AFRIKAANS : Artikel 30 (1) van die Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet (Wet 84 van 1996) bepaal dat skoolbeheerliggame van openbare skole die reg het om finansiële komitees in die lewe te roep wat die daaglikse bestuur van finansies in hul skole behartig. Individue wat dien op finansiële komitees van skoolbeheerliggame moet waarskynlik finansieël kundig wees om skoolfonds korrek te kan bestuur. Hierdie studie is uitgevoer met die doel om die volgende vrae te beantwoord: hoe bevoeg is finansiële komitees ten opsigte van finansiële vaardighede; op watter kennis steun finansiële komitees in hul finansiële besluitneming; en watter verband is daar tussen die skole se finansiële posisie en die finansiële kennis / opleiding van die finansiële komitees? Ten einde bogenoemde vrae te beantwoord het ek gebruik gemaak van ’n kombinasie van kwantitatiewe- en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes om data te verkwantifiseer en te vergelyk, sowel as om kwalitatiewe interpretasies te maak. ’n Semi-gestruktureerde vraelys is vir hierdie doel ontwerp en versprei onder die respondente van 20 openbare skole in die Ekurhuleni–Noord Distrik ( Gauteng). ENGLISH : Section 30 (1) of the South African Schools Act (Act 84 of 1996) state that School Governing Body of a public school do have the right to establish a Finance Committee to assist the school in managing it’s finances on a daily basis. It is surely recommended that individuals serving on these committees must have some form of financial knowledge or background. This study was conducted in order to get answers to the following questions: how equipped are Finance Committees with regard to financial skills; on what type of knowledge do Finance Committee members rely in their decision making; is there a connection between the financial state of the school and the financial knowledge / training of the Finance Committee? A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to gather quantitative and qualitative data from 20 public schools in the Ekurhuleni North District (Gauteng) in this regard. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Any factor that interferes with a child’s ability to interact with the environment in a normal manner is a potential source of, or contributing factor to, the presence of a developmental delay (Rossetti, 2001). According to Bam (2001) the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is considered as an established risk factor under the category of serious infections and does not only have a negative effect on the normal development of a child, but also leads to serious audiological complications (Bankaitis&Schountz, 1998). Heterogeneity of auditory manifestations in individuals with HIV/AIDS is a feature of this virus (Friedman&Noffsinger, 1998). When considering the wide spectrum of audiological problems associated with pediatric HIV/AIDS, the role of the audiologist in the treatment of these children are highlighted (Bankaitis, 1998). Effective treatment of this heterogeneous population can however only take place within a team of medical professionals as their complex needs require a wide spectrum of skills (McNeilly, 2000). In South Africa nursing personnel play an important role in the early identification of a hearing loss and other audiological abnormalities (Thathiah, 2001). Part of a nurse’s job involve the provision of services in hearing health care, therefore they can serve as assistants for the audiological profession (Thathiah, 2001). Although rehabilitation services in rural areas are limited, developmental disabilities can be prevented or minimized if it is identified early. Early identification of hearing losses and other audiological abnormalities associated with HIV/AIDS can however only take place if nursing personnel have the necessary knowledge and skills to address these problems efficiently. To thus provide optimal audiological services to children with HIV/AIDS nursing personnel must be able to function as a link between the audiologist and the community. In the light of the current government involvement with the provision of optimal health care service to people with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), it is necessary to recognize and address the audiological needs of these individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the perception of nursing personnel, working in state hospitals in North West, regarding the audiological manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the pediatric population. A quantitive research design was employed in the form of a descriptive survey. The knowledge of 156 nursing personnel, working in fifteen different state hospitals in North West, was assessed through the use of a self-constructed questionnaire. This research concluded that the majority of the nursing personnel do not have sufficient knowledge regarding hearing health care and HIV/AIDS within the pediatric population. The assumption can thus be made that these children don’t get sufficient and effective intervention services and this will effect their development as well as quality of life negatively. Furthermore, respondents appeared not to have fully realized the importance of their role as health workers within the audiological context. The nursing personnel identified a need for information regarding the audiological manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the pediatric population and there appears to be a specific role for the audiologist in training the nurses regarding this above mentioned issue. This study emphasizes the importance of early identification and intervention of hearing disorders in children, especially children with HIV, within South Africa and indicates the need for further research with regards to this population. / Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / unrestricted

