Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson_Nogueira_Mendes.pdf: 923842 bytes, checksum: 0f9b8cea0faf98c27587d1820ff5b56e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / In conformity with society, accountants are able to work in the three sectors of economy, no matter the field. They may work in industries, for service renders or with agribusiness, the subject of this research. Marion (2003) states that when Accounting is studied as a whole, it is known as General Accounting or Financial Accounting. Nevertheless, when applied to a specific activity sector, it is usually classified according to its activity. In that case, for this research, the focus is to be based on the Agribusiness Accounting. Nowadays, the agriculture is responsible for 1/3 of all goods produced in Brazil. Moreover, if compared with other countries, it has some advantages. As it has plenty of good soil, it can spread throughout the global market. Yet, the accountant??s perfomance may not be in accordance with the significance of such a field. Provided that, the aim of this piece of research was to investigate a group of accountants and agriculture professionals while in the Vale do Ribeira, so as to understand the real perception of the Small and Medium producers in relation to the services provided by the accountants. In the end, there has been extracted some perceptions on the interview, which were the basis for the development of the questions. Such questions may be used in future analysis. / Os Profissionais de Contabilidade s??o considerados pela sociedade aptos a atuarem nos tr??s setores da economia nacional, independente do ramo de atividade, seja em cen??rios industriais, prestadoras de servi??os ou at?? mesmo com atividades agropecu??rias, como ?? o cen??rio de investiga????o deste trabalho. Marion (2003) esclarece que, a Contabilidade quando estudada de forma gen??rica ?? considerada Contabilidade Geral ou Contabilidade Financeira, mas quando se ?? aplicada um ramo de atividade espec??fico, normalmente ?? denominada de acordo com a atividade deste ramo, sendo assim o enfoque que ser?? estudado na presente pesquisa ser?? segundo a Contabilidade Agr??cola. Atualmente a agricultura ?? respons??vel no cen??rio nacional, por um ter??o de tudo o que ?? produzido no Brasil e com espa??o privilegiado, dentre outros pa??ses, para crescer no mercado mundial, pois possui em abund??ncia o fator de produ????o mais escasso em escala mundial, que ?? a terra agricult??vel. No entanto a atua????o dos profissionais de Contabilidade pode n??o estar condizente com a relev??ncia deste setor. Desta forma a presente pesquisa investigou no Vale do Ribeira, um grupo de profissionais Agr??colas e de Contadores, com a inten????o de captar a real percep????o dos Pequenos e M??dios Produtores Agr??colas, frente aos servi??os ofertados pelos Profissionais de Contabilidade. Como produto final desta investiga????o, foi extra??do sobre as entrevistas percep????es que formaram as assertivas que poder??o ser utilizadas para subsidiar futuras pesquisas de forma estruturada.

Per via degli svantaggi inerenti l’uso di bentonite nella produzione di vini bianchi, la ricerca di alternative ha assunto di recente una grande importanza. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi ha l’obiettivo di valutare l’applicabilità di tre approcci innovativi alla stabilizzazione colloidale dei vini: l’uso di chitosano, l’applicazione dei PEF e il riutilizzo di colonne di scambio cationico. L’aggiunta di chitosano è risultata nella rimozione delle chitinasi dal vino, permettendo di raggiungere un soddisfacente livello di stabilità. Gli effetti sul colore e sugli aromi, quando non significativi, non sono risultati essere peggiori rispetto ai risultati ottenuti da trattamenti con bentonite. L’applicazione dei PEF aveva lo scopo di innescare la denaturazione e l’aggregazione delle proteine tramite un sistema di trattamento-raffreddamento e filtrazione finale. I risultati suggeriscono che un buon grado di stabilità viene raggiunto solo con trattamenti particolarmente energetici ma questo a danno del colore del prodotto. Infine, lo scopo dello studio sulle resine di scambio cationico era quello di valutare la rigenerazione di questo supporto per un molteplice utilizzo operativo. La rimozione delle proteine adsorbite sul supporto è risultata essere possibile in specifiche condizioni di pH e forza ionica, con un consumo di acqua relativamente basso. / The search for fining alternatives to bentonite has assumed great importance in white winemaking due to the drawbacks of bentonite application. The research here presented aimed at observing the viability of three innovative approaches to wine stabilization, namely chitosan addition, PEF treatments and cation exchange applicability. Chitosan successfully removed chitinases from wine, allowing at the same time a sufficient degree of colloidal stability. Collateral effects on color and aroma compounds were non-significant or acceptable when compared with the effects observed for bentonite applications reported in literature. The use of PEF was aimed at accelerating protein unfolding and aggregation and was coupled to an in-line cooling and filtration system for efficient removal of colloidal aggregates. The results collected suggested that the treatment was capable of inducing a satisfactory colloidal stability only in high- energetic double-treated wine samples, with some deleterious consequences on the color. Finally, the aim of the research for cation-exchange resins application was to find environmentally friendly cleaning procedures to regenerate the resin capacity and allow reuse of the same resin for further cycles of fining. The removal of proteins bound to the resin was possible under specific pH and ionic strength conditions with relatively low consumption of water.

