The relationships between volatile flavor compounds, sensory descriptors and consumer acceptability were determined for eight commercial American dry-cured hams using external preference and flavor mapping. The majority of consumers preferred (p<0.05) hams that had more intense caramelized, smoky, savory and molasses aromas as well as more intense sweet and savory flavors. Sixteen aroma impact compounds were identified from the headspace volatiles of dry-cured hams. The consumers with the highest acceptability scores preferred (p<0.05) hams that were characterized by 4-methyl-2-methoxyphenol (sweet ham), 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (sweet ham), 2-methoxyphenol (smoky, cocoa), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (smoky ham, savory) and 2uranmethanol (burnt meat, vitamin). Fourteen percent of consumers preferred (p<0.05) two hams that were characterized by methional (baked potato). Consumer acceptability scores were lower for hams either characterized by methanethiol (sulfur), carbon disulfide (sulfur), 2-butanone (sweet), 3-methylbutanal (malty, fermented), 2-heptanone (burnt meat, vitamin), hexanal (cut grass), benzeneacetaldehyde (floral), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom) or characterized by benzaldehyde (burnt meat, cooked meat) and limonene (citrus).

No description available.

No description available.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widespread in the population and an important concern for public health. HPV-associated benign and cancerous disease is vaccine preventable yet vaccine uptake has been suboptimal. Adolescents are the primary target for vaccination yet their perspective has been inadequately examined. Ontario provides population-based preventive HPV vaccination to adolescent girls yet in the program’s first 2 years only approximately half of eligible girls received it. Effective strategies to improve vaccine uptake are needed. This thesis proposes a theory and ethics-based model to guide health promotion planning for HPV vaccination. Adopting an adolescent perspective, the model is applied and comprises: 1) a systematic review to identify barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination from the viewpoint of young females; 2) GIS uses for communicating geospatial health information regarding vaccination; and 3) a roadmap for the future including recommendations for guiding principles, research, intervention development, and health policy.

Flaxseed is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), which when added to food products enhance their functionality. However, when flaxseed is added to foods, overall acceptability and sensory properties can be affected, which may negatively affect the role of functional food in providing health benefits. This study was designed to determine the effects of adding milled flaxseeds (20g or 30g) and storage (1 month and 6 months) at - 200C in banana and cinnamon muffins on the sensory properties of muffins using both consumer acceptability evaluation and descriptive analysis, physical and chemical measurements, and ALA and SDG concentrations. Results were correlated using partial least square (PLS) to provide an explicit demonstration of association between overall acceptability of muffins and results from various measurements conducted. It was revealed that the addition of flaxseed reduced overall acceptability due to the enhancement of flax aroma and flavor, oil aroma and flavor, sour aroma and taste, brown color, and firmness., while storage had no impact. The negative influence of these sensory attributes was addressed by the addition of flavorings. Cinnamon flavoring reduced the presence of oil aroma and flavor, and sour aroma and taste while firmness decreased when pureed banana was added. But the intensities of flax aroma and flavor, and brown color were still pronounced in muffins even after the addition of the two flavorings. ALA and SDG concentrations were markedly increased in muffins when flaxseed was added. Storage did not significantly affect the levels of ALA in all muffins but prolonged storage increased SDG level, which can be associated with its role in enhancing extraction proficiency of SDG from the muffin matrix. Although results revealed that acceptability of muffins was significantly higher among clinical trial participants, the mean liking values had moderate deviation between consumers and clinical trial participants. This indicated that muffins fortified with flaxseeds can be acceptable by consumers with diverse wants. / May 2016