The VAT treatment of over-allowances in the motor retail industry has proved contentious for South African Revenue Services (“SARS”). VAT legislation dictates that notional VAT may be claimed on the lower of the open market value and the consideration paid. The industry, however, claims notional VAT on the actual consideration paid for a used vehicle on the basis that a higher output VAT will be declared on the consequent sale of the new vehicle. This is because the over-allowance is offset against the lower discount granted. SARS allows this practice on account of SARS’ own issuance of a binding general ruling, provided certain criteria are met. This ruling is contained in the VAT Guide to Motor Dealers. This study performs an analysis of the current practice by South African motor retailers pertaining to over-allowances. The aim of the study is to determine the impact on the industry of the issuance of the Guide, both practically and from the perspective of compliance, focussing on VAT legislation and Competition Commission legislation. The study discusses the requirements contained in the Guide in the light of the Competitions Act and the practical benefits, and concludes that the industry is satisfied with the issuance of the Guide, despite its silence on the interpretation of certain key criteria. The industry has chosen to assume that, as SARS has acted reasonably in the issuance of the Guide, it would not expect the industry to deviate from any other legislation, including the Competitions Act. If SARS is not satisfied with this interpretation, the Guide will have to be amended to include definitions of terms such as “permissible discount”. AFRIKAANS : Die hantering van die toelating van oormatige BTW in die motorvoertuig-kleinhandelsindustrie is, insover dit die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (“SAID”) betref, omstrede. BTW-wetgewing bepaal dat geagte BTW gehef mag word op die laagste van ope markwaarde en die werklike bedrag betaal. In die motorvoertuigindustrie word BTW egter altyd gehef op die werklike bedrag betaal vir ‘n gebruikte voertuig met die veronderstelling dat hoër uitset BTW verklaar gaan word met die verkoop van ‘n nuwe voertuig wat die inruiltransaksie tot gevolg gaan hê. Daar word geredeneer dat die oortoelating van BTW uitgekanselleer gaan word deur ‘n laer afslag op die nuwe verkope. As gevolg van bindende bepalings in die BTW Handleiding vir Motorhandelaars, wat uitgereik is deur die SAID en die nakoming van sekere voorwaardes deur die motorhandelaars, laat die SAID hierdie praktyk toe. In hierdie mini-verhandeling word die vereistes wat in die Handleiding vervat is teen die agtergrond van die Wet op Mededinging en die praktiese voordele daarvan bespreek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die motorvoertuigindustrie tevrede is met die uitreiking van die Handleiding vir motorhandelaars ongeag die feit dat sekere sleutel aspekte nie in die Handleiding voldoende toegelig word nie. Die motorindustrie het die aanname gemaak dat SAID redelikerwys opgetree het deur die Handleiding uit te reik en sal daarom nie verwag dat die industrie van enige ander wetgewing sal afwyk nie, insluitende die Wet op Mededinging. As die SAID nie tevrede is met hierdie interpretasie nie sal dit beteken dat die Handleiding aangepas sal moet word om ander relevante terminologieë soos “toelaatbare afslag” beter te omskryf en te verduidelik. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Coventry, MA 2011, A critical analysis of the VAT implications of over-allowances in the South African motor retail industry, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03092012-112915 / > F12/4/77/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted

There has been a continuous increase in the popularity of interactive gambling in South Africa due to the wide range of channels in which the public can now quickly and easily access gambling opportunities. Although there is uncertainty related to whether or not interactive gambling is considered to be legal in South Africa, the total value of income earned from interactive gambling by South African residents is conservatively estimated to be between R4 billion and R10 billion per year. Unfortunately, due to the fact that interactive gambling does not have national boundaries, it is difficult to determine the true worth of the industry. There appears to be no academic research which has examined whether income received from interactive gambling qualifies to be taxed in terms of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. This study will contribute to an academic understanding of the interactive gambling industry in South Africa and an understanding of the South African Revenue Service’s (SARS’s) policies and practices relating to the taxation of income earned from interactive gambling by resident South African individuals. The purpose of this study was to critically analyse whether income earned from interactive gambling by resident South African individuals should be taxed by SARS. This study also investigated which laws currently regulate the interactive gambling industry within South Africa and how the regulation and taxation of interactive gambling in South Africa compares to that of other developing and developed countries. This study also investigated the legality and estimated value of interactive gambling income earned in South Africa by resident South African individuals. This study concluded that income earned from interactive gambling should be subject to either normal income tax or to capital gains tax (CGT), depending on the intention of the taxpayer. This study noted that enforcing regular reporting from local licensed interactive gambling service providers would be the best method of effectively collecting tax that is owed by interactive gamblers on income generated from this form of gambling in South Africa. This