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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents: Role of Social Support and Disclosure

Bailey, Lisa Danielle 26 April 2009 (has links)
During adolescence, peer relationships become increasingly important in various aspects of development, such as self-esteem and emotional adjustment. Unfortunately, a number of adolescents experience peer victimization, placing them at increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Research has consistently demonstrated the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. However, exploration of the mechanisms underlying this link, including potential buffers of negative outcomes, is needed. The current study examined social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and maladjustment in order to assess whether social support from adults and peers protects adolescents from developing emotional and/or behavioral problems. The current study also examined disclosure of victimization to explore the role of a specific type of enacted social support in the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. Adolescents (N = 633) in grades 10 through 12 completed a background questionnaire, the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Youth Self-Report. Regression analyses were used to evaluate social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing behaviors and to explore the role of disclosure. Overall, peer victimization predicted higher levels of social anxiety, anxiety/depression, and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. Strength and direction of moderation effects varied according to the type of peer victimization and source of social support and type of disclosure. The results of this study further our understanding of mechanisms underlying the link between peer victimization and maladjustment and can be used to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
2

De sköra lekbubblorna : en essä om den fria lekens betydelse i förskolan / The fragile playbubbles : an essay about the importance of free play in preschool

Valverde, Jessica January 2012 (has links)
Den här essän handlar om den fria leken i förskolan och pedagogens roll i relation till leken. Jag argumenterar för att pedagogens roll inte är att stå utanför leken. Det handlar om att vara delaktig i barnens lek utan att styra eller ta över den. Essän har sin utgångspunkt i två olika berättelser där jag som pedagog möter leken ur två olika perspektiv, först som deltagare och senare som observatör. Jag reflekterar kring berättelsen och min roll som pedagog med hjälp av pedagogisk forskning om lek (Knutsdotter Olofsson), fantasi (Vygotskij) och om pedagogens betydelse för barnets utveckling i förskolan (Öhman). En problematik på förskolan är de många, oftast onödiga avbrotten vi pedagoger orsakar i barnens lekar och jag funderar i essän över hur man kan minska dessa avbrott. Här problematiserar jag också ett arbetssätt som jag och mina kollegor använder oss av för att ge barnen mer tidsutrymme för lek. I min text funderar jag också över om den fria leken i förskolan är till för alla barn. Många barn behöver vuxenstöd i samspelet med andra. Det innebär många gånger att vi pedagoger måste styra in det barnet på aktiviteter som han eller hon inte alltid fått välja själv. Därför ställer jag slutligen frågan om den fria leken är till för alla barn i förskolan. Om inte, hur skapar vi förutsättningar i vår strävan att göra den fria leken tillgänglig för alla barn? / This essay is about free play in preschool and the pedagogue’s role in relations to children’s play. I am arguing that the pedagogue’s role is not to stand beside the play. This is about being involved in the children´s play without controlling or taking over it. The essay is based on two different situations where I as a pedagogue encounter the play from two different perspectives: first as a participant and later as an observer. I reflect on the situations and my role as a pedagogue with the help of educational research on play (Knutsdotter Olofsson), fantasy (Vygotskij) and the pedagogue significance for the child’s development in preschool (Öhman). A problem in preschool consists in the many and often unnecessary interruptions the pedagogues are causing in the children´s play. Therefore, I am in this essay investigating how one can minimize those interruptions. Here I also problematize a working method which can be used in order to give the children more time-space for play. In my text I am also questioning if all children at preschool can participate in what we call “free play”. Many children need adult support in interaction with others. This implies many times that pedagogues must guide a child into activities not chosen by the child itself. Because of that, my final question is if free play in preschool is available for all children. If not, how can we create conditions in our effort to make the free play available for all children at preschool?
3

Exploring the meaning of protection from abuse : problem construction in Scottish adult support and protection practice and policy

Sherwood-Johnson, Fiona January 2013 (has links)
This PhD project by publication begins to explore how Scottish adult support and protection (ASP) policy and practice carves out its role and remit. It examines the ways that concepts like “abuse”, “vulnerability” and “protection” have been constructed, both by individual practitioners and at a policy level. The submission comprises five papers published in peer-reviewed journals and this contextualising document, which knits together the work and draws out overall conclusions and implications. The papers themselves report on a literature review, a further analysis of case study research into ASP practice and a critical policy comparison. The case study research was conducted immediately prior to legislative changes in Scotland with respect to ASP, and the policy comparison was conducted subsequently to these changes. Overall, the findings highlight the ways that a social constructionist approach can usefully deepen our understandings of ASP. That is, they show how understanding concepts like “protection”, “vulnerability” and “abuse” to be actively constructed in unique and complex contexts can promote criticality in policy-making, practice and research.
4

”Allt handlar om en bra och säker framtid - Om ensamkommande ungdomars strävan efter att bli en del av svensk arbetsmarknad” / “Everything is about a good and secure future - About unaccompanied young people’s striving to become part of the Swedish labor market”

