Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / In rural areas the native forest fragments and the presence of the tree element can provide many ecosystem services to the population and the productive system. However, due to the small size of the properties of small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, linked to the fear of losing production areas with the introduction of trees not always this element is part of the system. One of the strategies found for the introduction of tree species in production systems is the use of it as a hedge. The objective of this study was to test the cutting propagation of multifunctional forest species with potential for use as a living fence. It was assessed that the best position in the branch, apex or base and the use of nut grass extract in the rooting of cuttings of Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliricidia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito and Casearia sylvestris. The vegetative propagules were immersed in distilled water or immersed in solution extract of C. rotundus tubers. We evaluated the number and size of buds, budding rate, shoot dry weight, rooting rate, root number, size of the largest root, root dry weight and survival rate. The species G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius and T. micranta presented rooting rate of 17.5%, 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The other did not send roots. As for the position in the branch, only 5% of apical cuttings of S. terebinthifolius issued roots. The highest rates were found budding in S. terebinthifolius (47.5%), G. sepium (27.5%), C. sylvestris (22.5%) and T. micranta (2.5%). The use of C. rotundus extract showed significant difference in the number of shoots of basal cuttings of G. sepium, but had no effect on rooting. Only G. sepium showed potential for reproduction by cuttings. The use of cuttings obtained from the base of the branches were more efficient in propagation of forest species. The use of fitoregulador not influenced rooting, however, showed potential in boosting the number of shoots in basal cuttings of G. sepium / Na ?rea rural os fragmentos de mata nativa e a presen?a do elemento arb?reo podem fornecer diversos servi?os ecossist?micos ? popula??o e ao sistema produtivo. Por?m, em consequ?ncia ao reduzido tamanho das propriedades dos pequenos produtores do estado do Rio de Janeiro, associado ao receio de perder ?reas de produ??o com a introdu??o das ?rvores, nem sempre este elemento faz parte do sistema produtivo. Uma das estrat?gias encontradas para agregar esp?cies arb?reas aos sistemas produtivos ? o uso das mesmas como cerca viva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a propaga??o por estaquia de esp?cies florestais multifuncionais com potencial para uso como cerca viva. Foi avaliada qual a melhor posi??o do ramo, ?pice ou base e o uso do extrato de Cyperus rotundus sobre o enraizamento das estacas de Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliric?dia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito e Casearia sylvestris. Os prop?gulos vegetativos foram imersos em ?gua destilada ou imersos em solu??o com 50% de ?gua destilada e 50 % de extrato de tub?rculos de C. rotundus. Foram avaliados o n?mero e tamanho dos brotos, taxa de brota??o, mat?ria seca de parte a?rea, taxa de enraizamento, n?mero de ra?zes prim?rias, tamanho da maior raiz, mat?ria seca de raiz e taxa de sobreviv?ncia. As esp?cies G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius e T. micranta apresentaram taxa de enraizamento de 17,5%, 7,5% e 2,5%, respectivamente. As demais n?o emitiram ra?zes. Quanto ? posi??o no ramo, somente 5% das estacas apicais de S. terebinthifolius emitiram ra?zes. As maiores taxas de brota??o foram encontradas em S. terebinthifolius (47,5%), G. sepium (27,5%), C. sylvestris (22,5%) e T. micranta (2,5 %). O uso do extrato de C. rotundus mostrou diferen?a significativa no n?mero de brotos das estacas basais de G. sepium, mas n?o apresentou influ?ncia no enraizamento. Nas condi??es avaliadas apenas a G. sepium apresentou potencial para a reprodu??o por estaquia. O uso de estacas obtidas a partir da base dos ramos mostraram-se mais eficientes na propaga??o das esp?cies florestais. O uso do fitoregulador n?o influenciou o enraizamento, no entanto, mostrou potencial no est?mulo do n?mero de brota??es nas estacas basais de G. sepium