study further concluded that the most appropriate regulatory model to be applied in South Africa would be a protectionist model. This model protects the residents of a country by having a regulated interactive gambling industry that is protected from outside intruders. A regulated industry will result in economic benefits such as taxation, investment and employment within South Africa. The difficulties associated with electronic-commerce could be overcome through regulation of the industry which would be beneficial to SARS. AFRIKAANS : Inter-aktiewe dobbel onder die Suid-Afrikaanse publiek is baie populêr en het ‘n voortgesette toename vanweë die beskikbaarheid en toeganklikheid wat deur tegnologie daargestel word. Alhoewel daar onsekerheid is aangaande of inter-aktiewe dobbel wettig is al dan nie, word die inkomste wat deur Suid Afrikaanse inwoners verdien word konserwatief geraam en beloop tussen R4 en R10 biljoen per jaar. Aangesien die toeganklikheid wat deur die internet gebied word nie net tot Suid-Afrika beperk is nie, maar wêreldwyd strek, is dit feitlik onmoonlik om die waarde van die industrie te bepaal. Daar is tot op hede geen akademiese navorsing gedoen om te bepaal of inkomste verdien uit inter-aktiewe dobbel belasbaar is ingevolge die Inkomstebelastingwet 58 van 1962. Hierdie studie sal bydra tot ‘n akademiese begrip van SARS se beleid en die toepassing daarvan op inkomste verdien uit inter-aktiewe dobbel deur Suid-Afrikaanse individue. Dus was die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie om te bepaal of inkomste verdien uit interaktiewe dobbel deur ‘n Suid Afrikaanse individu deur SARS belasbaar is of nie en die aspekte krities te analiseer. Hierdie studie ondersoek ook die wette wat huidiglik die belasbaarheid van inkomste uit inter-aktiewe dobbel in Suid Afrika reguleer asook hoe die regulasies vergelyk met die van ander ontwikkelende en onwikkelde lande. Verder word ondersoek ingestel om die wettigheid van inter-aktiewe dobbel en die waarde daarvan te bepaal. Die gevolgtrekking is dat inkomste verdien uit inter-aktiewe dobbel onderhewig moet wees aan of normale belasting of kapitaalwinsbelasting. Die navorsing en studie toon ook dat daar gelisensieerde inter-aktiewe dobbel diensverskaffers moet wees wat dan die invordering van die inkomste uit hierdie tipe dobbel kan beheer en dat inter-aktiewe dobbelaars wel die nodige belasting oorbetaal uit inkomste verdien in Suid-Afrika op hierdie manier. Ter afsluiting van die navorsing word daar ‘n model voorgestel wat toegepas moet word in Suid-Afrika, eerstens om die inwoners van die land te beskerm deur ‘n goed-gereguleerde inter-aktiewe dobbel stelsel daar te stel en tweedens moet daar ook die nodige beskerming verleen word teen buitelandse indringers. ‘n Goed gereguleerde model vir die industrie sal voordelig wees vir Suid Afrika deurdat die belasbaarheid van die inter-aktiewe dobbelinkomste ‘n inspuiting vir die ekonomie kan wees, sowel as werkskeppingvoordele bied. Wetstoepassing en regulering van die industrie sal ook voordelig wees vir SARS aangesien die probleme wat nou geassosieer word met elektroniese-handel voorkom en tot die minimum beperk kan word. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Taxation / unrestricted

This study lays a foundation for the empirical mapping of the material production of Afrikaans fiction from 1990 to 2005. The primary research question, namely, how to map Afrikaans fiction production during this period, has been answered through both descriptive-qualitative and statistical-quantitative empirical research. In the first, contextual descriptive component, qualitative research is used to describe the context within which Afrikaans fiction production takes place. The impact of transformation shifts on the production and producer landscapes are mapped through a description of the publishing system. Within this system, book production is regarded as an institution that has inter-systemic relationships with other sub-systems, including institutional contexts (such as media, cultural, literary, educational and library sub-systems), as well as broader societal contexts (such as political, economic and technological contexts). Transformation shifts in the producer landscape (including the establishment, conglomeration, mergers, take-overs and closures of publishing houses) are described through profiling the relevant producers (including publishing houses and other kinds of producers) who contribute to this landscape. In the second, statistical empirical component, quantitative research is used to sketch the contours of Afrikaans fiction production through the construction of production and producer profiles. On a theoretical level, the study follows a sociological and institutional approach to empirical literary studies. This study has been positioned within the developing field of book and publishing studies, specifically within the parameters of the epistemology of production statistics. Itamar Even-Zohar’s poly-system theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the field of cultural production form the theoretical framework. Several methodological instruments were developed for the purpose of this study, including a new model of the publishing system, a database of production statistics (the Production Database of Afrikaans Fiction – PDAF), and two typologies of kinds of producers and fiction publications according to which both producer and production categories can be distinguished. The publishing system, the PDAF and the two typologies have been proven useful instruments for the mapping of book production. These instruments will contribute to the fields of book and publishing studies through their application to research on other production categories. The PDAF is a useful resource for measuring the growth and diversity of Afrikaans fiction production. The study concludes