Résumé : Contexte: Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont un enjeu contemporain de santé publique. Or, des recherches cliniques démontrent que certaines interventions sont efficaces dans leur traitement et prévention. Il s’agit d’interventions nutritionnelles éducatives priorisant des aliments végétaux minimalement transformés (VMT). Ces interventions promeuvent l’adoption de postures alimentaires se caractérisant par la consommation à volonté d’une grande variété d’aliments d’origine végétale (e.g. légumineuses, céréales entières, fruits, légumes) et par une diminution de la consommation d’aliments d’origine animale (e.g. viandes, œufs et produits laitiers) et ultra-transformés (e.g. riches en sucres, sel ou gras, et faibles en fibres). Objectifs: À l’aide d’un devis mixte concomitant imbriqué, nous avons évalué les effets d’un programme d’interventions éducatives visant à augmenter la consommation de VMT chez des adultes à risque de MCV et exploré les déterminants des modifications comportementales observées. Méthodologie : Divers paramètres physiologiques et anthropométriques ont été mesurés pré-post programme (n = 72) puis analysés avec un test t pour échantillons appariés ou un test signé des rangs de Wilcoxon. D’autre part, 10 entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés post-programme et soutenus par un guide d’entretien basé sur le Food Choice Process Model. Les verbatims intégraux ont été codés selon la méthode d’analyse thématique. Résultats : Après 12 semaines, le poids (-10,5 lb, IC 95 %: 9,0-12,0), le tour de taille (-7,4 cm, IC 95 %:6,5-8,4), la tension artérielle diastolique (-3,2 mmHg, IC 95 %: 0,1-6,3), le cholestérol total (-0,87 mmol/ L, IC 95 %:0,57-1,17), le cholestérol LDL (-0,84 mmol/ L, IC 95 %: 0,55-1,13) et l’hémoglobine glyquée (-1,32 %, IC 95 %:-0,17-2,80) se sont significativement améliorés. L’analyse thématique des données qualitatives révèle que le programme, par la stimulation de valeurs de santé, d’éthique et d’intégrité, favorise la transformation des choix alimentaires vers une posture davantage axée sur les VMT durant une période clé du parcours de vie (i.e. pré-retraite). D’autres déterminants pouvant favoriser l’adoption d’une alimentation VMT ont été identifiés, dont les bénéfices importants observables à court terme, l’absence de restriction à l’égard de la quantité d’aliments VMT et le développement de compétences de planification dans l’acquisition et la préparation des aliments. Conclusion : Une intervention priorisant les VMT permet d’améliorer le profil cardiométabolique d’individus pré-retraités en raison de ses caractéristiques intrinsèques, mais aussi parce qu’elle modifie les valeurs impliquées dans les choix alimentaires. / Abstract : Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a contemporary public health issue. However, clinical research shows that some interventions are effective in its treatment and prevention: nutrition education programs prioritizing whole plant foods (WPF). These interventions promote the adoption of diets characterized by the unlimited consumption of a wide variety of plant foods (e.g. legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables) and a decrease in consumption of animal (e.g. meat, eggs and dairy products) and highly processed foods (e.g. high in sugar, salt or fat and low in fiber). Objectives: Using a nested concomitant mixed design, we evaluated the effects of a nutrition education program to increase the consumption of WPF in adults at risk of CVD and explored the determinants of the observed behavioral changes. Methodology: Various physiological and anthropometric parameters were measured pre-post program (n = 72) and analyzed with t test for paired samples or signed rank test Wilcoxon. Also, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted post-program, supported by an interview guide based on the Food Choice Process Model. The full transcripts were coded according to thematic analysis method. Results: After 12 weeks, weight (-10.5 lbs, 95 % CI: 9.0-12.0), waist circumference (-7.4 cm, 95 % CI: 6.5-8.4), diastolic blood pressure (-3.2 mmHg, 95 % CI: 0.1-6.3), total cholesterol (-0.87 mmol/ L, 95 % CI: 0.57-1.17), LDL cholesterol (-0.84 mmol/ L, 95 % CI: 0.55-1.13) and HbA1c (-1.32 %, 95 % CI - 0.17-2.80) improved significantly. Thematic analysis of qualitative data reveals that the program, by stimulating values such as health, ethics and integrity, promote the transformation of food choices towards a more whole-foods plant-based dietary pattern during a key period of participants’ life course (i.e. early retirement). Other determinants that can help orient food trajectory