Thesis ( M.A. (Media Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / This study investigates the effects of televised alcohol advertisements on the drinking behaviour of youth in Praktiseer community of the Greater Tubatse Municipality. The nature and trends of alcohol consumption in South Africa are examined. The study also focuses on the impact of alcohol exposure, and the costs alcohol abuse can incur on the individual and society at large. The types of advertising models and the regulatory systems in advertising were identified. Data were collected through a self- administered questionnaire. The study hypothesised that the exposure to alcohol advertisements influences alcohol abuse among the youth. However, alcohol industry claims that the youth is not its niche market and hence should not be blamed for any abusive behaviour of alcohol by the youth. Just like the few studies interested in the effects of alcohol advertising, alcohol exposure and alcohol abuse, the present study also reveals that televised alcohol advertisements have a great influence in alcohol consumption among the youth in Praktiseer community.

This study re-evaluates the Consciousness Scale originally formulated by Pingree et al. in 1976. The element of assumed power was added to the Consciousness Scale, which was then used to evaluate 516 magazine advertisements from 1999 to determine if the Consciousness Scale still accurately evaluates sexism in media. A set of advertisements was culled which had contradictory Consciousness Scale and power ratings. The set was evaluated, revealing common themes, which created difficulty in coding these modern images. The study revealed that while the Consciousness Scale can still provide a valuable tool in evaluating media images, the change in the social dynamic of women as well as minorities and how advertisers portray them must be taken into account. The element of power as well as a more nuanced reading of each level of the Consciousness Scale creates a more modern and complex evaluation of gender images in the media.

This thesis aims to investigate women&amp / #8217 / s double-way relation to consumption, as both consumers and commodities. The major goal of the study is to examine the historical construction of women as pimary consuming class and how this relationship of women to consumption has evolved through time. Moreover, it is claimed that display of women as visual objects of male gaze in visual iconography, ideologies of beauty and body politics on women&amp / #8217 / s appearances resulted in commodification of women in the modern consumer culture. Additionally, a brief analysis of Turkish print advertisements for the period 1930-1970 is attempted with a view to demonstrating how Turkish middle-class women have been incorporated into newly emerging consumer culture and how this integration process has been perceived by advertisers.

The relationship between exposure to media images of ultra-thin models and body dissatisfaction has been documented in numerous correlational and experimental studies. Given the association between body dissatisfaction and negative outcomes such as eating disorders, prevention and intervention programs have sought to minimize the effects of the media on body dissatisfaction by, for example, providing education on the air-brushing techniques used to enhance the thinness of models depicted in advertisements. More recent efforts in Britain and France include the proposal of legislation that would require advertisements featuring hyper-thin models to include a disclaimer. To determine whether the inclusion of a disclaimer versus a warning message would decrease the effects of exposure to such magazine advertisements on body dissatisfaction and intent to diet, female undergraduate students (N = 283) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) disclaimer, (2) warning, (3) model control, (4) car control. Those in the experimental groups were exposed to advertisements edited to include either a disclaimer (i.e., "Retouched photograph aimed at changing a person's physical appearance.") or warning (i.e., "Warning: Trying to look as thin as this model may be dangerous to your health."); those in the model control group were exposed to the original, untouched advertisements, and those in the car control group viewed car advertisements. Results revealed a significant, but unexpected, effect of group on post-exposure body dissatisfaction. The car control group reported significantly lower post-exposure body dissatisfaction than the disclaimer, warning, and model control groups. The effects of exposure to magazine advertisements on intent to diet did not differ by group. Potential moderating roles of trait body dissatisfaction, physical appearance comparison, and internalization of the thin-ideal are examined. Implications, limitations, and future research ideas are discussed.

This paper focuses on the brand attitudes of generations Y in the areas of Canada and Sweden on YouTube advertisements. The goal of the paper was to see if there is a difference between the attitudes of the two different locations and how these attitudes affect brand recognition and purchase intentions of the products or services being advertised.

The first part of this dissertation explores whether interest group-sponsored political advertising campaigns influence how journalists frame health policy debates. The paper employs propensity score matching techniques, media content analysis and a modified version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to discern whether a prodigious and concentrated advertising campaign that aired during the health care reform debate under President Obama influenced newspaper coverage of the Affordable Care Act in markets that were exposed to the advertisements. The second part of the dissertation investigates public attitudes toward the various groups in the health care industry. It leverages data from an extensive public opinion survey conducted during the health care reform debate under President Obama, and employs survey weighted ordinal logistic regression models to understand public trust and confidence in a broad spectrum of interest groups, ranging from the American Medical Association to Blue Cross/Blue Shield to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The findings are particularly important and timely as the implementation battles surrounding the Affordable Care Act begin because citizens frequently take cues from interest group leaders to make sense of the political world, and public opinion frequently depends on how elites frame a particular issue. The final portion of the dissertation compares and evaluates several competing policy options designed to promote viewpoint diversity in extant policy debates. Several evaluative criteria are developed and applied to existing regulatory approaches to improving viewpoint diversity, and a novel approach is offered to better serve this ideal. Specifically, I propose a "marketplace of ideas tax" that would be levied on all political advertisements to endow a "marketplace of ideas trust fund," which would then be used to subsidize speech from underrepresented viewpoints. This approach leverages insights garnered from models of political learning and social science research concerning the role of political advertisements in contemporary health policy debates.

