C6]R) from botulinum A1 neurotoxin was produced and used as internal standart. Subtypes were quantified in supernatants and the quantity of neurotoxin for one minimal lethal dose 100% was determined for each subtype

Este trabalho tem por objetivo confrontar a teoria da renda da terra de David Ricardo com a análise de Adam Smith sobre este mesmo assunto. Isto significa que este trabalho irá encontrar na obra “A Riqueza das Nações” uma suposta teoria da renda da terra e mostrar que Adam Smith possui uma teoria tão rica quanto à análise de David Ricardo sobre a renda da terra. Será abordada a análise da renda da terra sob o enfoque do desenvolvimento econômico, ou seja, será verificada qual das teorias têm melhores condições de explicar a temática do desenvolvimento econômico sob a ótica da fertilidade da terra e seus rendimentos. Os objetivos específicos serão comprovar a importância do progresso técnico e dos rendimentos crescentes da terra como enfoque de confrontação da teoria da renda da terra de David Ricardo e também verificar a importância da produtividade da terra, inserida na análise de ambos os autores, para o progresso contínuo do desenvolvimento econômico. Para tanto, foram buscadas referências nas próprias obras de Adam Smith e David Ricardo, textos que abordassem o pensamento destes autores e trabalhos que relacionassem o tema progresso técnico e fertilidade da terra. / The aim of this dissertation is to confront the theory of land rent of David Ricardo with the theory of Adam Smith. It means that this dissertation will try to find in the “Wealth of Nation” a theory of land rent and show that Adam Smith have a theory as better as the analyze of land rent by David Ricardo. The dissertation will analyze the land rent by the conception of economic development. It means verify what theory has more condition to explain the economic development by optic of the land fertility. The specific aim will be prove that technical progress and increase fertility, inside analyze of Smith, can confront Ricardo’ theory and verify that land productive, inside analyze of both authors, is important to keep economic development and progress of nations. To build this work, it will be find references own by Adam Smith and David Ricardo, papers by others authors that study the theory of this two authors and books that make connection between technical progress and land fertility.

We consider both a long-wave model and a first-order weighted-residual integral boundary layer (WIBL) model in the investigation of thin film flow down a topographical incline whilst under the effects of a normal electric field. The liquid is assumed to be a perfect dielectric, although is trivially extended to the case of a perfect conductor. The perfect dielectric case with no topography includes a simple modified electric Weber number which incorporates the relative electrical permittivity constant into itself. Linear stability analysis is carried out for both models, and critical Reynolds numbers which depend on the electric Weber number and the capillary number are produced. Regions of stability, convective instability and absolute instability are then determined for both models in terms of our electric Weber number and Reynolds number parameters in the case of no topography. Time-dependent simulations are produced to corroborate the aforementioned regions and investigate the effect of normal electric field strength in addition to sinusoidal and rectangular topographical amplitude on our system for various domain sizes. For the time-dependent simulations we find strong agreement with the linear stability analysis, and the results suggest that the inclusion of a normal electric field may have some stabilising properties in the long-wave model which are absent in the case of a flat wall, for which the electric field is always linearly destabilising. This stabilising effect is not observed for the same parameters in the WIBL model with a sinusoidal wall, although a similar effect is noticed in the WIBL model with a rectangular wall. We also investigate the simultaneous effect of domain size, wall amplitude and electric field strength on the critical Reynolds numbers for both models, and find that increasing the electric field strength can make large-amplitude sinusoidal topography stabilising rather than destabilising for the long-wave model. Continuation curves of steady solutions and bifurcation diagrams are also produced, and comparisons between the two models are made for various parameter values, which show excellent agreement with the literature. Subharmonic branches and time-periodic solutions are additionally included, similarly showing very good agreement with the literature.

Purpose: This study seeks to determine the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection in high-risk neutropenic fever patients colonized with VRE and to determine patient characteristics associated with VRE infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center, unmatched case-control study. Fifty-three VRE-colonized, high-risk patients with neutropenic fever were identified between January 2006 and February 2009. The two most common diagnoses/conditions included acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data collected included days of neutropenia, days of fever, demographic data, culture results, and antimicrobial therapy. Results: Twenty of the 53 patients (38%) with VRE colonization developed a VRE infection. The most common VRE infections were bacteremias (26%). The presence of neutropenia lasting longer than 7 days was associated with the development of VRE infection in this high-risk population colonized with VRE. The timeframe to develop VRE infection varied from 1 day to 2 weeks. Conclusion: For patients colonized with VRE, approximately 38% of high-risk neutropenic patients developed a VRE infection. This is the first study to specifically evaluate the incidence of VRE infections in febrile neutropenic patients colonized with VRE. Future research into the use and efficacy of empiric VRE coverage is needed.

En recherchant la loi de force centripète inscrite dans les Principes Mathématiques de la Philosophie Naturelle, Newton donna au temps un statut de grandeur privilégiée de la philosophie naturelle. Cependant, celui-ci apparaît de façon ambiguë, tantôt grandeur discrète, tantôt grandeur continue. Sa manipulation mathématique, qui repose essentiellement sur la Méthode des premières et dernières raison et sur la loi des aires, laisse, en outre, apparaître un temps de nature géométrique. Confronté, dans la proposition X du livre II, à la résolution du mouvement d'un mobile qui éprouve une résistance en raison du carré de sa vitesse, Newton ne parvient pas à résoudre cette proposition au moyen de la géométrie. Il est contraint de reprendre son raisonnement et de recourir à une méthode algébrique pour énoncer de manière juste, dans l'édition de 1713, la solution de cette proposition, dans laquelle le temps apparaît alors sous une forme algébrisée, représenté par une lettre. Ainsi, d'un temps géométrisé, figuré par un élément d'espace dans l'édition de 1687, Newton en fit un être per se représenté par une lettre dans la proposition X de l'édition de 1713. Cependant, c'est à Varignon, qui aborda les propositions des Principia de Newton à l'aide du calcul différentiel, que l'on doit la fin de la mathématisation et la finalisation du concept de temps mathématique / By looking for the law of centripetal force registered in the Mathematical Principles of the Natural Philosophy, Newton gave to time a status of privileged magnitude of natural philosophy. However, this one appears in a ambiguous way, sometimes discrete magnitude, sometimes continuous magnitude. Its mathematical manipulation, which rests essentially on the Method of first and last ratios and on the law of areas, lets appear a time of geometrical nature. Confronted, in the proposal x of the book II, with the resolution of the movement of a mobile which tests a resistance which is proportional in the square of its speed, Newton does not succeed in solving this proposal by means of the geometry. It is forced to resume its reasoning and to resort to an algebraic method in order to express in a just way the solution of this proposal, in which the time appears then under an algébraic shape, represented by a letter. So, from a geometrical time, represented by an element of space in the edition of 1687, Newton made an entity per se represented by a letter in proposal x of the 1713 edition. But it is to Varignon, who approached the proposals of the Principia by means of the differential calculus, that we owe the end of the "mathematization" and the finalization of the concept of mathematical time