The development of affirmative action strategies designed to achieve equal employment opportunity has been studied along six dimensions of functioning within four separate organisations. Three of these organisations were participants in the Federal Government's Affirmative Action Pilot Program in 1984/5, and one was not. It has been shown that change occurred in a continuous developmental sequence, here called an "Affirmative Action Continuum", within each of these six dimensions over the period of study, with each organisation following a similar sequence of movement. Exceptions occurred where an organisation made no movement at all, or where one or more of the sequential processes was omitted or displaced, in a dimension. The reasons for some of these exceptions, and some of their consequences for later action, have been explored. It has been shown that simultaneous activity occurred across several, dimensions, so that no organisation acted upon only one dimension in isolation from all others. There was some chronological sequencing between dimensions. The indicators of movement along the Affirmative Action Continuum within each dimension were used to describe the change process in each organisation. These indicators proved to be useful both in this regard, and in placing each organisation an the Affirmative Action Continuum in each dimension at two different points in time. In this way, the indicators' usefulness was shown to generalise to four very different institutions, thus suggesting applicability beyond the bounds of this particular study. It is intended that the results of this dissertation, and in particular the model of the Affirmative Action Continuum and the indicators described in Chapter Two, be used by Equal Employment Opportunity practitioners to facilitate their decision making about sequencing of activities designed to achieve equal employment oppportunity.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T12:33:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Clara Capel de Ataídes - 2018.pdf: 10469915 bytes, checksum: 175fd248c379765871366443d33d9349 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T15:27:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Clara Capel de Ataídes - 2018.pdf: 10469915 bytes, checksum: 175fd248c379765871366443d33d9349 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T15:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Clara Capel de Ataídes - 2018.pdf: 10469915 bytes, checksum: 175fd248c379765871366443d33d9349 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This dissertation focuses on the role of the Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC), or Peasant Women’s Movement, and its implications in contemporary agrarian society. Firstly, the MMC’s practices and aims were analysed from the standpoint of the group’s historical formation, members, and demands. An assessment was made of the way the group first came into contact with the agrarian issue that was being debated during the 1960s and 1970s, a period which served as the background for its strategy development. The MMC’s characteristic feminism, the specificities of its members, and its demands for agroecology, creole seeds, and food sovereignty were also addressed, to show how the organization’s actions were construed. Secondly, the moral economy of protests, recognition theory, and public activism are used to demonstrate its strategic struggle. Lastly, this study sheds light on the group’s specific role in Goiás state, Brazil, analysing the identities of peasant women and the popular peasant feminism they posit. / A dissertação tem como objeto a atuação do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC) e suas implicações na sociedade agrária atual. As práticas e objetivos do MMC, primeiramente, foram analisados com fundamento na formação histórica do movimento, nos sujeitos que o compõem e suas reivindicações. Avalia-se como o movimento se inseriu na questão agrária que se desenrolou a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970, contexto formador de suas estratégias. O feminismo característico do MMC, as particularidades das mulheres que dele fazem parte e as reivindicações pela agroecologia, sementes crioulas e soberania alimentar são exploradas também com o intuito de demonstrar como foram construídas as ações da organização. Em um segundo momento, a Economia Moral dos Conflitos, a Teoria do Reconhecimento e o Ativismo Público são utilizados para demonstrar a luta estratégica do movimento em questão. Por último, as especificidades da atuação do MMC foram evidenciadas no estado de Goiás, no qual foram analisadas a identidade das camponesas e o Feminismo Camponês Popular que elas propõem.

Identifying pathways of agricultural development that enable substantial productivity improvements is of prime importance for food security and human development across Sub-Saharan Africa. To ensure long-term welfare for its people and landscapes, it is imperative that such agricultural transformations are environmentally sustainable. This study explores the case of Ethiopia and aims to assess constraints and opportunities for a sustainable agricultural transformation, by analysing a) the governance context, b) narratives of agricultural development, and c) strategies employed by “green” non-state actors in the agricultural sector to lever change in the direction they perceive as desirable. By assessing the governance structure, the study finds that many non-state actors face significant legal and practical barriers to action, and that the strong government domination and rigid structures provide limited opportunities for influence. Further, the study finds that agricultural policy is dominated by a “Green Revolution”-inspired narrative focused on production and productivity, although food security and environmental rehabilitation narratives exist alongside. Issues of agricultural production and natural resource management are found to be largely decoupled in policy, which constitutes another barrier for green non-state actors working across the divide. Given these challenging conditions, green non-state actors in Ethiopia choose a strategy of close collaboration with government institutions, which, while offering the possibility of large-scale impact, may also reduce the prospects for more radical change. Applying current theories of sustainability transformations to a new type of system, the study concludes with a call for new conceptualisations of endogenous and exogenous change in future research to ensure that the theory fits a broader range of social-ecological realities.

Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa förståelsen och få en bild av vad som påverkar nyutexaminerade socialsekreterares dagliga arbete inom området barn och unga. Utifrån syftet har vi sökt svaret genom följande frågeställningar: Vilka organisatoriska faktorer påverkar nyutexaminerade socialsekreterares möjligheter att utföra ett, enligt dem, gott socialt arbete? Vilka handlingsstrategier använder nyutexaminerade socialsekreterare för att möta utmaningar i det dagliga sociala arbetet? Hur ser de organisatoriska och personliga förutsättningarna ut för tillämpning av mod i det praktiska sociala arbetet? Vi har använts oss av semi-strukturerade intervjuer av fem nyutexaminerade socialsekreterare verksamma i olika delar av landet. Materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av två copingbaserade teorier, Hirschmans (1970) teori om sorti, protest och lojalitet samt Astviks och Melins (2016) teori om överlevnadsstrategier. Resultatet visade att bristfällig introduktion, hög arbetsbelastning och hög personalomsättning påverkar möjligheterna att utföra ett gott arbete negativt. En hög tillit till ledningen och arbetsgruppen samt goda möjligheter till kollegialt stöd påverkar möjligheterna att utföra ett gott arbete positivt. De handlingsstrategier vi fann att socialsekreterarna använde sig av var att jobba över eller hoppa över raster för att hinna med, stänga av känslomässigt för att orka med arbetsbelastningen, lägga över ansvaret på någon annan och att ta avstånd från kollegor för att orka med den höga personalomsättningen. Möjligheterna att tillämpa mod i det praktiska sociala arbetet påverkas av organisatoriska faktorer som gruppens sammansättning, tillit till ledningen och ledningens bemötande. Personliga förutsättningar som kan påverka användandet av mod är tidigare erfarenheter och vilka personliga egenskaper som socialarbetaren besitter. / The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of and gain insight into what influences the daily work of newly graduated social workers in the field of children and youth. Based on this purpose, we have sought answers through the following research questions: What organizational factors affect the ability of newly graduated social workers to perform what they consider good social work? What strategies do newly graduated social workers use to address challenges in their daily social work? What are the organizational and personal conditions for applying courage in practical social work? We conducted semi-structured interviews with five newly graduated social workers working in different parts of the country. The material was then analyzed using two coping-based theories, Hirschman's (1970) theory of exit, voice and loyalty, as well as Astvik and Melin's (2016) theory of survival strategies. The results showed that inadequate introduction and support, high workload and high staff turnover negatively affect the opportunities to do a good job. A high level of trust in management and the work group, as well as good opportunities for collegial support, positively affects the opportunities to perform good work. The action strategies we found that the social workers used were working overtime or skipping breaks to catch up, shutting down emotionally to cope with the workload, shifting responsibility to someone else and distancing them-selves from colleagues to cope with the high staff turnover. The opportunities to apply courage in practical social work are affected by organizational factors such as the composition of the group, trust in management and patterns in leadership behavior. Personal conditions that can affect the use of courage are previous experiences and what personal qualities the social worker possesses

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1637656 bytes, checksum: 2558391ca24337ea0a2484a143e4a404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study had as objective to analyze the diffusion of teaching strategies buoyed by the perspective of action learning in the graduate course in Business Administration at the Federal University of Paraíba. To achieve this purpose was established the following specific objectives: a) Characterize the perspective of learning used by teachers in the teaching of subjects of the formation professional in the course of Administration of the UFPB b) Identify the teaching strategies used by teachers in the teaching of subjects of the formation professional in the course of Administration of the UFPB c) Identify the use of the teaching-in-action strategies by teachers in the teaching of subjects of the formation professional in the course of Administration of the UFPB. To understand the subject of the work was carried out the theoretical basis that approach adult education, self-directed learning, transformative learning, action learning, strategies teaching for higher education and teaching-in-action strategies (case method, PBL - problem based learning, simulations and business games). The work was guided by the interpretive paradigm and used a qualitative approach, since the researcher is interested in analyzing the diffusion of teaching strategies from the meanings constructed by the research subjects, from their experiences. The study was conducted with ten teachers of the undergraduate course in Business Administration UFPB through interviews that after transcribed, supported the categorization of speech to perform the analysis process, which was structured around the following themes: perspectives of learning, teaching strategies, teaching-in-action strategies and the specific teaching-in-action strategies. The latter was developed from the reports of teachers about the characteristics identified as essential and limiting for their teaching action. These characteristics are those identified in the teaching-in-action strategies that are similar to the perspectives of action learning. Each theme has several interrelated categories that result from the meanings of the speeches analyzed using basic qualitative study. The results of the work revealed that teachers adopt traditional teaching strategies, more expository and sometimes unaware of the