När vår verklighet förändras uppdateras vårt ordförråd för att spegla den. De nya orden ger oss i sin tur möjlighet att med precision uttrycka fenomen och känslor och därmed synliggöra dem, vilket möjliggör förändring. Det finns en ömsesidig relation mellan språk och kultur, med påverkan i båda riktningarna. Genom en kvantitativ undersökning exemplifieras här hur kulturen påverkar språket: i uppsatsen undersöks inom vilka områden nya ord godkändes till El Diccionario de la lengua española 2022. Påverkan språket har på kulturen benämns lingvistisk relativism och beskrevs först i den så kallade Sapir-Whorfhypotesen. Genom Academia Españolas CORPUS XXI studeras i uppsatsen hur ett av de nya orden, micromachismo, under 2000-talet använts för att beskriva, med potential att förändra, kulturen.

This study aims to examine and observe the discourse around freedom within academia, morespecifically within research pertaining to the choice overload phenomenon. The study isqualitative in nature and would be best described as a discourse,- and ideology analysis. Thestudy observes the current discourse around choice overload and how the phenomenon ispresented and problematized. Furthermore the study aims to examine if there are anyideological influences in this area of research. The studies being analyzed are publishedbetween 2016 to the middle of 2018 and based around the keyword choice overload,. Theresults of this study show that recent research regarding choice overload is in overwhelmingmajority conducted by marketing and hence presented in a market-minded perspective. Thestudy also finds that there seems to exist an indication of two “perspectives” when it comes tothe researchers views on choice overload. In these study these perspectives are categorized byone having a more pragmatic, solution-oriented view in relation to the phenomenon and theother one being more sceptical to its existence at all. The conclusion brings mixed results,whereas while the study shows that there are prevalent tendencies to problematize and presentchoice overload from a profit seeking perspective as opposed to a general societal healthperspective, the controlled nature of the language used in research makes it hard to draw anyconcrete conclusions. The study ends on an encouraging note, leaving suggestions for furthermore in-depth research to contribute to this field of knowledge. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och observera diskursen kring valfrihet inom akademia,specifikt inom forskning kring fenomenet choice overload. Denna studie är kvalitativ till sinnatur och kan bäst beskrivas som en diskurs,- och ideologianalys. Studien observerardiskursen kring choice overload och hur fenomenet presenteras och problematiseras. Vidareämnar denna studie att examinera om det förekommer ideologiska strömningar inomforskningsfältet. De studier som analyseras är baserade kring nyckelordet choice overloadoch är publicerade mellan 2016 och första halvan av 2018. Resultaten av denna studie visaratt nylig forskning kring choice overload är dominerad av marknadsföring och därefterpresenterad ur ett marknadsekonomiskt perspektiv. Studien finner även att det tycks existeraen indikation av två olika “perspektiv” när det kommer till hur forskare ser på choiceoverload. I denna studie kategoriseras dessa perspektiv av att ena har en mer pragmatisk ochlösningsorienterad inställning gentemot fenomenet, medan det andra förhåller sig merskeptiska till fenomenets existens. Resultatet av studien är blandat, då fastän studien visar attdet finns tydliga tendenser att problematisera och presentera choice overload ur ettvinst-sökande perspektiv i motsats till ett folkhälso,- och samhällsperspektiv, så förhindrasstudien från att finna konkreta resultat på grund av det kontrollerade språket inom akademiskforskning och problematiken med allmän generalisering. Studien avslutas med förslag förvidare forskning för att bidra till kunskap kring ideologi inom akademia.