that Afrikaans fiction production between 1990 and 2005 was incisively influenced by transformation shifts. Publishing in this field became more challenging in that Afrikaans fiction production had to wean itself from the artificial institutional privilege and substantial state support it had enjoyed and was forced to become economically independent. By 2005, there were far fewer significant producers of Afrikaans fiction in the producer landscape than in 1990. In some production categories, fiction production has shrunk, while, in others, it has grown. Overall, the production profile of Afrikaans fiction has greatly diversified, with Afrikaans fiction appearing in a wide variety of production categories. Afrikaans fiction remains the most diverse and best-developed indigenous tradition of fiction production. The challenge for future case studies is to investigate the relationships between production patterns and specific transformation shifts in the publishing system in terms of specific production categories. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / unrestricted

After the first democratic election that took place in South Africa in 1994, numerous changes occurred within the labour force. The labour force has become increasingly diverse with individuals from different races, genders and ages now fulfilling various positions within organisations. Consequently, organisations have become more focused on managing this diverse workforce and eliminating stereotypes, and consequently discrimination that accompanies this diversity. Stereotypes that are formed within organisations can be based on various criteria and, if not addressed, can lead to various negative consequences for both the individual and the organisation. It therefore seems that stereotypes are an important topic to research, specifically within the unique South African context. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalent stereotypes and the experiences thereof among individuals working in selected South African organisations. Within the social constructivism paradigm using an emic perspective, qualitative research from both a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach was employed to achieve the objectives of this study. Both purposive and convenience sampling was used for the purpose of this study after utilising a multiple case study strategy. Employees of selected South African organisations (N = 336) were involved in this research study. These organisations formed part of the following employment sectors: banking, higher education institutions, mining, municipalities, nursing, police services, primary and secondary schools, and restaurant industry. Data was collected by making use of semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was achieved by means of thematic analysis. The results of this study indicated that individuals working in selected South African organisations are familiar with the meaning of stereotypes and that they are consciously aware of the origin of stereotypes. Results indicated that although not all of the participants have had direct experiences with stereotyped groups, they are well aware that stereotypes are also caused by indirect sources. The results of this study also illustrate that various stereotypes exist within selected South African organisations. It was explored on an out-group and in-group level. It was found that not only do employees stereotype others (out-group), they are also well aware of being stereotyped themselves (in-group). The most prevalent stereotypes were based on race, gender, age, occupation, and other work-related dimensions. Stereotypes based on race, gender and age were based on the internal dimensions of diversity. Stereotypes were also based on the external and organisational dimensions of diversity and included occupation, physical appearance, position, qualification, and duration in organisation. Interesting to note is that with in-group occupational stereotyping, most employees felt they are also stereotyped on their internal dimensional characteristics (race, gender and age). Stereotyped occupations include: academics, administration staff, educators, engineers, finance, human resources, librarians, mining, nursing, police and restaurant waitrons. The findings of this study also showed that when individuals experience in-group stereotypes, they react to these stereotypes on a cognitive, behavioural or emotional level. Results indicated that participants mostly reacted to stereotypes in a cognitive manner and most of these experiences were negative in nature. Recommendations with regard to future research and practice were made. Managers within organisations should eliminate stereotypes from organisational practices and decision-making by not focusing on irrelevant personal differences, but rather on performance-related information. Employees should be trained and educated by the organisation regarding stereotypes and the effects thereof. Employees should also be provided with an opportunity to interact with diverse people within the organisation. / PhD (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation is a historical biography of F.V. Engelenburg (1863-1938) and covers the period from 1889 to 1938, when Engelenburg lived and worked in South Africa. The study situates Engelenburg in the historical landscape of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The focus is mainly on Engelenburg’s journalistic career at De Volksstem, but attention is also given to his many other interests, including the development and promotion of Afrikaans and the Afrikaans academic culture, especially in the northern parts of South Africa. His work pertaining to the development of architecture, literature, aviation, the visual and performing arts, history, libraries, museums and educational institutions comes under the spotlight. His