La presente tesi intende esplorare gli effetti della resistenza parziale sulle epidemie di peronospora della vite (Plasmopara viticola). È stato sviluppato un modello di simulazione teorico che comprende lo sviluppo della pianta ospite e le fasi principali della malattia, dalla mobilizzazione dell’inoculo, alla moltiplicazione della malattia sulle foglie, all’infezione dei grappoli. Attraverso esperimenti (monociclici) di inoculazione è stata studiata la risposta alle infezioni di P. Viticola di 16 varietà parzialmente resistenti, analizzando le seguenti componenti: frequenza d’infezione, durata del periodo di latenza, dimensione delle lesioni, produzione di sporangi, durata del periodo infezioso e infettività degli sporangi prodotti sulle lesioni. Queste componenti di resistenza sono state incorporate nel modello, attraverso cui sono stati studiati i loro effetti sull’epidemia (policiclica) in diversi scenari. Le componenti di resistenza hanno mostrato diversi livelli di efficacia nel sopprimere l’epidemia: l’efficienza di infezione e la produzione di sporangi risultano avere un maggiore impatto nella resistenza espressa a livello di pieno campo. Questo approccio è utile per guidare lo studio fenotipico della resistenza dell’ospite e per anticipare le prestazioni di un genotipo a livello di pieno campo, che risulterebbe difficile e dispendioso considerando la natura perenne della vite. / The present dissertation aims to explore the effects of partial resistance on grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics. A theoretical simulation model was developed including host dynamics and main phases of the disease, from inoculum mobilisation to disease multiplication on foliage, and to infection of clusters. The response to P. Viticola infection was studied for 16 grapevine varieties through (monocyclic) inoculation experiments, by measuring components of partial resistance: infection frequency, duration of latent period, size of lesions, production of sporangia, duration of infectious period, and infectivity of sporangia produced on lesion. Components of partial resistance were incorporated into the model and their effects on the (polycyclic) epidemic were investigated accross different scenarios. Components of partial resistance showed different effectiveness on the suppression of epidemics, infection efficiency and spore production having the strongest impact on the overall field resistance response. This approach is an useful tool for phenotyping studies on host plant resistance and for anticipating the performance of a genotype at the field scale, that otherwise is difficult and time requiring due to the perennial nature of grapevine.

Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work was carried out in the county of Valen?a - RJ, with the objective to evaluate production and quality of the stargrass, in function of: two irrigation levels (with and without); four cut intervals (21, 28, 35 and 42 at the rainy season and 28, 35, 42 and 49 days at the dry season of the year); as well as four levels of nitrogen (0, 150, 300 e 600 kg/ha/year). The dry matter production (DMP) and the efficiency of the nitrogen utilization (ENU) in plots of 6,25 m2, were estimated from October 2004 to October 2005. In the months of January, June/July and September/October samples were collected to determine chemical composition and digestibility such as: crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The Irrigation when increased DMP and ENU, reduced the forrage quality and only had significative effect (P<0,05) during the rainy season. The harvest intervals does not affected (P>0,05) on DMP. However, there was tendency to increase. Harvest intervals should be 42/49 days to obtain good forage quality and yield. The chemical composition and digestibility of the dry matter decreased with the spacing of the cuts and the effect of the interval of cuts on ENU was dependent of the irrigation. At that time it dries the irrigated treatments had her ENU increased with the decrease of the frequency of the cut. The nitrogen fertilization was the only factor that increased (P<0,05) DMP and the quality of the stargrass. However, the answer of DMP to the nitrogen fertilization was reduced and ENU was not affected in function of the nitrogen levels. In the conditions of experiment was realized, it is approved as the