[pt] A tese, pelas lentes do pensamento decolonial afrodiaspórico compromissado com a ladino-amefricanidade, possui o objetivo de analisar como a matriz colonial de poder estrutura o pensamento jurídico brasileiro dentro do espaço que, com base no eurocentrismo, imprime autoridade e validade científica a essa produção, ou seja, a academia jurídica. A partir dessas apreciações, examina-se a materialização das colonialidades, incluído a do gênero, do poder, do saber e do ser, refletindo-se sobre a geo(corpo)política do conhecimento no programas de pós-graduação strictu sensu em direito no Brasil, por meio de delineamento do perfil dominante no corpo docente, no corpo discente e dos mecanismos utilizados para fissurar a matriz colonial do poder dentro desse ambiente e/ou para manter pactos narcísicos que estruturam a(s) colonialidade(s). Em que se utilizou uma pesquisa multinível, quantitativa-qualitativa, na parte quantitativa mapeou-se o perfil docente e discente dos PPGDS, com base nos dados oficiais constantes na plataforma Sucupira e na parte qualitativa, por meio da análise dos documentos nos sites oficiais dos programas e da aplicação de duas pesquisas surveys – uma realizada com docentes e outra com discentes dos programas, descreve-se e explora-se a composição desses espaços e as estratégias que buscam romper com a modernidade/colonialidade neste campo. / [en] Throughout the lenses of decolonial thinking and committed to amefricanity, the thesis aims to analyze how the colonial global power shapes the Brazilian legal thought within the space that enforces scientific authority and validity on this production based on Eurocentrism, which is the law academy. Through these premisses, it analyzes the materialization of colonialities, including gender, power, knowledge and being, examining the geopolitics of knowledge in the postgraduate programs within law academy in Brazil, using an analysis from the profile of the professors and the students and the mechanisms applied to ensure the colonial global power within that place and /or to maintain narcissistic pacts that structure the coloniality(ies). Using a multi-level, quantative-qualitative research, the quantitative part of the PPGDS teacher and student profile was mapped based on the official data from the Sucupira platform and, on the qualitative part, through the analysis of the documents from the official sites of the programs and the application of two surveys - one applied to professors and the other to students of the programs, both of them which describe and explore the composition of these spaces and the strategies that seek rupture with modernity /coloniality in this field. / [es] La tesis, por las lentes del pensamiento decolonial afrodías comprometido con la ladino-amefricanidad, tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo la matriz colonial de poder estructura el pensamiento jurídico brasileño dentro del espacio que, con base en el eurocentrismo, imprime autoridad y validez científica a esa producción, es decir, la academia jurídica. A partir de esas apreciaciones, se examina la materialización de las colonialidades, incluida la del género, del poder, del saber y del ser, reflejándose sobre la geopolítica del conocimiento en los programas de postgrado strictu sensu en derecho por medio de delineamiento del perfil dominante en docente, en el discente y de los mecanismos utilizados para fisurar la matriz colonial del poder dentro de ese ambiente y/o para mantener pactos narcísicos que estructuran la (s) colonialidad (s). Se utilizó una investigación multinivel, en la parte cuantitativa se mapeó el perfil docente y discente de los PPGDS, con base en los datos oficiales constantes en la plataforma Sucupira y en la parte cualitativa, por medio del análisis de los documentos en los sitios oficiales los programas y la aplicación de dos encuestas encuestas -una realizada con docentes y otra con dicentes de los programas, se describe y explora la composición de esos sitios y las estrategias que buscan romper con la modernidad / colonialidad en este campo.

This phenomenological study investigated the transition experiences of clinical respiratory therapists who pursued second careers as respiratory faculty. Situated Learning Theory and Workplace Learning Theory were the frameworks for interviews with 11 second career respiratory faculty who had taught fewer than five years in baccalaureate degree programs. The goal of this study was to identify the major themes of their experiences. Thematic analysis revealed five common experiences: under-preparation, challenges, overwhelmed feelings, personal responsibilities, and rewards. The common theoretical framework for all participants was the critical need to understand their communities of practice within their organizations. From this study, respiratory department chairs and administrators may better understand the challenges and needs of clinical therapists as they transition into faculty positions. Positive experiences such as improved orientations and continued effective faculty support may promote a more rewarding and long-term practice.

Recent decades have seen greater focus, both national and global, on universities’ role in boosting economic growth. Besides teaching and conducting research, universities are urged to contribute directly to the economy by commercialising research findings and interacting with industry. This thesis explores the dynamics and effects of such interplay by concentrating on a particular case of interaction involving Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital and a large multinational corporation. More specifically, the aim of the study was to investigate how use of science and value creation from science are affected when actors belonging to disparate spheres interact closely. The thesis recounts the evolution of the Uppsala PET Centre, established as a University research institute in 1989, which has served both as a site for pre-clinical and clinical research and as an important resource in routine clinical work. The whole Centre was commercialised when a large firm acquired it in 2002, only to be decommercialised and returned to the University and the University Hospital less than a decade later. Using a network perspective, this thesis analyses the journey of the Uppsala PET Centre by studying interfaces between physical and organisational resources. The basic argument is that to understand the effects of inter-sphere interaction on science use, one must consider the materiality of science and differences between the interacting actor spheres in terms of preferences, norms and goals – ‘schemes of valuation’ in the present work. The study shows that the materiality of science has a restrictive impact on flexibility of science use, and different actors’ simultaneous use of science is therefore severely constrained. Because of these constraints, the actor spheres involved struggle to control physical scientific resources in ways aligned with their particular schemes of valuation. Sharing, turn-taking and efforts to separate overlapping use contexts become the means of managing the restricted scope for science use. Further, this thesis demonstrates that while interfaces containing physical resources are controllable and always result in some kind of value (albeit not necessarily on the scale expected), the outcomes of combinations of organisational resources connected with disparate schemes of valuation are impossible to anticipate and control. The thesis concludes that there are reasons to rethink our expectations of the short-term economic and social effects of university–industry interaction, a complicated affair that encompasses opportunities and unforeseeable challenges alike.