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Cell cultures provide a simplified system of observation that can be particularly useful for studies of intracellular and epicellular microorganisms. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro embryonic cells primary culture of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus to cultivate the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi american strain G39/40. The culture was established from embryonated eggs of engorged females of R. sanguineus to 12 days after the beginning of the oviposition, using the culture medium Leibovitz's L-15B supplemented with 20% of inactivated fetal calf serum, 10% of tryptose phosphate broth, 0.1% fraction V bovine albumin, 1% of glutamine and 0.1% of gentamicin antibiotic, pH 6.8. After the formation of a monolayer, the initial culture medium L-15B was removed from the tubes and replaced by Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium (BSK) or BSK with L-15B without antibiotics. Spirochetes previously grown in BSK were counted and inoculated into tubes, with final concentration of approximately 6.2 x 105 spirochetes/mL. B. burgdorferi from the inoculated tubes were countered when the means showed yellow color, indicative of high acidity due to the multiplication of spirochetes. On the third day after the start of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells, we observed the fixation of cell aggregates on the surface of the bottles. From these clusters, there were several cell types, such as large fibroblast-type cells and structures like vesicles and tubes. In the second week, we observed the appearance of round or flattened epithelial-type cells, and after 21 days of culture, we realized the formation of a monolayer due to the appearance of confluent cells. The L-15B medium proved to be efficient for the development of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells. There was a great multiplication of spirochetes cultivated with cultured embryonic cells when compared to the initial concentration, as well as the spirochetes grown in the absence of the tick cells, observing an increase of 100 times the number of B. burgdorferi. Seven days after inoculation, the tubes in which we used only the BSK medium, higher concentrations of B. burgdorferi were recovered when compared to the tubes where the medium BSK and Leibovitz's L-15B were used. Regardless of the culture media tested, the final concentration of B. burgdorferi of the tubes with embryonic tick cells was lower than that of seamless embryonic cells. In observation of the culture tubes on microscopy phase contrast, spirochetes were presented adhered to epithelial-type and fibroblast-type tick cells in an epicelular way and with great motility. R. sanguineus embryonic cells grown in BSK medium, with or without B. burgdorferi inoculation, stopped its propagation, showed membrane degeneration and many of them broke away from the surface of the bottle. The cells grown in BSK and L- 15B continued to multiply, many were still intact and attached to the bottle, with the presence of tissues in development, with fewer degenerated and floating cells than those cultivated in BSK. The spirochete B. burgdorferi strain G39/40, adhered, grew, multiplied and showed great motility in cultures of embryonic cells of R. sanguineus tick, using BSK and Leibovitz?s L-15B media. / As culturas celulares oferecem um simplificado sistema de observa??o que pode ser particularmente ?til para estudos de microrganismos intracelulares e epicelulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer cultura prim?ria in vitro de c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus para cultivo da espiroqueta Borrelia burgdorferi, cepa americana G39/40. A cultura foi estabelecida a partir de ovos embrionados de f?meas ingurgitadas de R. sanguineus com 12 dias ap?s o ?nicio da postura, utilizando o meio de cultivo Leibovitz?s L- 15B, suplementado com 20% de soro fetal bovino inativado, 10% de caldo triptose fosfato, 0,1% fra??o V de albumina bovina, 1% de glutamina e 0,1% de antibi?tico gentamicina, pH 6,8. Com a forma??o de uma monocamada celular, o meio de cultura inicial L-15B foi retirado dos tubos e trocado por meio Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) ou BSK com L-15B sem antibi?tico. As espiroquetas previamente cultivadas em BSK foram contadas e inoculadas nos tubos, apresentando concentra??o final de aproximadamente 6,2 x 105 espiroquetas/mL. A contagem de B. burgdorferi dos tubos inoculados foi realizada quando o meio apresentou colora??o amarela, indicativa de elevada acidez devido ? multiplica??o das espiroquetas. No terceiro dia ap?s o in?cio