most appropriate handling of the studied factors: The interval of cuts of 42/49 days, that formed an alliance high yield with a satisfactory quality and the irrigation, only accomplished in favorable climatic conditions. / Este trabalho foi conduzido no munic?pio de Valen?a - RJ, com o objetivo de avaliar a produ??o e a qualidade do capim-estrela, em fun??o de: dois regimes h?dricos (irrigado e n?o-irrigado); quatro intervalos de cortes (21, 28, 35 e 42 na ?poca chuvosa e 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias na ?poca seca do ano); e quatro doses de nitrog?nio (0, 150, 300 e 600 kg/ha/ano). Durante o per?odo de outubro de 2004 a outubro de 2005, foram estimadas a produ??o de mat?ria seca (PMS) e a efici?ncia da aduba??o nitrogenada (EAN) em parcelas de 6,25 m2. Nos meses de janeiro, junho/julho e setembro/outubro coletaram-se amostras para a estimativa do valor nutritivo e digestibilidade, determinando a prote?na bruta (PB), a fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e a digestibilidade in vitro da mat?ria seca (DIVMS). Os resultados mostraram que a irriga??o aumentou a PMS e a EAN, reduziu o valor nutritivo e DIV da mat?ria seca. Entretanto somente houve resposta (P<0,05) ao regime h?drico apenas quando as condi??es clim?ticas n?o foram limitantes ao crescimento da forrageira. O intervalo de cortes n?o alterou (P>0,05) a PMS, embora tenha sido observada a tend?ncia de incremento da mesma em fun??o da diminui??o da freq??ncia de cortes, sendo a maior produ??o obtida nos tratamentos 42/49 dias. A qualidade da forrageira diminuiu com o espa?amento dos cortes e o efeito do intervalo de cortes sobre a EAN foi dependente da irriga??o. Na ?poca seca do ano os tratamentos irrigados tiveram sua EAN aumentada com a diminui??o da freq??ncia do corte. A aduba??o nitrogenada foi o ?nico fator que aumentou (P<0,05), simultaneamente, a PMS e a qualidade do capim-estrela. No entanto, a resposta da PMS ? aduba??o nitrogenada foi pequena e a EAN n?o foi alterada (P>0,05) em fun??o das doses de nitrog?nio. Nas condi??es experimentais, preconiza-se como o manejo mais adequado: o intervalo de cortes de 42/49 dias, que aliou rendimentos elevados a uma qualidade satisfat?ria; e a irriga??o deve ser usada apenas quando as condi??es clim?ticas s?o favor?veis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000 - Augusto de Andrade Oliveira.pdf: 1625358 bytes, checksum: 0dfcb682d35ecf15086469ea446fa6e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This paper is about the Program of Verticalization for Small Farm Production in the Federal District - PROVE -, conceived in January 1995 by the Government of the Federal District of Brazil. It seeks to organize and analyze the action of the Public Power, through its Department of Agriculture, facing the main obstacles presented in the program development, particularly the issue of credit for financing the investments (construction and structuring of agribusiness s) and marketing or insertion of small farmers working with agribusiness s supported by the Program onto the formal market. It also allows better understanding of the various problems and difficulties faced by the program and the solutions found in the deployment of this public policy. Firstly the paper tackles the process of formulation and implementation of the program, with special attention to the issue of the beneficiary public (Chapter 1). Then it moves on to highlighting the issue of agricultural credit in the development of the program. After a brief history review and analysis of agricultural credit in Brazil, (Chapter 2) the problem of credit in the development of PROVE is thoroughly discussed. Finally, it addresses (Chapter 3) the topic of marketing, in which drawbacks as well as actions taken to minimize them are analyzed. / Trata do Programa da Verticaliza??o da Pequena Produ??o Agr?cola do Distrito Federal - PROVE -, concebido em janeiro de 1995 pelo Governo do Distrito Federal do Brasil, sistematizando e analisando a a??o do Poder P?blico, atrav?s de sua Secretaria de Agricultura, face aos principais entraves apresentados no processo de implanta??o do Programa, em especial no que toca a quest?o do cr?dito para o financiamento dos investimentos (constru??o e estrutura??o das agroind?strias) e da comercializa??o ou inser??o dos pequenos agricultores ligados ?s agroind?strias apoiadas pelo Programa no mercado formal, possibilitando ainda uma melhor compreens?o acerca dos diversos problemas e dificuldades enfrentadas e as solu??es encontradas para a implanta??o desta pol?tica p?blica. O trabalho trata inicialmente (cap?tulo 1) do processo de constitui??o e a implementa??o do Programa, com aten??o especial para a quest?o do p?blico benefici?rio, destacando em seguida (cap?tulo 2) a quest?o do cr?dito agr?cola no desenvolvimento do Programa, onde, ap?s um breve hist?rico e an?lise do cr?dito agr?cola no Brasil, ? esmiu?ada a problem?tica do cr?dito no desenvolvimento do PROVE. Por fim, aborda (cap?tulo 3) a tem?tica da comercializa??o, onde ? realizada uma an?lise dos entraves verificados neste campo, bem como