Esfandiari, Enrico January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Ett centralt motiv för forskning mot ensamkommande ungdomar är att återge ungdomarnas egna röster och upplevelser och arbeta utifrån deras egna perspektiv (Darvishpour, Månsson, 2019). I tidigare forskning är utgångspunkten ofta myndighets -eller det offentligas perspektiv (Månsson, 2016). Flyktingar har generellt ofta beskrivits som ett hot mot den nationella kollektiva identiteten (Ahmadi & Lilja, 2018). Samhälleliga förändringar påverkar i stor grad nyanlända barn och ungdomar. För den ensamkommande gruppen av barn innebär flykten i sig en särskilt otrygg situation utan egen familj och det skyddsnät som denna utgör (Darvishpour & Månsson, 2019). För den ensamkommande gruppen är förvärvsarbetet (i studien refererat till som ”arbetet”) viktigt för en lyckad integration. Detta kan bidra till bättre möjligheter att få stanna kvar i landet. Därför är det av särskild vikt att genomföra samtal med ungdomarna och introducera ungdomens perspektiv i ledet mot en lyckad integration i det svenska samhället. Vuxenförebilder, familjehemsföräldrar och gode män kan innebära stor praktisk nytta för de ensamkommande ungdomarna. Det handlar om att samtliga dessa parter måste ta hänsyn till ungdomsperspektivet för en lyckad integration (Stretmo & Melander, 2013).  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta reda på ensamkommande ungdomars upplevelser i anskaffandet av ett arbete i Sverige. Det handlar om att undersöka vilken hjälp ungdomarna anser vara mest centralt i vägen mot ett arbete. Följande frågeställningar beaktas i studien;  • Vilka utmaningar och möjligheter upplever de ensamkommande ungdomarna när det gäller att söka arbete? • Vilket professionellt stöd upplever de ensamkommande ungdomarna att de erbjuds på vägen mot ett arbete? • Vilket vuxenstöd upplevs av ungdomarna som mest avgörande på vägen mot integration?  Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod. Dataproduktionen bestod av tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med ensamkommande ungdomar som rekryterades via privata kontakter i formen av ett bekvämlighetsurval. Denna ansats ansågs möjlig även under rådande pandemi. Intervjuerna transkriberades och en tematisk analys gjordes utifrån ett fenomenologiskt ramverk. Resultat och slutsatser: Genom en tematisk analys sammanställdes de ensamkommande ungdomars upplevelser. De teman som framkom var fem stycken och handlade om: 1. ”Nycklar till en lyckad integration” som handlar om att integreras i samhället, ”Ensamkommande ungdomar utan permanent uppehållstillstånd” som handlar om oro och osäkerhet hos ungdomarna,  2. ”Samhälleligt stöd skapar trygghet för den ensamkommande individen” som centralt handlar om vuxenstöd utifrån. 3. ”Vikten av nätverk för etablering på arbetsmarknaden” som handlar om kontaktnät och att knyta socialt nätverk,  4. ”Framtidsplaner för den ensamkommande individen” som till stor del handlar om inre ambitioner. Studieområdet är inte utforskat och det handlar om att fokusera uppmärksamhet på att ungdomarnas egna upplevelser bidrar med mycket nytta till forskningsfältet inom barn och ungdomsvetenskap. Fokus bör vara att prioritera synsättet som inkluderar ungdomarnas tolkningar och synsätt, istället för att beskriva ungdomarna utifrån ett om-perspektiv. Forskningen bör handla om arbetet med ungdomarna istället för att berätta om ungdomarna. Dessutom förutsätter ett lyckat integrationsarbete att ungdomarna bedöms som individer och inte som kategorier av ensamkommande, flyktingar eller migranter. När ungdomarnas perspektiv belyses, bidrar detta till värdefulla perspektiv. Inte minst i ledet att integrera ensamkommande ungdomar i den svenska arbetsmarknaden. / Background: A central motive for research against unaccompanied young people is to reproduce the young people's own voices and experiences and work from their own perspective (Darvishpour, Månsson, 2019). In previous research, the starting point is often the government or public perspective (Månsson, 2016). Refugees have generally often been described as a threat to the national collective identity (Ahmadi & Lilja, 2018). Societal changes greatly affect newly arrived children and young people. For the unaccompanied group of children, the refugee situation in itself means a particularly insecure situation without an own family and the safety net that this constitutes (Darvishpour & Månsson, 2019). For the unaccompanied group, employment (referred to in the study as “work”) is important for successful integration. This can contribute to better opportunities to stay in the country. Therefore, it is of particular importance to conduct conversations with the young people and introduce the young people's perspective in the direction of a successful integration into Swedish society. Adult role models, foster parents and good men can be of great practical benefit to the unaccompanied young people. It is about all these parties having to take into account the youth perspective for a successful integration (Stretmo & Melander, 2013).  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the experiences of unaccompanied young people in acquiring a job in Sweden. It is about examining what help young people consider to be most central in the path to a job. The following issues are considered in this study;  • What challenges and opportunities do unaccompanied minors experience when it comes to looking for work? • What professional support do the unaccompanied young people feel they are offered on the way to a job? • Which adult support is perceived by young people as most crucial on the road to integration? Method: This study is based on a qualitative method. The data production consisted of twelve semi-structured interviews conducted with unaccompanied young people who were recruited 5via private contacts in the form of a convenience sample. This approach was considered possible even during the current pandemic. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was made based on a phenomenological framework.  Results and conclusions: Through a thematic analysis, the experiences of unaccompanied young people were compiled. The themes that emerged were five and were about:  1. “Keys to a successful integration”, which deals with integration into society,  2. “Unaccompanied young people without a permanent residence permit”, which deals with the anxiety and insecurity of young people. 3. “Social support creates security for the unaccompanied individual”, which is centrally about adult support from outside. 4. “The importance of networks for establishment in the labor market”, which deals with contact networks and the connection of social networks,  5. “Future plans for the unaccompanied individual”, which is largely about inner ambitions.  The study area has not been explored and it is a matter of focusing attention on the fact that the young people's own experiences contribute with great benefit to the field of research in children and youth science. The focus should be on prioritizing the approach that includes the young people's interpretations and views, instead of describing the young people from a re-perspective. The research should be about working with young people instead of telling about young people. In addition, successful integration work presupposes that young people are assessed as individuals and not as categories of unaccompanied minors, refugees or migrants. When young people's perspectives are highlighted, this contributes to valuable perspectives. Not least at the stage of integrating unaccompanied young people into the Swedish labor market.

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