da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus, foi poss?vel observar a fixa??o de agregados celulares na superf?cie dos frascos. A partir destes agregados, surgiram diversos tipos celulares, como grandes c?lulas fibroblast?ides e estruturas semelhantes a ves?culas e tubos. Na segunda semana, foi observado o aparecimento das c?lulas epiteli?ides ou redondas e, com 21 dias de cultivo, visualizou-se a forma??o de uma monocamada celular devido ao aspecto confluente das c?lulas. O meio de cultivo L-15B demonstrou ser eficiente para o desenvolvimento da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus. Houve grande multiplica??o das espiroquetas cultivadas com c?lulas embrion?rias quando comparada ? concentra??o inicial, assim como das espiroquetas cultivadas na aus?ncia das c?lulas de carrapato, observando-se um aumento em 100 vezes do n?mero de B. burgdorferi. Sete dias ap?s a inocula??o, foram recuperadas maiores concentra??es de B. burgdorferi nos tubos onde se utilizou somente o meio BSK, do que nos tubos onde foi utilizado BSK juntamente com Leibovitz?s L-15B. Independente dos meios de cultivo testados, a concentra??o final de B. burgdorferi dos tubos com c?lulas embrion?rias de carrapato foi menor do que a dos tubos sem c?lulas embrion?rias. Na observa??o dos tubos de cultivo ? microscopia de contraste de fase, as espiroquetas apresentaram-se aderidas ?s c?lulas de carrapato epiteli?ides e fibroblast?ides de maneira epicelular e com grande motilidade. As c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus cultivadas em meio BSK, com ou sem in?culo de B. burgdorferi, pararam sua multiplica??o, apresentaram degenera??o na membrana e muitas desprenderam-se da superf?cie do frasco. As c?lulas cultivadas em meio BSK e L-15B continuaram a se multiplicar, muitas ainda estavam ?ntegras e aderidas ao frasco, com presen?a de tecidos em desenvolvimento, com menos c?lulas degeneradas e flutuantes que as cultivadas somente em BSK. A espiroqueta B. burgdorferi, cepa G39/40, aderiu, cresceu, multiplicou e apresentou grande motilidade nos cultivos com c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato R. sanguineus, utilizando meios BSK e Leibovitz?s L-15B.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Planos de Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (Reuni) / Even with technological advances in the field of artificial insemination, there is a huge number of people freezing semen in a manual way. This technique has proven to be viable, however, it is difficult to standardize the cooling and freezing curves, since they depend on the quality of the material used (refrigerator sealing, type of cooler, liquid nitrogen level and other). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cryopreservation of bovine semen using two freezing techniques (conventional and automated) on motility, vigor and heat resistance of the sperm after thawing. The experiment was developed over a period of 12 weeks, divided into two parts, an initial six weeks part where Tris-yolk extender was used and a second part in which the extender used was Citrate-yolk. Three Holstein bulls were used for weekly semen collection by artificial vagina method. After collection, were evaluated: volume, motility, mass motility and sperm concentration to find out the number of doses. After dilution, the semen was stored in straws of 0.5 ml. Then the straws were subjected to conventional freezing technique (use of refrigerator, nitrogen vapor and immersion in liquid nitrogen) and automated technique (machine from Cryogen ?). After 24 hours the samples were thawed, re-tested and underwent the quick thermoresistance test. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (nonparametric) with a significance level of 5% with the aid of BioEstat 4 and Systat 11 PC-programs. There was significant difference (p <0.05) between automated and manual techniques for both extenders used, and the automated technique has presented the best results for motility and vigor after cryopreservation and thermoresistance test. Thus, we can conclude that the automated technique to freezing bovine semen has shown to be advantageous and practical because as well as providing better results, it standardizes cooling and freezing curves. / Mesmo com os avan?os tecnol?gicos no campo da insemina??o artificial, ainda ? grande o n?mero de pessoas que realizam a congela??o de s?men de maneira manual. Esta t?cnica tem se mostrado vi?vel, por?m, ? dif?cil padronizar as curvas de resfriamento e de congela??o, uma vez que dependem da qualidade do material utilizado (veda??o da geladeira, tipo de caixa de isopor, quantidade de gelo, n?vel de nitrog?nio l?quido e outros). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da criopreserva??o de s?men bovino utilizando duas t?cnicas de congela??o (convencional e automatizada) sobre a motilidade, vigor e resist?ncia t?rmica dos espermatoz?ides ap?s a descongela??o. O experimento foi elaborado em um per?odo de 12 semanas, sendo dividido em duas partes, uma inicial de seis semanas onde foi utilizado o diluidor Tris-gema e uma segunda parte na qual o diluidor utilizado foi Citrato-gema. Foram utilizados tr?s touros holandeses para coleta de s?men semanal pelo m?todo da vagina artificial. Ap?s a coleta, foram avaliados: volume, motilidade, turbilhonamento, vigor e concentra??o esperm?tica para determina??o do n?mero de doses. Ap?s dilui??o, o s?men foi envasado em palhetas de 0,5 ml. Em seguida, as palhetas foram submetidas ?s t?cnicas de congela??o convencional (uso de geladeira, vapor de nitrog?nio e imers?o em nitrog?nio l?quido) e automatizada (aparelho da Cryogen?). Ap?s 24 horas as amostras foram descongeladas, reavaliadas e submetidas ao teste de termoresist?ncia r?pido (TTR). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (an?lise de vari?ncia n?o param?trica) com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% com aux?lio dos programas BioEstat 4 e Systat 11. Houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) entre as t?cnicas automatizada e manual para os dois diluidores testados, sendo a t?cnica automatizada a que apresentou melhores resultados para motilidade e vigor ap?s a criopreserva??o e teste de resist?ncia t?rmica. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a t?cnica automatizada para congela??o de s?men bovino apresenta-se vantajosa e pr?tica pois al?m de proporcionar melhores resultados, ela padroniza as curvas de refrigera??o e de congelamento.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T16:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tayana Galv?o Scheiffer de Paula Antunes.pdf: 886909 bytes, checksum: 3d81bdb995e369056c9a96e210803d4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T16:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tayana Galv?o Scheiffer de Paula Antunes.pdf: 886909 bytes, checksum: 3d81bdb995e369056c9a96e210803d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Aiming to obtain information to support the biodiversity management that enable sustainable production systems and ensure the quality of natural resources, this study contribute to increasing agricultural productivity based on the use of green manure in a sustainable manner, aiming to evaluate the behavior of winter green manures lupines albus, black oats and the consortium between those two in mountain environment, and the influence of the herbicide decomposition rate of straws from these plants and diversity and abundance of soil fauna. The experiment was conducted in the area of EscolaT?cnicaAgr?colaEstadualRei Alberto I, located in the Watershed Barrac?o dos Mendes, Municipality of NovaFriburgo, mountainous region on the state of Rio de Janeiro at an altitude of 1,065m. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four treatments: black oat, lupines albus, consortium and weeds, with four replications each, totaling 16 plots in the first stage of work, experiment 1. On the experiment 2, the plots were subdivided into two management systems, mechanical, where the plants were mowed and chemical, which occurred application of glyphosate herbicide, for the deposition of the straws on the ground. On the first part, productivity of green manure was evaluated, as well as the accumulation of nutrients and the epigaeous fauna associated to vegetation. The second part, after the management of the green manure, aimed the evaluation of mass loss of plant residues, epigaeous fauna and associated soil macrofauna. The main results showed that the lupine, single or consortium obtained satisfactory productivity, both in terms of biomass and the amount of accumulated nutrients, presenting potential for use in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro. The loss of mass of the residues was affected by the use of herbicide. The community of epigaeous fauna was not a good indicator because it didn?t suffer significant changes before or after the green manure management. The colembolas population was negatively afected by the herbicide. The soil macrofauna was more sensitive to the diferent forms of management, and the reduction of the density soil organisms could be observed up to 10 times when the plants were sprayed with herbicide. It was also noted the reduction on the macrofauna diversity. There was no difference in the chemical composition of the soil due to different covers and forms of management / Visando obter informa??es que ap?iem a proposi??o de manejos de gest?o da biodiversidade, que viabilizem sistemas de produ??o sustent?veis e garantam a qualidade dos recursos naturais, este estudo pretende colaborar com o aumento da produtividade agr?cola com base no uso da aduba??o verde, de forma sustent?vel. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos adubos verdes de inverno tremo?o-branco, aveia-preta e do cons?rcio entre os dois, em ambiente de montanha, e a influ?ncia do herbicida na taxa de decomposi??o das palhadas dessas plantas e na diversidade e abund?ncia da fauna do solo. O experimento de campo foi conduzido na ?rea da Escola T?cnica Agr?cola Estadual Rei Alberto I, localizada na Microbacia do Barrac?o dos Mendes, Munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a uma altitude de 1.065 m. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos: aveia-preta, tremo?o-branco, cons?rcio e plantas espont?neas, com quatro repeti??es cada, totalizando 16 parcelas na primeira etapa do trabalho, etapa I. Na etapa II, as parcelas foram subdivididas em duas formas de manejo, mec?nico, onde as plantas foram ro?adas, e qu?mico, onde ocorreu aplica??o do herbicida glifosato, para a deposi??o das palhadas sobre o solo. Na etapa I, estudou-se a produtividade das plantas de cobertura, bem como o ac?mulo de nutrientes e a fauna ep?gea associada ?vegeta??o. Na segunda etapa, ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura, foi realizada a avalia??o da perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais, fauna ep?gea e macrofauna ed?fica associadas a esses res?duos. Como principais resultados, observou-se que o tremo?o, solteiro ou consorciado, obteve produtividade satisfat?ria, tanto em termos de fitomassa, quanto de quantidades de nutrientes acumulados, apresentando potencial para o uso na Regi?o Serrana do Rio de Janeiro. A perda de massa dos res?duos vegetais foi afetada com o uso de herbicida. A comunidade da fauna ep?gea n?o foi um bom indicador, pois n?o sofreu significativas modifica??es antes ou ap?s o manejo das plantas de cobertura. No entanto, as popula??es de col?mbolos foram afetadas negativamente pelo herbicida. J? a comunidade da macrofauna ed?fica se mostrou mais sens?vel ?s formas de manejo, sendo observada a redu??o da densidade dos organismos do solo ? metade e em at? 10 vezes, quando as plantas foram manejadas com herbicida. Observou-se tamb?m redu??o da diversidade da macrofauna. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o qu?mica do solo em fun??o das diferentes coberturas e formas de manejo

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T13:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marina Vasconcelos de Oliveira.pdf: 1221503 bytes, checksum: 9381f92942c7388888364c8566c8a781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Tropical forests support a great vegetal diversity, in part, through an nutrient cycling initiated by the soil arthropod?s fauna, which facilitated the litter decomposers action, propitiating the release of stock nutrients to the soil. Therefore, studies about these fauna and what factors alter it are extremely important to understand the nutrient cycling process in tropical forests. Among epigeic fauna represents, the leaf-cutting ants are considered the Neotropical region dominant herbivores and studies relate their multiple effects on vegetable community and the soil . Nonetheless, there aren?t studies about leaf-cutting ants effects on other arthropods communities, including mirmecofauna. This study aim to investigate the nests effects of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) on a soil arthropod community. The study site was Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where we collected samples at ten A. sexdens nests in period of 2 February to 9 February 2016. Along a linear transect of 32 meters, we collected litter samples from 0,25 m? size at intervals of 8 meters from each nests? edge of A. sexdens, whereby we also measured the air and soil temperature, the light and the air relative humidity. We aim to verify if litter structure and microclimatic conditions alter arthropod community structure and if these effects can be mediated by A. sexdens nests. The hypothesis in question are: 1) Litter Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by