teaching-in-action strategies. They indicate some factors for non-adoption, such as lack of institutional support and governmental, the lack of resources and of structure, lack of knowledge of teachers about such strategies, the limited time, the disinterest of the teacher and student and immaturity the student. With this, the teachers surveyed suggest some elements that can support the dissemination of teaching- in-action strategies as the engagement of all in the learning process, conducting educational meetings, culture change and the incentive of interdisciplinarity. Thus, the learning process may result in the transformation of meaning perspectives of students. Finally, some implications and recommendations were present to contribute to the development of studies involving teaching strategies related to other dimensions of the action learning system and to promote improvements in the quality of higher education in business administration. / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a difusão das estratégias de ensino balizadas pela perspectiva da aprendizagem em ação no Curso de Graduação em Administração da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Para alcançar este propósito foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) Caracterizar as perspectivas de aprendizagem utilizadas pelos docentes no ensino de disciplinas de formação profissional do curso de Administração da UFPB; b) Identificar as estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelos docentes de disciplinas de formação profissional do curso de Administração da UFPB; c) Identificar o uso das estratégias de ensino em ação pelos docentes de disciplinas de formação profissional do curso de Administração da UFPB. Para compreender a temática do trabalho foi realizada a fundamentação teórica que aborda a educação de adultos, a aprendizagem autodirecionada, a aprendizagem transformadora, a aprendizagem em ação, as estratégias de ensino da educação superior e as estratégias de ensino em ação (método de casos, PBL aprendizagem baseada em problemas, simulações e jogos empresariais). O trabalho foi orientado pelo paradigma interpretativo e utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que o pesquisador está interessado em analisar a difusão das estratégias de ensino a partir dos significados construídos pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, a partir de suas experiências. O estudo foi realizado com dez professores do curso de graduação em Administração da UFPB, por meio de entrevistas que, após transcritas, subsidiaram a categorização dos discursos para realização do processo de análise, que foi estruturado a partir dos seguintes temas: perspectivas de aprendizagem, estratégias de ensino, estratégias de ensino em ação e as especificidades das estratégias de ensino em ação. Este último foi desenvolvido a partir dos relatos dos professores acerca das características apontadas como fundamentais e limitadoras para a sua ação docente. Essas características são aquelas identificadas nas estratégias de ensino em ação que se assemelham às perspectivas da aprendizagem em ação. Cada tema apresenta várias categorias inter-relacionadas que resultam dos significados dos discursos, analisados por meio do estudo qualitativo básico. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que os docentes adotam estratégias de ensino tradicionais, mais expositivas e, por vezes, desconhecem as estratégias de ensino em ação. Eles indicam alguns fatores para a sua não adoção, tais como a falta de apoio institucional e governamental, a falta de recursos e de estrutura, ausência de conhecimento dos docentes sobre tais estratégias, o tempo limitado, o desinteresse do professor e do aluno e a imaturidade do discente. Com isso, os professores pesquisados sugerem alguns elementos que podem subsidiar a difusão das estratégias de ensino em ação como o engajamento de todos no processo de aprendizagem, a realização de encontros pedagógicos, a mudança de cultura e o incentivo a interdisciplinaridade. Assim, o processo de aprendizagem pode resultar na transformação das perspectivas de significado dos estudantes. Por fim, foram apresentadas algumas implicações e recomendações, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estudos envolvendo as estratégias de ensino relacionadas às demais dimensões do sistema de aprendizagem em ação e promover melhorias na qualidade do ensino superior em Administração.

This study involves a survey of the writers’ opinions on the internet forum Flashback about the national norms coverage. The study also contains the internet forum writers proposed action strategies for supply when living on the national norm. Thereby this study is aiming to visualize the living situation when living on the national standards. Previous research shows how the national norm does not seem to live up to a reasonable standard of living as well as the national norm has not evolved with changes in society.  Further the previous research shows how difficult it can be to live on a narrow economy which connects to one of the study’s questions about coping strategies. There are shortcomings in previous research on the study’s topic since previous research focuses little on people’s opinions. Accordingly the authors’ whishes to highlight the writers’ opinions on the internet forum Flashback through a quantitative study content analysis. This study has chosen to analyze the data and the results using Bourdieu´s theories about the social room, field, habitus and the forms of capital. These theories are intended to be useful in interpreting the study’s results. The result shows that the writers believe that the national norm is to narrow and does not fulfill all the needs entries. Despite this result the writers believe it is possible to achieve a reasonable standard of living when living on welfare benefits. These results can be contradictory and therefore interesting which is why the authors question how these views emerged. The contradictory results create an additional finding which is that the writers on the internet forum may not have understood how it is meant to live on the national norm.