das a??es minimizadoras implementadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Francine Damasceno Pinheiro.pdf: 614855 bytes, checksum: 3c702d20030d8dbd74dc30d19c4b566f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Access to the Judiciary Power by a substantial portion of the population has transformed that space into a new arena of contention, which can contribute to the expansion of democratic ideals. The choice of this arena is based upon the perceived ability to reclaim what is Fair against the letter of the Law. We join this debate through an analysis of the workings of the Judiciary Power in the implementation of Agrarian Reform, particularly with respect to the judicial conflicts surrounding the settlements of Novo Horizonte and Oziel Alves I. This work aims at the following goals: to evaluate how far the legal advances foreseen in the 1988 Constitution influenced the heightening of the local land conflicts, as well the acquisition and distribution of the land by INCRA; to explain the role of the diverse actors involved in the process of Agrarian Reform and the Judiciary Power s perception of such actors; to establish the relation between the debates over the judicialization of politics and the judicial practices regarding Agrarian Reform; to reflect upon the role of the Judiciary Power within the structure of the Brazilian State and how it can be used as an instrument for the social advancement of the working class. Our intention is to analyze such issues within the proceedings of the law suits selected for fieldwork, following Carlo Ginsburg s indicial method for the analysis of court proceedings and their content. We thus seek to examine the evidence, the signs, and decipher the social structure hidden by the economic structure of the region in question. Our hypothesis is that the judicialization of politics, particularly in the case of Agrarian Reform, has not facilitated the application of public policy. In fact it has made it more difficult for the settlement of the families, due to the emphasis on private property of the judicial interpretations, which were not able to incorporate the concept of the social function of property nor the achievement of fundamental rights through Agrarian Reform. / A possibilidade de acesso ao Judici?rio por parte de uma quantidade expressiva da popula??o vem transformando este espa?o em uma nova arena de disputa capaz de contribuir com a expans?o dos ideais democr?ticos. A escolha desta arena sustenta-se na percep??o de poder reivindicar o Justo contra Lei. Propomos a inser??o neste debate analisando a atua??o do Poder Judici?rio na efetiva??o da Reforma Agr?ria, a partir dos conflitos judiciais decorrentes da realiza??o dos assentamentos Novo Horizonte e Oziel Alves I. Dessa forma, s?o objetivos avaliar em que medida as conquistas legais previstas na Constitui??o de 1988 influenciaram no acirramento dos conflitos fundi?rios locais, bem como na aquisi??o e distribui??o de terras por parte do INCRA; explicar a atua??o dos diversos atores envolvidos na realiza??o da Reforma Agr?ria e a percep??o que tem no Poder Judici?rio sobre os mesmos; estabelecer rela??es entre o debate sobre a judicializa??o da pol?tica e as pr?ticas jur?dicas no que tange a Reforma Agr?ria; refletir sobre o papel do Poder Judici?rio dentro da estrutura do Estado brasileiro e de como ele pode ser utilizado como instrumento de efetiva??o de conquistas sociais da classe trabalhadora. Nossa pretens?o ? analisar essas pondera??es no universo dos processos indicados para o trabalho de campo, utilizando o m?todo indici?rio, proposto por Carlo Ginzburg para a an?lise das pe?as processuais e de seus conte?dos, a fim de que possamos perceber os ind?cios, os sinais e decifrar a estrutura social oculta pela estrutura econ?mica da regi?o. Nossa hip?tese ? que a judicializa??o da pol?tica e no caso da Reforma Agr?ria, n?o vem facilitando a aplica??o dessa pol?tica p?blica e sim dificultando o assentamento das fam?lias, em raz?o do car?ter privatista das interpreta??es judiciais, que n?o conseguiram absorver os conceitos da fun??o social da propriedade e da efetiva??o dos direitos fundamentais a partir da Reforma Agr?ria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006- Maria de Lourdes Souza Oliveira.pdf: 869070 bytes, checksum: c11ac7d1226df124ff1d45eccd837dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The central focus of this study was to think over the existing relationships between women s political practices and changes in gender relations, both in public and private spheres, taking as reference the Saco do Rio Preto Settlement, in Northwest Minas Gerais. It sought to draw the Settlement historical course, showing the stages of mobilization, camping, and settlement, focusing on the changes in gender relations concerning the empowerment processes. The research studied different gender behaviors from the theoretical categories of sexual division of labor, decision-making process, access and control of resources, management of the activities of production, reproduction and commercialization, and the process