This dissertation explored the ways in which the everyday life practices of most urban Indians embodied the "modernization of tradition" (Hancock, 1999) and the role that media texts played in facilitating and encouraging this modernization. The research is based on six months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted from June through December 2005, in the south-Indian city of Chennai, which has traditionally been regarded as a conservative city. Examining the Indian media as a discursive site where normative ideologies are not only constructed but also co-constructed, the study explored and examined how the discourses of tradition and modernity were contested in the south Indian media. It also identified and interpreted the ways in which dominant ideologies at the nexus of color/caste and gender/morality were negotiated by an urban city and its residents in the move towards modernity.Data included three different but inter-related sub-genres of print media texts -- visual images, textual advertisements, and news articles. The primary dataset of visual images consisted of 300 product advertisements culled from four, nationally available, English-language magazines gathered from the two genres of news and film. Textual data sets comprising the matrimonial advertisements and the news articles were gathered from the local editions of two nationally-available English-language newspapers. The broader ethnographic investigation included participant observations, individual formal and informal interviews, and focus group discussions with adult residents of Chennai. The data were analyzed using a multi-discursive and multidisciplinary approach. The analyses were informed by conceptual approaches which included: social semiotics and the multimodal theory of communication, genre analysis, critical discourse and feminist critical discourse analyses, and alternative modernities.In examining the media texts as the site where dominant sociocultural ideologies were being constantly configured and reconfigured, the analyses identified and examined the workings of three interconnected themes - fairness (in relation to skin color), gender, and morality. Through these themes, the dissertation examined the larger contestations and negotiations between the discourses of traditions and modernities as experienced by adult residents of urban Chennai. The discourses of identity construction and reconstruction were thus examined at the nexus of the individual self situated within the larger frame of the city.

ABSTRACT Title: The defend of the picture – a comparison of recruitment advertisements from the Swedish Armed Forces / Bilden av försvaret– en jämförande studie av Försvarsmaktens rekryteringsannonser Number of pages: 35 Author: Greta Simonsson Tutor: Mats Lind Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Autumn Semester 2007 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Aim: Do the messages in the recruitment advertisements from the Swedish Armed Forces differ between such advertisements produced in the “defense against invasion” era and those produced in the present, more internationally oriented era, when analyzed using semiotics? And, how are these advertisements understood by their receivers? Material and method: Interviews, a focus group and semiotic analysis. Main results: The messages in the recruitment advertisements have changed. In line with the changed focus of the Swedish Armed Forces to more international cooperation and missions, the present day advertisements do indeed have a more international and aggressive focus. Keywords: Swedish Armed Forces, information, recruitment, advertisements, semeiotics.

In the Republic of Lithuania laws and Medicines advertising instructions regulate advertising of medicines. State medicines control agency (SMCA) Drug information and monitoring division is responsible for the control of medicines promotion. More attention is paid for the control of advertising of medicinal products, which are available on medical prescription only, and announced in the publications for the health specialists. Register of publications for health specialists is compiled by SMCA according Ministry of health consolidated criteria. Advertising of medicines for the public is screened by choice. SMCA initiate analysis of advertisements by itself or by influence of applications of pharmaceutical companies, supervising their competitors activity, health specialists or other persons notes about non – ethical, Medicines advertising instructions violating advertisements. During the research work the material about advertising of medicines, storied in the SMCA Drug information and monitoring division, was analyzed, commonly occurring violations of Medicines advertising instructions was determined. Following the suggestions of specialists of SMCA Drug information and monitoring division the periodic press was analyzed and results were compared. The most common violation of the Medicines advertising instructions was missing information about medicine in the advertising for health specialists. Others common violations include: misleading advertisements, medicines... [to full text]

Background: The skills and competencies of the professionals in the supply chain sector have been highlighted since the 1960s as an area of academic interest. In modern days there are reports and articles highlighting a “skills-gap” between employers’ requirements and business graduates. In the meanwhile youth unemployment is a contemporary, acknowledged European problem and therefore there shouldn’t be a gap between supply and demand of young talents. Therefore it raises questions as to why employers report lack of young talents and at the same time youth unemployment is on the rise. Purpose: The present thesis will answer part of the abovementioned questions. More specifically it will measure the part of employers’ expectations. For that reason it will investigate in a transparent and systematic way, the requirements that employers state they expect from business graduates within the supply chain function through published job advertisements. Method: Empirical data consist of 60 publically available job advertisements aiming at supply chain graduates. The collected empirical data were analysed by the means of quantitative content analysis and then cluster analysis.Results and conclusion: The contemporary supply chain graduate is expected to demonstrate an all-around personality. The most frequently requested skills were teamwork, problem-solving ability, effective communication, English, and having a responsible, mature and professional attitude. Suggestions for future research: A longitudinal study in a broader linguistic context would raise awareness on emerging skills and track changes over time.