towards more WPF have been identified, including the significant short term benefits, the lack of restriction on the amount of WPF and development of planning skills in acquiring and preparing food. Conclusion: A nutrition education program prioritizing WPF improves the cardio-metabolic profile individuals in their pre-retirement because of its intrinsic characteristics, but also because it changes their food choice values. / Resumen : Contexto: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son un asunto contemporáneo de salud pública. Sin embargo, la investigación clínica demuestra que algunas intervenciones son eficaces en su tratamiento y prevención. Se trata de intervenciones nutricionales educativas que priorizan los alimentos vegetales mínimamente procesados (AVMP). Estas intervenciones promueven la adopción de posturas alimenticias que se caracterizan por el consumo ilimitado de una amplia variedad de alimentos de origen vegetal (e.g. legumbres, granos enteros, frutas, verduras) y una disminución en el consumo de alimentos de origen animal (e.g. carne, huevos y productos lácteos) y altamente procesados (e.g. es decir, alto contenido de azúcar, sal o grasa y bajo en fibras). Objetivo: Con el uso de un diseño mixto concurrente se evaluaron los efectos de un programa compuesto de diversas intervenciones educativas enfocadas en el incremento del consumo de AVMP en adultos en situación de riesgo de ECV. Así mismo, se exploraron los determinantes de los cambios de comportamientos observados. Material y métodos: Se midieron varios parámetros fisiológicos y antropométricos antes y después del programa (n = 72) los cuales se analizaron con la prueba t para muestras pareadas o prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Ademas, se llevaron a cabo 10 entrevistas semi-estructuradas post-programa apoyados por una guía de entrevista basada en el Food Choice Process Model. Las transcripciones completas fueron codificadas de acuerdo al método de análisis temático. Resultados: Después de 12 semanas, el peso (-10.5 lbs, IC 95 %: 9.0 a 12.0), la circunferencia de la cintura (-7.4 cm, IC 95 %: 6.5 a 8.4), la presión arterial diastólica (-3.2 mmHg, IC 95 %: 0.1 a 6.3), el colesterol total (-0.87 mmol/ L; IC 95 %: 0.57 a 1.17), el colesterol LDL (-0.84mmol/ L, IC 95 %: 0.55 a 1.13) y la HbA1c (-1.32 %, IC 95 % - 0.17 a 2.80) mejoraron significativamente. El análisis temático de los datos cualitativos revela que el programa, mediante la estimulación de valores de la salud, la ética y la integridad, favorece la transformación de la elección de alimentos hacia una postura más centrada en los AVMP durante un período clave del ciclo de vida (e.g. la jubilación temprana). Otros determinantes que pueden promover la adopción de una postura alimenticia más centrada en los AVMP han sido identificados, incluyendo los beneficios significativos observados a corto plazo, la falta de restricción en la cantidad de AVMP y el desarrollo de habilidades de planificación en la adquisición y preparación de alimentos. Conclusiones: Un programa de intervenciones educativas que favorece el consumo de AVMP mejora el perfil cardio-metabólico de las personas pre-jubiladas no sólo gracias a sus características intrínsecas, sino también al cambio de valores que intervienen en la elección de los alimentos.

7. SUMMARY This diploma thesis The information value and acceptability of forecasting is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part the forecasting is described as a product of television newscast. I deal with the fact of forecasting entering the media communication. I deal with the information value that forecasts bring and show the way a piece of information is transferred from a producer to an addressee relating to the process of coding and decoding. I describe the acceptability of forecasts and its elements influencing comprehension. In relation to acceptability, textual linguistics is discussed in a separated subchapter. The last theoretical part deals with semiotics and semantics. These disciplines deal mainly with meaning and sings and that is the reason why they are not important only in the theoretical part but also in an analyzing part of this thesis. The analyzing part is based on semiotic survey analysis dealing with individual components of forecasts (visual, audio and audio-visual). The aim of this thesis is to find out which of components of forecasting brings the highest information value to respondents and which is best comprehensible for addressees. The survey results demonstrate that it is the audio forecasting that has a high information value and brings...