private life is considered as well in order to portray his versatility as a person. The chapters have been subdivided to highlight the variety of matters he was involved in, and a chronological approach has been followed as is customary in a biography. The study is based on archival research. In particular, Engelenburg’s private collections were used, as well as the private collections of some of his contemporaries. Engelenburg assumes a central place in the biography, with special focus on how he perceived and experienced conditions and everyday life in South Africa from the point of view of his transnational European background. His role as influential opinion-maker and political commentator on local and international politics is highlighted. His ties with political leaders and his involvement in government affairs are emphasised. The study also refers to his continued contact with his motherland, the Netherlands, and with the Dutch language. After the Anglo- Boer War, he realised that the languages of the future in South Africa would be Afrikaans (not Dutch), alongside English. His continuing support for Afrikaans as a language of instruction in schools and universities and the development of the Afrikaans literature, as well as his support for the standardization of Afrikaans helped to establish Afrikaans as an official language alongside English and Dutch in South Africa. Engelenburg’s active contribution to the work of the Zuid-Afrikaanse Akademie voor Taal, Lettere en Kuns (now the Suid- Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns), helped to put the organization on a sound footing for future development. The Akademie can be seen as a living monument to his work in South Africa. / PhD (History)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015.

South Africa has gone through immense changes in the past two decades. The period around 1994 has been characterised by a comprehensive set of political, social and economic changes, which greatly influenced not only the lives of individuals in this county but also many businesses, organisations and companies. Further to this, South Africa has become increasingly intercultural in orientation as companies persevered in establishing intricate networks with partners in a diverse set of cultures. This has put enormous strain on organisations to remain competitive in the market. It is critical that organisations develop a more resilient workforce with greater psychological capacities to succeed in the on-going war for talent. Attracting and retaining talented employees can give organisations a sustained competitive advantage. In view of the growing intricacies in the business world, ambiguity in markets, and employees’ attitudes, it is crucial that organisations invest in psychological assessments. However, investing in valid and reliable psychological assessments has become more difficult due to vast cultural diversity South Africa comprises off. The general objective of this study was to explore social desirability in the white Afrikaans group. A qualitative design was used and a quota non-probability sampling method was implemented among white Afrikaans-speaking people of South Africa (N=60), who differed from one another with regard to age, gender and socio-economic status. The measuring instrument was a semi-structured interview, which was based on the phenomenological approach. The results of the interviews were transcribed and captured in Excel. Content analysis was used to interpret the responses in socially desirable themes. Independent psychologists and language and cultural experts were employed in order to validate the initial interpretations. The descriptive terms were reduced through the use of cluster analysis. The analysis included the grouping of synonyms and antonyms, together with the use of dictionaries, literature and knowledge about content. In the representation of social desirability and impression management strategies within the white Afrikaner group, six main themes with sixty sub-themes in total were identified. The six themes are facilitating, gender-based, intellect-openness, interpersonal relatedness, intrapersonal relatedness and value-based. Firstly, to facilitate others by giving advice and guidance will be seen as desirable and make a favourable impression. Secondly, to display characteristics that are typically associated with males and females, such as masculinity and femininity, will be seen as desirable and can make a positive impression. Thirdly, having a unique natural ability or skill and being receptive to new and different ideas will be seen as desirable and make a good impression on others. Fourthly, remaining constructive in one’s relationships, and fifthly, remaining constructive in one’s inner thoughts and possessing inner confidence and having respect will make a favourable impression and can be seen as socially desirable. Lastly, exhibiting moral consciousness and being trustworthy, loyal and reliable will make a positive impression and will be perceived as desirable by the white Afrikaner group. Recommendations for future research and for practice were made. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

