The diploma thesis deals with the thematic unit Tax system, which is taught within the Economics curriculum at business academies. The first part of the thesis analyzes this area of study from a look at the general characteristics of the course on to focusing on the theory of teaching Tax Systems in the curriculum. The second part is devoted to exploring the field from the perspective of teaching experience. The thematic unit is itemized to specific lessons and a concrete structure for their inclusion in the curriculum is proposed. The conclusion of the thesis is a proposal of teaching of the thematic unit Tax system, which can serve as a basis for teacher course preparation.

Entre 1810 et 1930, les milieux artistiques et culturels des Pyrénées-Orientales ont participé aux différentes politiques de mémoires et ont exprimé leur appartenance collective à la Nation. De ce mouvement culturel est naît la conscience d’une singularité roussillonnaise. Cette étude présente dans une première partie les conditions de réflexion et de mises en place d’actions naissantes sur le patrimoine. Elles ont pour cadre les années 1810-1860 et une France politique qui tente d’effacer les particularismes et éviter son éclatement après le traumatisme de la Révolution française. Cela consiste à étudier les différents modes d’institutionnalisation du patrimoine, de la création et des connaissances. Dans une seconde partie, qui a pour cadre les années 1880-1930, cette étude se penche sur l’évolution de la politique de mémoire non plus dictée par les institutions nationales mais par le mouvement régionaliste et les diverses représentations que les roussillonnais se font de leur région héritée ou à construire. Il s’agit de montrer les influences du régionalisme français, qui associe le fédéralisme au sentiment national, l’influence des séparatismes catalans dans la constitution d’une nouvelle culture matérielle et d’une identité artistique fortement marquée par un lien historique jamais rompu avec la Méditerranée et un retour aux origines de la culture antique. / Between 1810 and 1930 the artistic and cultural circles of the “Pyrénées-Orientales” have been involved in the different policies concerning the local heritage while expressing their will to belong to the French nation. From this cultural movement was born a strong sense of identity. The first part of this study is about the conditions in which this conscience developed as well as the first actions concerning the local heritage. Between 1810 and 1860 the French official policies tried to erase the local sense of identity and to preserve national unity after the trauma of the French Revolution. Our purpose was to study the different ways in which the local heritage as well artistic creation and local historical studies have been institutionalized. The second part studies the years between 1880 and 1930 when the political evolution concerning the local heritage was no longer ruled by national institutions but by the regionalist movement and the way the “Roussillonnais” considered their region as a heritage both to be preserved and enlarged. We have tried to show the influence of French regionalism that associates federalism and a national conscience, the influence of catalan separatism in the creation of a new material culture and an artistic identity strongly marked by a historical and unbroken link with the Mediterrannean world as well as return to antiquity.

El estudio buscó determinar la relación entre la autoeficacia y la felicidad en estudiantes de academias preuniversitarias de Lima Metropolitana que aspiran a ingresar a la universidad. Participaron 303 estudiantes preuniversitarios, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 16 a 23 años (M= 18.05; DE= 1.252), quienes resolvieron la Escala de Autoeficacia General y la Escala de Felicidad. Los resultados evidencian una correlación positiva, alta y estadísticamente significativa entre la autoeficacia y las dimensiones sentido positivo de la vida, satisfacción con la vida y alegría de vivir. A su vez, se halló una relación positiva, moderada y estadísticamente significativa entre la autoeficacia y la dimensión realización personal. Por otra parte, no se encontraron diferencias en la autoeficacia y felicidad considerando el sexo, área de la carrera elegida, tipo y ubicación del colegio de procedencia. Con base en los resultados, se resalta la importancia de desarrollar competencias emocionales en los estudiantes preuniversitarios. Palabras clave: Autoeficacia, felicidad, academias preuniversitarias, estudiantes. / The study goal was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and happiness in students from pre-university academies in metropolitan Lima. A sample of 303 pre-university students, whose ages ranged from 16 to 23 years (M = 18.05; SD = 1,252), answered General Self-efficacy Scale and Happiness Scale. The results indicated a positive, high and statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and the dimensions positive meaning of life, satisfaction with life and joy of living. In turn, a positive, moderate and statistically significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and the dimension of personal fulfillment. Also, no differences were found in self-efficacy and happiness considering sex, area of the chosen career, type and location of the high school. Based on the results, the importance of developing emotional competencies in pre-university acadamies students is highlighted.