of political representation. It could be seen that changes in gender relations in the private sphere were more intense in the period of camping, and that changes in the public sphere took place in all phases of the struggle for land process and embraced a larger number of women. Also, the research reinforced that struggle for land does not in itself contain a presumption of guaranteed access to women. On the contrary, changes for women are needed in several fields as in the family, in the community, in the market, and in various levels of the State organization. So, they have been facing confrontations in unexpected and unpredictable situations and places, which do not occur without dispute. As for the empowerment process, it could be seen that it happened in all phases of the struggle for land and goes on, both in the public and private spheres. This has been demanding from them more and more qualification, persistence and sophistication in their political and technical learning process. / Este estudo teve como preocupa??o central refletir sobre as vincula??es existentes entre as pr?ticas pol?ticas das mulheres e as mudan?as nas rela??es de g?nero, tanto no espa?o p?blico quanto no espa?o privado, tendo como refer?ncia o Assentamento Saco do Rio Preto no Noroeste de Minas Gerais. Procurou-se construir a trajet?ria hist?rica do Assentamento, evidenciando as etapas de mobiliza??o, acampamento e assentamento, focalizando as modifica??es nas rela??es de g?nero no que diz respeito aos processos de empoderamento.Estudou-se diferentes comportamentos de g?nero a partir das categorias: divis?o sexual do trabalho, do processo de tomada de decis?o, do acesso e controle dos recursos, da gest?o das atividades de produ??o, reprodu??o e comercializa??o e do processo de representa??o pol?tica. Observou-se que as mudan?as nas rela??es de g?nero no espa?o privado ocorreram com mais intensidade no per?odo do acampamento e que as mudan?as no espa?o p?blico ocorreram em todas as fases do processo de luta pela terra e envolveram um n?mero maior de mulheres. A pesquisa refor?ou ainda que lutar por terra n?o encerra em si um pressuposto de acesso garantido ?s mulheres e que, muito pelo contr?rio, s?o exigidas mudan?as em favor destas em ?mbitos diferentes, quer seja na fam?lia, na comunidade, no mercado e em v?rios n?veis de organiza??o do Estado, o que exigiu dessas mulheres enfrentamentos em espa?os e situa??es inesperadas e imprevis?veis, que n?o se d?o sem contesta??o. Quanto ao processo de empoderamento, observou-se que ele ocorreu em todas as fases de luta pela terra e continua ocorrendo, tanto no espa?o p?blico, quanto no espa?o privado, exigindo das mulheres cada vez mais capacita??o, persist?ncia e sofistica??o no processo de aprendizagem t?cnica e pol?tica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Alberto Di Sabbato.pdf: 611648 bytes, checksum: ebc92e057e25c935a2a536a2adb7d782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-10 / The thesis has for objective to study the instruments of intervention in the land market used by the Brazilian government in the period 1997-2002, and that were the concession of credit for the purchase of land and the taxation of agricultural land (the ITR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of these instruments as mechanisms of increasing the access to the land by the rural landless workers as well as by the small farmers endowed with insufficient land. The central question underlying the analysis presented is to what extent such instruments were sufficient to serve effectively as substitutes of the traditional process of agrarian reform, centered on land redistribution. This analysis is based on a bibliographic survey covering the theories of the agricultural land markets and also of the agricultural land taxation, in both cases focusing on the Brazilian case. However, the thesis extends itself also to the experiences of some Latin American countries in what matters the experiences with the new agrarian reform policy tools adopted in Brazil in the period under analysis. The empirical analysis presented in the thesis used extensively the following data sources: 1) the Cadastro de Im?veis Rurais of INCRA, accompanied by the respective Estat?sticas Cadastrais , both of them relative to 1998; 2) the 1995-96 Agricultural Census of IBGE, and, in particular, the special tabulations of this Census generated for the Project of Technical Cooperation INCRA/FAO; 3) consolidated listing of the "C?dula da Terra" Program (PCT) and report on the families benefited by the PCT and Land Bank, both of them provided by the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), including, respectively, the periods 1997-2002 , 2000-2004 and 1999-2004; 4) report with tables showing the areas declared of social interest for the purpose of land reform, and report on the farms that were expropriated for the purpose of agrarian reform, both of them provided by INCRA, covering, respectively, the periods 1964-1985 and 1979-2002. The arguments developed in the thesis are based, also, on data on agricultural land prices