After the first democratic election that took place in South Africa in 1994, numerous changes occurred within the labour force. The labour force has become increasingly diverse with individuals from different races, genders and ages now fulfilling various positions within organisations. Consequently, organisations have become more focused on managing this diverse workforce and eliminating stereotypes, and consequently discrimination that accompanies this diversity. Stereotypes that are formed within organisations can be based on various criteria and, if not addressed, can lead to various negative consequences for both the individual and the organisation. It therefore seems that stereotypes are an important topic to research, specifically within the unique South African context. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalent stereotypes and the experiences thereof among individuals working in selected South African organisations. Within the social constructivism paradigm using an emic perspective, qualitative research from both a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach was employed to achieve the objectives of this study. Both purposive and convenience sampling was used for the purpose of this study after utilising a multiple case study strategy. Employees of selected South African organisations (N = 336) were involved in this research study. These organisations formed part of the following employment sectors: banking, higher education institutions, mining, municipalities, nursing, police services, primary and secondary schools, and restaurant industry. Data was collected by making use of semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was achieved by means of thematic analysis. The results of this study indicated that individuals working in selected South African organisations are familiar with the meaning of stereotypes and that they are consciously aware of the origin of stereotypes. Results indicated that although not all of the participants have had direct experiences with stereotyped groups, they are well aware that stereotypes are also caused by indirect sources. The results of this study also illustrate that various stereotypes exist within selected South African organisations. It was explored on an out-group and in-group level. It was found that not only do employees stereotype others (out-group), they are also well aware of being stereotyped themselves (in-group). The most prevalent stereotypes were based on race, gender, age, occupation, and other work-related dimensions. Stereotypes based on race, gender and age were based on the internal dimensions of diversity. Stereotypes were also based on the external and organisational dimensions of diversity and included occupation, physical appearance, position, qualification, and duration in organisation. Interesting to note is that with in-group occupational stereotyping, most employees felt they are also stereotyped on their internal dimensional characteristics (race, gender and age). Stereotyped occupations include: academics, administration staff, educators, engineers, finance, human resources, librarians, mining, nursing, police and restaurant waitrons. The findings of this study also showed that when individuals experience in-group stereotypes, they react to these stereotypes on a cognitive, behavioural or emotional level. Results indicated that participants mostly reacted to stereotypes in a cognitive manner and most of these experiences were negative in nature. Recommendations with regard to future research and practice were made. Managers within organisations should eliminate stereotypes from organisational practices and decision-making by not focusing on irrelevant personal differences, but rather on performance-related information. Employees should be trained and educated by the organisation regarding stereotypes and the effects thereof. Employees should also be provided with an opportunity to interact with diverse people within the organisation. / PhD (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation is a historical biography of F.V. Engelenburg (1863-1938) and covers the period from 1889 to 1938, when Engelenburg lived and worked in South Africa. The study situates Engelenburg in the historical landscape of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The focus is mainly on Engelenburg’s journalistic career at De Volksstem, but attention is also given to his many other interests, including the development and promotion of Afrikaans and the Afrikaans academic culture, especially in the northern parts of South Africa. His work pertaining to the development of architecture, literature, aviation, the visual and performing arts, history, libraries, museums and educational institutions comes under the spotlight. His private life is considered as well in order to portray his versatility as a person. The chapters have been subdivided to highlight the variety of matters he was involved in, and a chronological approach has been followed as is customary in a biography. The study is based on archival research. In particular, Engelenburg’s private collections were used, as well as the private collections of some of his contemporaries. Engelenburg assumes a central place in the biography, with special focus on how he perceived and experienced conditions and everyday life in South Africa from the point of view of his transnational European background. His role as influential opinion-maker and political commentator on local and international politics is highlighted. His ties with political leaders and his involvement in government affairs are emphasised. The study also refers to his continued contact with his motherland, the Netherlands, and with the Dutch language. After the Anglo- Boer War, he realised that the languages of the future in South Africa would be Afrikaans (not Dutch), alongside English. His continuing support for Afrikaans as a language of instruction in schools and universities and the development of the Afrikaans literature, as well as his support for the standardization of Afrikaans helped to establish Afrikaans as an official language alongside English and Dutch in South Africa. Engelenburg’s active contribution to the work of the Zuid-Afrikaanse Akademie voor Taal, Lettere en Kuns (now the Suid- Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns), helped to put the organization on a sound footing for future development. The Akademie can be seen as a living monument to his work in South Africa. / PhD (History)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015.