L’élévation des niveaux marins accélérée par le changement climatique fait l'objet d'uneattention soutenue au niveau international depuis les années 1990. L’adaptation des littorauxau changement climatique est désormais en voie d’institutionnalisation de l’échelleinternationale jusqu’au niveau local. La thèse analyse les processus de mise en politique del’adaptation au changement climatique sur les littoraux français, à partir de deux cas d’étudecontrastés dans leur histoire, leurs politiques d’aménagement et leurs configurations sociales,mais traversés par des processus analogues d’attractivité et de vulnérabilité face auxsubmersions marines et à l’érosion côtière : la côte aquitaine et le littoral martiniquais.La thèse soutient que la mise en politique de l’adaptation au changement climatique en zonescôtières procède d’une gouvernance performative, définie comme un ensemble de dispositifset d’énoncés visant à faire advenir des mesures d’adaptation en les mettant à l’épreuve duréel. La thèse propose de montrer qu’entre une planification par intégration du changementclimatique dans les politiques littorales existantes (plan national d’adaptation, plans deprévention des risques littoraux…), et des formes d’expérimentation de nouvelles optionsd’adaptation (relocalisation des biens et des activités ou repli stratégique), émerge une« nouvelle gestion publique des risques » littoraux. Pour cette dernière, le concept de stratégied’action publique rend compte de ces formes d’instrumentation qui visent à encadrer, àrationaliser et à faire émerger de nouveaux référentiels gestionnaires (comme l’adaptation etla préparation) par de l’expertise scientifique et technique, par des procédures collaborativeset de la concertation citoyenne en vue d’une responsabilisation individuelle et collective desacteurs locaux.L’analyse des discours, des logiques d’acteurs et des instruments visant à légitimer une actionpublique guidée par l’anticipation et la préparation face aux risques et aux menaces, mobilisela sociologie de l’action publique, la sociologie des sciences et de l’expertise, et la sociologiepragmatique des problèmes publics. Des enquêtes par observation directe de situations denégociation et de concertation, par entretiens et par analyse de documents d’expertise et deplanification ont été menées sur chaque terrain d’étude ; une enquête par questionnaire a étéconduite sur la commune de Lacanau afin d’appréhender l’expérience des citoyens-usagersriverainsface à l’évolution et au recul du trait de côte. / Sea level rise accelerated by climate change is of major concern at international scale since the 1990’s. From now on, climate change adaptation is institutionalized from global to local scales. I analyze policy making processes related to climate change adaptation in French coastal areas. Two qualitative case studies are at the heart of the thesis: Aquitaine coastline and Martinique Island (French West Indies). They are contrasted in their history, their coastal planning policy and their social dynamics, though they share common processes of attractiveness and vulnerability to submersion and coastal erosion. I analyze discourses, actors and policy instruments in the legitimization of anticipation and preparation as guiding principles to cope with coastal risks and threats. The theoretical framework builds on political sociology of science and policy, as well as insights from pragmatic sociology. Direct observation of local, regional and national consultation and steering committees, semi-structured interviews and documentation analysis are the key methodological approaches. A questionnaire survey has been conducted in the coastal town of Lacanau, on Aquitaine coastline, in order to analyze the way in which residents and users experiment coastal retreat. The main line of argumentation advanced in this thesis is that coastal adaptation to climate change proceeds with performative governance, by which policy devices and narratives are geared towards building adaptation policies upon their interpretive effects. I demonstrate how climate adaptation mainstreaming and planning (adaptation and coastal risks prevention plans…) is combined with experimentalist forms to govern new adaptation options (like planned retreat) and with a new public risk management in which political and institutional risks are as important to prevent as socio-ecological vulnerabilities. The concept of “public action strategy” is built to better capture these forms of managerial policy instruments used for framing, rationalizing and performing a governance of preparedness and adaptation, by means of expert knowledge, collaborative procedures and concertation to render local actors accountable for their own security. State steering practices and decentralization policies are key processes shaping coastal adaptation and risk regulation. This new public risk management strengthens expert configurations for defining and operationalizing coastal risks policy strategies.

This report analyzes the current greenhouse gas emissions inventory for The University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin), reviews the carbon reduction strategies being implemented at UT-Austin and other peer institutions, and offers recommendations for strategies that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions at UT-Austin in the future. / text