collected by Getulio Vargas Foundation (covering the period 1982-1998); Statistics on Land Taxes of INCRA, for the periods 1975- 1978 and 1982-1989; Statistics relative to the ITR profile, relative to 1997, furnished by the Secretaria da Receita Federal (SRF); and Statistics on the revenues administered by the SRF, for the period 1990-2001. The study concludes that, contrary to what has been propagated by its defenders, the new agrarian reform instruments, implemented by the country in the period under analysis, were not capable of generating an effective increase in the access to the land by the small producer in Brazil. In addition, the analysis of relevant aspects of the institutional reality of the rural land markets in Brazil indicates that these instruments, at least in the form that they were conceived, would not be capable of promoting a significant change in our agrarian structure. / O trabalho tem por objetivo estudar os instrumentos de interven??o no mercado de terras rurais utilizados no Brasil no per?odo 1997-2002, que s?o o cr?dito fundi?rio e o imposto territorial rural (ITR), com vistas a analisar suas possibilidades e limita??es como mecanismos de amplia??o do acesso ? terra aos trabalhadores rurais sem terra e com terra insuficiente. A quest?o central que est? subjacente ? an?lise realizada ? em que medida tais instrumentos s?o capazes de servir efetivamente de substitutos do processo de reforma agr?ria mediante desapropria??o de terras ociosas. Para a elabora??o do trabalho foi realizado, de um lado, levantamento bibliogr?fico que permitisse dar conta da teoria relativa ao mercado de terras rurais e ? tributa??o da terra agr?cola, assim como dos aspectos hist?ricos e institucionais referentes ? interven??o no mercado de terras rurais de alguns pa?ses latinoamericanos. Al?m disso, foi igualmente considerada a literatura especializada sobre o caso brasileiro, no que diz respeito tanto ao mercado de terras rurais, quanto ao cr?dito fundi?rio e ao ITR. De outro lado, para a an?lise emp?rica pertinente ao tema em estudo, lan?ou-se m?o das seguintes informa??es estat?sticas: Cadastro de Im?veis Rurais do INCRA, e respectivas Estat?sticas Cadastrais, ambos de 1998; Censo Agropecu?rio do IBGE, de 1995-1996, e, em particular, informa??es das tabula??es especiais deste Censo produzidas no ?mbito do Projeto de Coopera??o T?cnica INCRA/FAO; Listagem consolidada do Programa C?dula da Terra (PCT), Relat?rio de fam?lias beneficiadas pelo PCT e Relat?rio de fam?lias beneficiadas pelo Banco da Terra, do Minist?rio do Desenvolvimento Agr?rio (MDA), abrangendo, respectivamente, os per?odos 1997-2002, 2000-2004 e 1999-2004; Relat?rio com quadros demonstrativos das ?reas declaradas de interesse social para fins de desapropria??o e Relat?rio anal?tico da desapropria??o de im?veis rurais, ambos do INCRA, abrangendo, respectivamente, os per?odos 1964-1985 e 1979-2002; Estat?sticas de pre?os de terras agr?colas da Funda??o Get?lio Vargas (FGV), relativas aos anos de 1982 a 1998; Estat?sticas Tribut?rias do INCRA, nos per?odos 1975-1978 e 1982-1989; Estat?sticas relativas ao Perfil do ITR, de 1997, da Secretaria da Receita Federal (SRF); e Estat?sticas de arrecada??o da receita administrada pela SRF, no per?odo 1990-2001. O estudo conclui que, ao contr?rio do que tem sido propagado pelos seus defensores, os instrumentos adotados no pa?s, no per?odo considerado, n?o foram capazes de garantir de forma significativa a referida amplia??o do acesso ? terra. Ademais, a an?lise de aspectos relevantes da realidade institucional do mercado de terras rurais brasileiro indica que dificilmente estes instrumentos, tal como foram implementados, seriam capazes de promover modifica??o importante em nossa estrutura fundi?ria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Lia Maria Teixeira de Oliveira.pdf: 1251999 bytes, checksum: e5651642f1d88ff158a2af934701acb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / The main concerning of this thesis has been about social identities accomplishment, understanding them as a relational and multidimensional process performed through successive socialization. In relation to specific theme, this survey was carried out under socialization methodologies of agricultural technical teaching professor at the time of educational politics start on the 90 s, concerning about the management model restoring and technological institution working as well as professor professionalization conception. However, data from field research forced to an analysis motion giving rise to professional establishment, when around 1910 to 1940, and republican public announcement for the professionalization of an education able to interfere over poor young people, useful citizens professional teaching have emerged on society. Verifying global significatives of official system as competence ideas and education, an approachment was limited on, in spite of notifying over local contexts and resistances no consensus or ordinary readings on the global significatives were reported. Through field research and bibliographic references institutional space-time