Pescado é o termo genérico que compreende peixes, crustáceos, moluscos, anfíbios, quelônios, mamíferos de água doce e salgada, usados na alimentação humana. De acordo com a Food and Agricultural Organization o comércio de peixes e derivados está na linha de frente na questão de segurança alimentar. Trata-se da commodity mais comercializada internacionalmente. Quaisquer comprometimentos da qualidade do pescado geram prejuízos para todos os participantes da cadeia produtiva: parte da produção acaba sendo descartada; o preço final passa a não ser competitivo com outras fontes de proteína animal e, em termos de inocuidade, aumentam as probabilidades do pescado em transmitir perigos biológicos e químicos ao consumidor. Imediatamente após a captura, o pescado deve ser submetido, ainda no barco, à conservação no gelo. A necessidade de aperfeiçoamento dos produtos alimentícios levou ao desenvolvimento e aprimoramento das análises sensoriais, capazes de avaliar as características identificáveis pelos sentidos humanos. No caso do pescado são empregadas como técnica de rotina para a inspeção em entrepostos e indústrias de processamento. Trata-se do recurso mais utilizado para se julgar o grau de frescor dos produtos aquáticos, durante o processo de comercialização. Sob as considerações acima, o presente estudo teve por objetivo explorar os atributos sensoriais de relevância na avaliação do frescor da pescada Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), utilizando a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e o Teste de Aceitabilidade e a partir daí, confrontar esses métodos com o Método do Índice de Qualidade identificando fatores favoráveis e limitantes para o uso desses recursos na avaliação da pescada em comercialização. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram concluir que: os atributos melhores explicadores na avaliação do frescor da pescada Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) são: coloração das brânquias; odor característico; odor pútrido; e avaliação global de frescor; o quanto você gostou do aroma do produto e cheiro de algas, fresco. É necessário e urgente que novos estudos desta natureza envolvendo outras espécies de pescado sejam realizados e da mesma forma seus resultados sejam amplamente divulgados tanto para os envolvidos na cadeia produtiva quanto para os consumidores finais. / Seafood is the generic term that includes fish, crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, aquatic reptiles, aquatic mammals used as food for Human beings. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization the fish and fish derivatives trade is at the forefront of the food safety issue. This is the most internationally traded commodity. Any seafood quality impairment generates losses to all participants in the production chain: part of the production tends to be dumped, the final price becomes less competitive in relation to other sources of animal protein, moreover, in terms of safety, the probability of biological and chemical hazards transmission to consumers through the seafood increases. Right after its capture, the fish should be put on ice, on the boat, in order to preserve it. The necessity to improve food products provided the development and improvement of sensory analysis, which was able to assess the characteristics identified by human senses. In relation to seafood, the sensory analysis is used as a routine technique for inspections in seafood warehouses and seafood processing industries. It is the most used resource for assesses the freshness degree of aquatic products during the marketing process. According to the considerations above, the present study aims to explore the relevance of sensory attributes in fish freshness assessment hake Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Test Acceptability and from that on, to confront these methods with the Index Quality Method IQM, identifying favorable and limiting factors for the use of these resources in product assessment hake in marketing. The results of this study showed that: the attributes which better described the hake Macrodon ancylodon freshness assessment (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) were: gills color; characteristic odor; putrid odor; and an overall freshness assessment; how much you liked the product flavor and the smell of seaweed, fresh. It is necessary and urgent that not only further researches of this nature involving other species of fish should be made but also their results should be widely spread out both to those involved in the production chain and to consumers

Notre recherche concerne les conditions d’acceptabilité de la parentalité dans deuxcirconstances : chez les personnes présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage qui souhaitent avoir un enfant et dans des conditions de procréation médicalement assistée post-mortem. Notre recherche est basée sur la Théorie Fonctionnelle de la cognition de Norman Anderson (1981). Concernant l’étude portant sur le désir de devenir parent chez des personnes atteintes d’un handicap mental : 304 participants ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité de chacun des 60 scénarios proposés, résultant de la combinaison de cinq facteurs : « degré de retard mental », « entourage familial », « stabilité de la relation », « partenaire » et « attitude des parents ». Pour l’étude portant sur la parentalité en faisant appel à une procédure de procréation médicalement assistée post-mortem : 166 participants ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité des 48 scénarios proposés. Ils résultent de la combinaison de quatre facteurs : « statut marital », « accord des beaux parents », « délai d’utilisation du sperme » et « souhait du conjoint ». Pour l’étude portant sur la parentalité des personnes présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage, il apparaît que les cinq facteurs manipulés jouent un rôle dans le jugement d’acceptabilité. Il s’agit par ordre croissant des facteurs : « entourage familial », « partenaire » « degré de retard mental », « stabilité de la relation» et « attitude des parents ». Concernant l’étude portant sur la parentalité dans des cas de procréation médicalement assistée postmortem, trois des quatre facteurs manipulés influencent le jugement d’acceptabilité des participants. Par ordre d’importance croissant, il s’agit des facteurs : « souhait du conjoint », « accord des beaux parents » et « statut marital ». Le facteur « délai d’utilisation du sperme » n’a pas eu d’effet significatif. / The purpose of this research is to assess the factors influencing the level of acceptability ofparenthood in two situations: people with learning disabilities who wish to have a child, and medically assisted post-mortem procreation. This study is based on the Functional Theory of Cognition of Norman Anderson (1981). Regarding the study on people with learning disabilities who wish to have child: 304 participants evaluated the acceptability of each of the 60 proposed scenarios resulting from a combination of five factors: "level of mental retardation", "family circle", "stability of the relationship", "partner" and "parents attitude". Concerning the study on parenthood via medically assisted post mortem procreation: 166 participants assessed the acceptability of the 48 proposed scenarios resulting from the combination of four factors: "marital status", "in-laws parent agreement", "sperm use period" and "wish of the spouse". Regarding the study on parenting for people with learning disabilities, it appears that all five factors play a role in the degree of acceptability: in ascending order "family circle", "partner", "degree of mental retardation", "stability of the relationship" and "parents attitude". Concerning the study of parenthood in cases of medically assisted post-mortem procreation; three of the four factors studied had an influence on the participants' acceptability. In order of importance, "wish of the spouse", "in-laws parents’ agreement" and "marital status" were mostly decisive. The "sperm use period" factor had no significant effect.