Pablo Minguet y Yrol's Academia Musical of 1752, M891 in the Bíblioteca Nacional of Madrid, is a loosely organized collection of tutors for thirteen musical instruments: guitar, tiple, mandola, cittern, bandurria, psaltery, clavichord [i.e., keyboard], organ, harp, violin, transverse flute, recorder, and flageolet. The tutors concerning the guitar and related instruments are by far the most comprehensive; topics covered include basic playing technique, figured-bass accompaniment, and notation, both mensural and tablature. Most musical examples are given in both types of notation. The thesis is a complete translation of the Academia Musical, including the texts of the illustrations, with an introductory commentary giving the historical background of music education in eighteenth-century Spain, a brief review of European musical-instrument tutors in general, and an analysis of Minguet's tutors in particular.

Syftet med studien är att studera kvinnliga akademikers upplevelser av möjlighet till akademisk karriär. Studien besvarar följande frågeställningar: Hur uppfattar kvinnliga akademiker karriärstrukturen vid lärosätet utifrån ett genusperspektiv? Vilka möjligheter och hinder till karriärutveckling har kvinnliga akademiker identifierat och kan de i sådana fall kopplas till kön/jämställdhet? För att besvara vårt syfte och våra frågeställningar används en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor vid det berörda lärosätet. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som används för att analysera det empiriska materialet är Yvonne Hirdmans genussystem och Rosabeth Moss Kanters förklaringsmodell. Resultatet visar att kvinnor vid lärosätet upplever möjligheten till akademisk karriär som begränsad eftersom karriärstrukturen vid lärosätet är anpassad efter en manlig norm, vilket får en hindrande effekt för kvinnors karriärutveckling. Vidare bekräftar resultatet tidigare forskning som visar på att kvinnor möter hindrande faktorer kopplade till kön när de försöker avancera i karriären. / The aim of this study is to investigate female academics’ experiences of the opportunity for academic career. The study answers the following research questions: How do female academics perceive the career structure by the university from a gender perspective? Which opportunities and obstacles to career development did they identify and can they be connected to gender/gender equality? In order to answer our aim and our research questions a qualitative method is used in the form of semi-structured interviews with women at the university concerned. The theoretical starting points used to analyze the empirical material are Yvonne Hirdman’s gender system and a model by Rosabeth Moss Kanter. The result shows that women at the university experience the opportunity for academic career as limited since the career structure is adapted to a male norm, which contributes to an impeding effect on women’s career development. Furthermore, the result confirms previous research that shows women face impeding factors linked to gender when trying to advance in their careers.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é o estudo da dinâmica climática e dos tipos de tempo responsáveis pela gênese de nevoeiro no aeródromo da Academia da Força Aérea - AFA, localizado na região de Pirassununga/SP, nas coordenadas 21º59\'07\'\' S, 47º20\'06\'\' O e altitude 600 m. Foi aplicada a metodologia de análise rítmica proposta por Monteiro (1971), ao período de maior ocorrência do fenômeno - abril, maio, junho e julho -, durante três anospadrão (habitual, excepcional de alta ocorrência e excepcional de baixa ocorrência). Na primeira parte deste trabalho foi realizada a estatística descritiva das ocorrências de nevoeiro e a caracterização de sua distribuição temporal durante de 20 anos (1989 a 2008). A escolha dos anos-padrão foi realizada por técnicas estatísticas aplicadas ao período de maior ocorrência do fenômeno. A segunda parte do trabalho consistiu na aplicação da análise rítmica aos anos escolhidos como padrão para o aeródromo - 2003 (habitual), 2008 (excepcional de alta ocorrência) e 2005 (excepcional de baixa ocorrência). Como resultado, constatou-se que os tipos de tempo geradores de nevoeiro ocorreram, preferencialmente, sob o domínio da Massa Polar Atlântica. Sequências de tipos de tempo desencadeadas após a passagem da Frente Polar Atlântica ou do domínio da Massa Polar Atlântica com Linha de Instabilidade contribuíram, também, para a gênese de nevoeiro no local. / The objective of this research is the study of climate dynamics of the weather types, responsible for the fog genesis at the Air Force Academy airfield- AFA-located in the region of Pirassununga at coordinates 21º59\'07\'\' S, 47º20\'06\'\' W and the altitude of 600 m . The rhythmic analysis methodology proposed by Monteiro (1971) was applied to the period of the highest occurrence of the phenomenon - April, May, June, July - during three standard years (usual, exceptionally high occurrence and exceptionally low occurrence). Descriptive statistics of the fog occurrences were held in the first part of this paper as well as the characterization of its temporal distribution over 20 years (1989 to 2008 ). The choice of standard years was made by statistical techniques applied to the period of highest occurrence of the phenomenon. The second part of this paper was based on the rhythmic analysis over the years chosen as the standard for the airfield 2003 (usual), 2008 (exceptionally high occurrence) and 2005 (exceptionally low occurrence). As a result it was found that types of fog generator weather occurred preferably under the influence of the Atlantic Polar Air Mass. Sequences of different types of weather triggered after the passage of the Atlantic Polar Air Front or the dominance of the Atlantic Polar Air Mass with squall lines also contributed to the genesis of fog occurrences at the local.

As acidemias D-2-hidroxiglutárica e L-2-hidroxiglutárica são duas distintas desordens neurometabólicas bioquimicamente caracterizadas por níveis aumentados dos ácidos D-2-hidroxiglutárico e L-2-hidroxiglutárico em tecidos e fluidos biológicos, respectivamente. Pacientes acometidos pela acidemia D-2-hidroxiglutárica são classificados em duas variantes, a D-2-hidroxiglutárica do tipo I ou a D-2-hidroxiglutárica do tipo II. A acidemia D-2-hidroxiglutárica do tipo I é causada por uma mutação no gene da D-2-hidroxiglutarato desidrogenase enquanto que a acidemia D-2-hidroxiglutárica do tipo II é causada por uma mutação de ganho de função no gene da isocitrato desidrogenase II. A acidemia L-2-hidroxiglutárica é causada por uma mutação no gene da L-2-hidroxiglutarato desidrogenase. Considerando que a fisiopatologia destas doenças não está totalmente elucidada e que muitos estudos têm demonstrado o envolvimento do estresse oxidativo em erros inatos do metabolismo, este trabalho tem por objetivo principal investigar parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e nitrativo na urina de pacientes com acidemia L-2-hidroxiglutárica e o dano ao DNA in vitro causado pelos ácidos acumulados em ambas as patologias, as acidemias D-2-hidroxiglutárica e L-2-hidroxiglutárica, bem como o efeito protetor da L-carnitina sobre o dano. Dessa forma, verificou-se que as concentrações de 50 μM do ácido D-2-hidroxiglutárico e 30 μM do ácido L-2-hidroxiglutárico induzem dano ao DNA e que concentrações de 30 μM e 150 μM de L-carnitina reduzem significativamente in vitro o dano ao DNA, comparado aos controles. Além disso, foram analisadas amostras de urina dos pacientes com acidemia L-2-hidroxiglutárica. Observou-se aumento significativo de espécies de guanina oxidadas, um marcador bioquímico de dano oxidativo ao DNA, bem como um aumento significativo da excreção de di-tirosina, indicando que os pacientes tem dano a proteínas. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de isoprostanos urinários e nos níveis de espécies reativas do nitrogênio. Esses resultados sugerem, pelo menos em parte, dano oxidativo a proteínas e ao DNA e ressaltam o potencial antioxidante da L-carnitina como um promissor adjuvante no tratamento de pacientes afetados pelas acidemias L-2-hidroxiglutárica ou D-2-hidroxiglutárica. / D-2-hydroxyglutaric and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias are two distinct neurometabolic disorders biochemically characterized by increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutaric and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acids in biological fluids and tissues, respectively. Patients affected by D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria are classified into two variants, D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I or D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II. D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type I is caused by mutation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene while D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II is caused by a gain of function mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 gene. L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is caused by mutation in the L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene. Considering that the pathophysiology of these diseases is not fully understood and that many studies have been shown the involvement of oxidative stress in inborn errors of metabolism, the main objective of this work was investigate oxidative and nitrative stress parameters in the urine of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria patients and to investigate the in vitro DNA damage caused by the accumulated acids of D-2-hydroxyglutaric and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias as well as the protective effect of L-carnitine on this damage. It has been found that concentrations of 50 μM of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid and 30 μM of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid induce DNA damage and concentrations of 30 μM and 150 μM of L-carnitine significantly reduced the in vitro DNA damage compared to controls. In addition, urine samples from L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria patients were analyzed. It was observed a significant increase of oxidized guanine species, an oxidative DNA damage biomarker as well as a significant increase of urinary di-tyrosine level, indicating protein oxidative damage in the patients. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of urinary isoprostanes and reactive nitrogen species. These results suggest, at least in part, proteins and DNA oxidative damage and highlight the L-carnitine antioxidant potential as a promising adjuvant in the treatment of patients affected by L-2-hydroxyglutaric or D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

A partir de alguns estudos sobre a Academia Brasileira de Letras entidade fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1897 , é possível chegar a uma imagem já muito conhecida, porém pouco questionada: a de um espaço cuja compleição é marcadamente androcêntrica. Ainda que a associação entre Academia e dominação masculina possa parecer um tanto apressada, há um conjunto de implicações sociológicas nela inscritas que merecem ser descortinadas e problematizadas. Cabe-nos, assim, percorrer os caminhos teórico-analíticos que nos possibilitem apreender os matizes que tal correlação encoberta, tendo em vista as prerrogativas de gênero. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida, situado no encalço de alguns déficits documentais, será o período de consolidação da ABL, que assiste à cogitação do nome de uma mulher para figurar entre seus membros fundadores. Trata-se da escritora Júlia Lopes de Almeida que, logo em seguida, viu-se excluída da relação final de agremiados. Também dedicaremos especial atenção a 1930, ano em que a escritora Amélia Beviláqua propõe candidatura à Academia, obtendo como resposta um sonoro não. Além destes episódios, que representam verdadeiros vazios institucionais, buscaremos evidenciar as mudanças que se processaram na Casa de Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de inflexão o ano de 1976, momento em que é aprovada a elegibilidade feminina, alteração regimental esta que fora sucedida pela exígua presença de mulheres até os dias atuais, mais especificamente, pelo ingresso de seis escritoras: respectivamente Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai e Ana Maria Machado. A partir do quadro construído, procuraremos mostrar se a referida modificação no Regimento Interno foi sintomática de uma alteração nos contornos tradicionais e conservadores da ABL, ou se as circunstâncias e motivações que orientaram tais ingressos resultam de forças sociais ratificadoras do cânon literário. / From some studies about the Brazilian Academy of Letters an institute established in Rio de Janeiro in 1897 , we can see an image that is widespread but not questioned, i.e., that of a space that tends to be visibly male chauvinist. Although the association of the Brazilian Academy and the male domination may seem to be simplistic, there is in it, in fact, a series of sociological implications that must be scrutinized and questioned. Thus, taking a theoretical and analytical approach vis-à-vis the gender, the aim of this study is to capture the nuances that such an association veils. Therefore, our starting point, which takes into consideration the absence of some documents, will be the period of consolidation of the ABL, when the name of a woman is considered to emerge among its founding members. This woman was the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, who immediately afterwards saw herself excluded from the final list of members. Also we will dedicate special attention to 1930, year in which the writer Amélia Beviláqua proposed her candidacy to the ABL and got a sound no as a reply. Besides these occurrences, which represent a true institutional emptiness, we will seek to elucidate the changes that took place in the House of Machado de Assis throughout the years, having as a turning point the year 1976, period in which women eligibility was approved. We will see that such an alteration has been followed, until now, by a rare presence of women, more specifically, by the admission of six writers: Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai and Ana Maria Machado. From the resulting frame, we will find out whether the changes made in its statute in 1976 were, finally, indicative of a shift in the traditional and conservative structure of ABL or whether the circumstances and motivation that oriented the attainment of prestige and, consequently, a chair in the Brazilian Academy of Letters was the result of social forces which ratify the literary canon.