existence pointed by permanences and ambiguities have been demonstrated when at currents days these signs from past ages and structural duality under school/university sphere pressurize sociocultural methods towards actions and emancipated character perception from hegemonic agrarian commands. Theorical discussion was based on political and cultural spaces understanding that on society both groups and people have been shaped in relation to knowledgements, values, behaviors and profiles for playing a role on every professional occupation or another professional area. In order to represent not as much balanced reality about determinations and permanences relationships under the same stress to and for teaching professionalization dispute has been corroborate. In this meaning, the main goal of the survey was to understand agricultural technical teaching professor identities from social professional process institutionalized by political and academic socialization aspect. Above all, it was considered this sphere as a conflict place, specially crossed by outter and inner as well as subjective and objective spheres to professional groups. According to Pierre Bourdieu, Berger and Luckmam, Anthony Giddens, Gimeno Sacrist?n, Claude Dubar, Eliot Freidson on ANFOPE and ANPED speechs, data and information approachment / interpretation were based on. As maintained by Eli Lima, An?sio Teixeira, S?rgio Miceli and Renato Ortiz ideas nation and culture studies, institutional scheme played by actors / agents was demonstrated. In relation to political, economical and cultural practices of contemporary societies, theories by Roberto Jose Moreira were reported. The methodology of this survey has been based on human and social sciences qualitative research where proceedings and mechanisms from ethnographic nature have noticed professor occupation as a social performance on ruptures methods with ancient patterns, therefore a professional-social group represented by tensions caused between permanencies and ambiguities over a relational reality in accordance to dynamics of new institutionalization practices. / A problem?tica central dessa tese ? o estudo sobre a constru??o social do magist?rio, cuja an?lise compreende as identidades docentes como processo multidimensional e relacional produzido nas sucessivas socializa??es. Quanto ? tem?tica espec?fica, no tocante ? pesquisa geradora dessa tese refere-se aos processos de socializa??o do professor do ensino t?cnico agr?cola, no marco temporal da pol?tica educacional iniciada na d?cada de 1990, cuja t?nica ? a reestrutura??o do modelo de gest?o e funcionamento da institui??o tecnol?gica e a concep??o de profissionaliza??o docente. Contudo os dados da pesquisa de campo for?aram um deslocamento da an?lise para a origem da constitui??o profissional, quando por volta dos anos de 1910 at? 1940 incidem na sociedade os proclames p?blicos republicanos para a profissionaliza??o de um magist?rio capaz de uma interven??o qualificada na educa??o profissional dos jovens desvalidos para serem cidad?os ?teis . Delimita-se ainda um enfoque de profiss?o docente, verificando os significantes globais vindos do sistema oficial, como a no??o de compet?ncias, mas a licenciatura nos contextos locais demonstra n?o haver consensos sobre tais significantes globais. Congruente ao saberfazer docente e aos processos identit?rios profissionais, demonstra-se por meio do trabalho de pesquisa de campo, documentos e da literatura, a exist?ncia de espa?os/tempos institucionais marcados pelas perman?ncias e ambig?idades, contudo na atualidade, essas marcas do passado e da dualidade estrutural sob a esfera escolar/universit?ria tencionam os processos socioculturais e acad?micos para a??es e percep??es de car?ter mais emancipado dos dom?nios agr?rios hegem?nicos. A discuss?o te?rica que atravessa toda a tese remete ao entendimento que em sociedade, nos espa?os pol?tico-culturais, os indiv?duos e grupos s?o moldados por saberes, atitudes, valores, normaliza??o t?cnica e perfis para exercerem pap?is na profiss?o docente ou em outra ?rea profissional. De modo a configurar uma realidade n?o t?o equilibrada em rela??es de perman?ncias e determina??es, verifica-se a mesma sob tens?o na e pela disputa de profissionaliza??o docente. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral da tese ? buscar compreender as identidades docentes desse professor da educa??o t?cnica agr?cola a partir dos processos s?cio-profissionais institucionalizados pelo campo pol?tico-acad?mico de socializa??o. Sobretudo, tomamos esse espa?o como um lugar de disputas, particularmente, eivado de articula??es/intera??es das esferas interiores e exteriores, subjetivas e objetivas ao grupo profissional. A abordagem e a interpreta??o dos dados e informa??es coletadas da pesquisa de campo delimitam-se na revis?o de literatura tomada nas categorias da sociologia compreensiva de Pierre Bourdieu, Berger e Luckmann, Anthony Giddens, tamb?m na sociologia da educa??o de Gimeno Sacrist?n, na sociologia das profiss?es de Claude Dubar, Eliot Freidson e diversos te?ricos e pesquisadores