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The purpose of this study was to compare 9th grade student achievement in Tennessee schools the year before and after the schools implemented a freshman academy, as well as compare such schools with traditional Tennessee high schools. The factors in this study that impact student achievement and serve as the dependent variables were attendance rates, number of credits earned, and suspensions for 9th graders. Data were obtained by various software programs used by the schools to enter, maintain, and retrieve student data. 2 x 2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were differences in the mean attendance rates and mean number of credits earned among 9th graders based on the type of institution, the academic years prior to and following the implementation of the freshman academy approach, and the 2-way interaction between the type of institution and the academic year. Crosstabulated tables and chi-square tests were used to determine if there was a relationship between suspensions prior to the academic year the Freshman Academy was implemented and the academic year following its implementation. The 2 x 2 ANOVAs conducted using Freshman Academy A and Traditional High School C indicated there was a significant difference in mean attendance rates and mean number of credits earned. Mean attendance rates and mean number of credits earned were higher at Freshman Academy A once the academy approach was implemented. The 2 x 2 ANOVAs conducted using Freshman Academy B and Traditional High School D indicated there was no significant difference in mean attendance rates and mean number of credits earned once the academy approach was implemented. Two-by-two crosstabulated tables and chi-square tests were used to determine if there was a relationship between suspensions at the Freshman Academy high schools (A & B) for years prior to and following implementation of the academy approach. The analysis of the data indicated there was a significant difference in the number of students suspended following the implementation of the academy approach at Freshman Academy A but not at Freshman Academy B.

This thesis investigates the implications of human security on global politics. While it adopts a Foucauldian analytics of governmentality and biopolitics, the thesis differs from biopolitical accounts of human security. These accounts tend to reduce human security to a coherent, totalizing, and inadvertently successful mode of governance, deemphasizing its situatedness and instability. In contrast, by complementing the Foucauldian approach to the study of human security with a Deleuzian lens of machinic assemblage in which materiality is particularly emphasized, the thesis argues that the governmental logic of human security gives rise to a multiplicity of open-ended vernacular assemblages and associated orders of governance. Though these assemblages are particular, messy, contingent systems which vacillate, undermine themselves, clash and hybridize with surrounding assemblages, this does not render them ineffective. When the object of analysis is the global, a focus on the materiality of events helps to explore how the global is localized. A focus on materiality opens up the opportunity to explore how the local materializes. This interplay between localizations and materializations disrupts the logics that underlie governmental processes. In this way, the thesis demonstrates how the intransigence of life constantly escapes and readjusts the biopolitical imperative. Empirically, the thesis traces the way human security materializes as a situated governmental strategy in emerging assemblages for managing pathogenic and illicit circulations relating to global migrant communities in Thailand and Vietnam. It shows the way the intricate and productive as well as destructive interplay of human and nonhuman elements inherent to the assemblages helped to constitute two vernacular orders of human security and associated political subjectivities.

In this dissertation, a normative prescriptive paradigm, namely a Bayesian theory of content-dependent argument strength, was employed in order to investigate argumentation, specifically the classic fallacy of the &ldquo / argument from ignorance&rdquo / or &ldquo / argumentum ad ignorantiam&rdquo / . The study was carried out in Turkish with Turkish participants. In the Bayesian framework, argument strength is determined by the interactions between three major factors: prior belief, polarity, and evidence reliability. In addition, topic effects are considered. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment replicated Hahn et al.&rsquo / s (2005) study in Turkish to investigate whether similar results would be obtained in a different linguistic and cultural community. We found significant main effects of three of the manipulated factors in Oaksford and Hahn (2004) and Hahn et al. (2005): prior belief, reliability and topic. With respect to the Bayesian analysis, the overall fit between the data and the model was very good. The second experiment tested the hypothesis that argument acceptance would not vary across different intelligence levels. There was no significant main effect of prior belief, polarity, topic, and intelligence. We found a main effect of reliability only. However, further analyses on significant interactions showed that more intelligent subjects were less inclined to accept negative polarity items. Finally, the third experiment investigated the hypothesis that argument acceptance would vary depending on the presence of and the kind of evidentiality markers prevalent in Turkish, indicating the certainty with which events in the past have happened, marked with overt morpho-syntactic markers (&ndash / DI or &ndash / mIs). The experiment found a significant main effect of evidentiality as well as replicating the significant main effects of the two of the manipulated factors (prior belief and reliability) in Oaksford and Hahn (2004), Hahn et al. (2005) and in our first experiment. Furthermore, reliability and evidentiality interacted, indicating separate as well as combined effects of the two. With respect to the Bayesian analysis, the overall fit between the data and the model was lower than the one in the first experiment, but still acceptable. Overall, this study supported the normative Bayesian approach to studying argumentation in an interdisciplinary perspective, combining computation, psychology, linguistics, and philosophy.