Cette thèse fournit des éléments pertinents dans la prédiction de l'intention d'usage d'un progiciel de gestion intégrée (PGI) dans le secteur de transport aérien en Tunisie. L'introduction de ce type de progiciel implique des changements au niveau de l'organisation du travail et des appréhensions au niveau des salariés en regard de sa complexité. Le premier objectif empirique de ce travail est de relever les rôles respectifs du sentiment d'auto-efficacité, le sentiment de contrôle comportemental perçu et la charge subjective du travail dans le choix d'adoption de ces progiciels (étude 1). Les résultats indiquent qu'une synergie est bien présente entre les éléments indiqués et qu'ils influencent de manière significative le recours à l'utilisation des PGI. L'auto-efficacité informatique et le contrôle perçu favorisent l'intention le recours à l'usage des PGI de manière directe et indirecte via les perceptions d'utilité et d'utilisabilité relatives au progiciel. Tandis que la charge subjective de travail entrave le recours à l'utilisation de cet outil. Les composantes de la charge subjective de travail (la charge mentale, la charge temporelle, la demande en effort et en performance et la frustration) ont ainsi un poids considérable dans la formation de l'intention d'usage de ce progiciel. La principale source de cet effet négatif est due au sentiment de frustration que pourrait ressentir le salarié lors de l'usage d'un PGI. L'étude des différentes formes de la frustration (étude 2) suggère un impact plus important du sentiment de découragement que le sentiment de stress perçu sur l'utilisabilité et l'intention d'usage des PGI. Cette présente thèse a un double objectif : une contribution théorique sur le rôle des déterminants émotionnels sur l'intention d'usage des progiciels de gestion intégrée et une contribution pratique puisque ce travail permet de repenser la décision d'investissement en l'implémentation du progiciel et canaliser les efforts des formateurs afin de diminuer la charge subjective chez les salariés lors de l'utilisation effective de l'outil. / This thesis provides us with relevant factors which served as predictions of intentions used through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in the air transport sector in Tunisia. The introduction of such type of package implies changes in work's organizations and employees' apprehensions since it is to be considered as a complex process. The first empirical objective of this work is to pinpoint respectively the main role of the sense of self-efficacy, the perceived behavioral control and subjective workload in choosing adoption of such packages (study 1). The results indicate that interrelatedness is well marked and therefore, it has a significant influence in the use of the ERP. Both computer's self-efficiency and experienced self-control lead to a direct or indirect use of ERP through the perceived utility and relative usability of the package. Whereas, the subjective aspect of the workload go against a good use this tool. The components of subjective workload (mental workload, temporal workload, asked efforts, performance's level and frustration) have considerable effect in the formation of good willingness for the use of such software. This experienced negative effect stems its origins from the employee's frustration when using an ERP system. The study of different forms of frustration (Study 2) suggests that a greater impact is to be recorded, and then, a feeling of discouragement is far to be dismissed and it can be considered as more important than the perceived stress related with usability of the ERP. The present thesis has two layers of research: the first is a kind of theoretical contribution on the role of emotional determinants on the intentional use of ERP systems and the second is a practical contribution since it paves the way to a rethinking of the decisional invest in the implementation of such a package's in-put and therefore it mainstreams the effort of educators in the aim to reduce the subjective burden among employees during an actual and efficient use of the tool.