referenciados no discurso da ANFOPE e ANPED. Demonstra-se o enredamento institucional promovido entre os atores/agentes que organizam os estudos das id?ias, na??o e cultura, nesse caso destaque-se Eli Lima, An?sio Teixeira, S?rgio Miceli, Renato Ortiz. ?s teorias das sociedades contempor?neas no tocante as pr?ticas pol?ticas, econ?micas e culturais que configuram e conferem significados ao campo brasileiro, busca-se em Roberto Moreira. A metodologia est? balizada nos aportes te?ricos da pesquisa qualitativa em ci?ncias sociais e humanas, aonde os procedimentos e instrumentos de natureza etnogr?fica chegaram aos dados que constata ser a profiss?o docente uma constru??o social em processos de rupturas com os modelos passados, portanto, um grupo s?cio-profissional configurado nas tens?es provocadas entre as perman?ncias e ambig?idades sobre uma realidade relacional, em plena din?mica de novos processos de institucionaliza??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Marcus Peixoto.pdf: 2344528 bytes, checksum: f4c175c64cbe997db72476e146bc2a4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-04 / The purpose of this thesis is, considering the environment of the Brazilian public agricultural extension crisis and the world trend to pluralization of agricultural extension systems, to study how agricultural pesticides industries plan, organize and deliver agricultural advisory services, associated to the sales of these products in Brazil. The research results showed that, in fact, these services have a strategic importance to the competitiveness of pesticides industries, which hire a significant amount of sales technicians and a diversified set of firms, through different kinds of contractual arrangements, composed of agricultural retailers, cooperatives and professionals that deliver such services to their clients, the farmers. The Brazilian agricultural extension system became official in years 70 and is characterized for being free of taxes to farmers and decentralized at the states level, with federal support. Such system faced a crisis at the eighties that culminated with the extinction of Embrater, on 1990. During the nineties the crisis persisted, with little support from state governments to its solution. The pluralization processes of agricultural extension models have been studied by foreign literature, with support from FAO and World Bank, but have received little attention in Brazil. The researched literature suggests that there are not unique and ideal models, and that pluralization of agricultural extension systems is the best way to attend diverse publics. The input and equipment supply industries are examples of agents that direct or indirectly deliver such services, associated to the sales of their goods. In Brazil such agents assumed a detached role, for their participation on the constitution of agroindustrial systems throughout the agriculture modernization process. Notwithstanding, the private extension services delivered by such industries, as by raw material processor industries, have not been much studied. / O objetivo desta tese ?, considerando o ambiente de crise da extens?o rural p?blica brasileira e a tend?ncia mundial de pluraliza??o dos sistemas de extens?o rural, estudar como as ind?strias de defensivos agr?colas planejam, organizam e prestam seus servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural, associados ? venda desses produtos no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que, de fato, tais servi?os t?m uma import?ncia estrat?gica para a competitividade das ind?strias de defensivos, e que estas contam com um significativo contingente de t?cnicos de venda e um diversificado conjunto de firmas, atrav?s de diferentes tipos de arranjos contratuais, constitu?do de revendas agropecu?rias, cooperativas e profissionais que prestam estes servi?os aos seus clientes, os produtores rurais. O modelo de extens?o rural brasileiro tornou-se oficial nos anos 70 e caracteriza-se por ser gratuito para o produtor rural e descentralizado ao n?vel dos estados, com suporte federal. Tal modelo entrou em crise nos anos 80, que culminou com a extin??o da Embrater, em 1990. Na d?cada de 90 a crise persistiu, com pouco apoio dos governos estaduais ? sua solu??o. Os processos de pluraliza??o dos modelos de extens?o rural t?m sido estudados pela literatura estrangeira, com apoio da FAO e do Banco Mundial, mas recebido pouca aten??o no Brasil. A literatura pesquisada sugere que n?o existem modelos ?nicos ideais, e que a pluraliza??o dos sistemas de extens?o rural ? o melhor caminho para atender a p?blicos diversos. As ind?strias fornecedoras de insumos e equipamentos s?o exemplos de agentes que prestam direta ou indiretamente tais servi?os, associados ? venda de seus produtos. No Brasil tais agentes assumiram papel de destaque, pela sua participa??o na constitui??o dos sistemas agroindustriais ao longo do processo de moderniza??o agr?cola. N?o obstante, os servi?os de extens?o privados prestados por tais ind?strias, assim como por agroind?strias processadoras de mat?ria prima agropecu?ria, t?m sido pouco estudados.