This thesis aims to explore selected works of Beatriz Colomina, a revisionist architectural historian who has made influential studies on visuality, domesticity, media and gender, and their reflections in the architectural world. Colomina is a distinguished architectural historian since she places a new lens on a period when architecture ceased to be only for the elite and media has gradually penetrated into everyone&rsquo / s life in order to understand how architecture became accessible to the public through media and how this has affected the perception of modern architecture. This new lens entailed not only the inseparability of media and architecture but also how war and domesticity featured in this relationship. Against this background, this study attempts to investigate the innovative approach of Beatriz Colomina by comparing and contrasting her two prominent books: Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media (1994) and Domesticity at War (2007). The former introduces us to the relationship between architecture and media, whereas the latter exemplifies this relationship by focusing on the cold war period as a time where media became an integral part of the domestic environment. This study aims to extract Colomina&rsquo / s contribution to architectural history by first disentangling and analysing and then merging these two books under common themes. In doing so, it seeks to answer the following questions: What is the role of archives in Colomina&rsquo / s methodology in writing these two books? What is the relationship between the document and the historian that emerges from this methodology? What common themes can be extracted from these two books as an analytical framework in order to better understand and study Colomina&rsquo / s approach? What differentiates her as a historian from other historians of modern architecture, specifically from Siegfried Giedion and Kenneth Frampton? What messages does Colomina give her reader through the form as well as the content of her books? What is her contribution to architectural historiography?

Denna uppsats studerar användandet av språk kring konst och konstnärlighet i fråga om musik. Den problematiserar svårigheten att dela språk kring dessa be- grepp inom olika musikpedagogiska inriktningar; utbildning till lärare i musik, utbildning till musiker och utbildning till musikterapeut.Hur konstrueras mening i tal kring konst i musik, kring pedagogisk konsekvens av konstbegreppet i konstnärlig utbildning samt det statliga uppdraget att utbilda i musik. I de samtal som ligger till grund för studien, deltar verksamma pedagoger inom högre musikutbildning vid tre olika lärosäten. Diskussionen och förhand- lingarna mellan dessa pedagoger har analyserats med hjälp av diskursanalys med fokus på diskurspsykologi. De retoriska teman och positioner som de medver- kande agenterna har till hands inom diskursen är i föreliggande studie sedda som tecken på diskurs. Två diskurser framträder tydligt och diskuteras slutligen utifrån historiska diskurser och effekter för utbildningar med konstarten musik. / This is the thesis about the usage of language around art and artistic actions in the area of music. It want to problematize the difficulty of sharing language around these concepts within different parts of academic learning in music; education for teachers in music, education for musicians and education for music therapists. How do teachers in musical disciplines at three Swedish academies of music talk and construct meaning around art in music, around the pedagogic implementa- tions of the subject art in artistic education and the governmental issue with this artistic education that they are supposed to work inside. The discussions between these teachers are analyzed through a discourse analyses or rather discourse psy- chology. The rhetoric themes and the positions that the different agents are sup- posed to take inside the discourse are here seen as the signs of the discourse. Two discourses are clearly found and in the last part discussed in matter of historical discourse and implications for music education.

This study represents an attempt to address and discuss some of the most significant questions in the research on virtual software development work today. The research is held as a collective case study, including three cases with distinctive characteristics in both the software projects investigated and the types of collaborations. The study aims to reveal the success factors in virtual work, especially on the issues of communication, coordination and collaboration, by presenting the unfavorable experiences and major issues encountered in each case, as well as the favorable ones and lessons learned at the end of the development processes. The collective research focuses on both the global and non-global contexts. As a result, it points out the distinctive and opposite findings of the cases, and proposes discussions of those findings according to the properties of the development settings.