litter and litter would be altered by A. sexdens; 2) Abiotic Factors Hypothesis, whereby arthropod community structure would be influenced by abiotic factors and these factors would be altered by A. sexdens and 3) Nest Hypothesis, whereby community alterations would happen through intrinsic factors to active nests presence and not explained by alterations in a litter and/or in abiotic factors measured. For the test of the first and the second hypothesis, we did simple regressions and next variance analysis, assessing the litter and abiotic factors effects on arthropod community parameters and if this effects can be mediated by A. sexdens. To test Nest Hypothesis, we did variance analysis and analysis of similarities, assessing direct effects of A. sexdens on other arthropods community. We collected 3074 arthropods, among them Acari and Collembola were the most abundant groups. In relation of the ants, we obtained 63 specimens, in 26 genera and 32 identified species. The Strumigenys genus was one of the most frequent genera and it detained the biggest richness among mirmecofauna predators.We didn?t detect A. sexdens effects on soil arthropod community around its nests. Studies that include sazonality and behavior comparison between different species of leaf-cutting ants can result in new knowledge about the interaction between these organisms and other arthropods / As florestas tropicais sustentam uma grande diversidade vegetal, em parte, devido ? ciclagem de nutrientes iniciada pela fauna de artr?podes do solo, que facilita a a??o dos decompositores da serrapilheira, propiciando a libera??o dos nutrientes estocados para o solo. Logo, estudos sobre essa fauna e que fatores a afetam s?o importantes para a compreens?o dos processos de ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas tropicais. Dentre os representantes da fauna epigeica, as formigas-cortadeiras s?o consideradas os herb?voros dominantes da regi?o Neotropical e estudos relatam seus m?ltiplos efeitos sobre a comunidade vegetal e o solo. Entretanto, n?o h? estudos sobre os efeitos das formigas-cortadeiras sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Este estudo visa investigar os efeitos dos ninhos de formigas-cortadeiras Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo. A ?rea de estudo foi a Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?u, munic?pio de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, na qual coletamos amostras em 10 ninhos de A. sexdens no per?odo de 2 a 9 de fevereiro de 2016. Ao longo de um transecto linear de 32 metros, coletamos amostras de serrapilheira de tamanho 0,25m? a intervalos de 8 metros a partir da borda de cada ninho de A. sexdens, nos quais tamb?m medimos as temperaturas do ar e do solo, a luz e a umidade relativa do ar. Objetivamos averiguar se a estrutura da serrapilheira e as condi??es microclim?ticas alteram a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados pelos ninhos de A. sexdens. As hip?teses em estudo s?o: 1) Hip?tese da Serrapilheira, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pela serrapilheira e a serrapilheira seria alterada por A. sexdens; 2) Hip?tese dos Fatores Abi?ticos, na qual a estrutura da comunidade de artr?podes seria influenciada pelos fatores abi?ticos locais e estes fatores seriam alterados por A. sexdens e 3) Hip?tese do Ninho, em que as altera??es na comunidade se dariam por fatores intr?nsecos ? presen?a dos ninhos ativos e n?o explicados por altera??es na serrapilheira e/ou nos fatores abi?ticos medidos. As duas primeiras hip?teses foram testadas atrav?s de regress?es lineares simples, seguidas de an?lises de vari?ncia, avaliando os efeitos da serrapilheira e dos fatores abi?ticos sobre os par?metros da comunidade de artr?podes e se esses efeitos podem ser mediados por A. sexdens. No teste da hip?tese do Ninho, fizemos an?lises de vari?ncia e an?lises de similaridade, avaliando os efeitos diretos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade dos demais artr?podes. Coletamos 3074 artr?podes, dentre os quais Acari e Collembola foram os grupos mais abundantes. Em rela??o ?s formigas, obtivemos 63 morfoesp?cies, em 26 g?neros e 32 esp?cies identificadas. O g?nero Strumigenys foi um dos g?neros mais frequentes e deteve a maior riqueza dentre os predadores da mirmecofauna. N?o detectamos efeitos de A. sexdens sobre a comunidade de artr?podes do solo do seu entorno. Estudos que incluam a sazonalidade e que comparem o comportamento entre diferentes esp?cies de formigas-cortadeiras podem resultar em novos conhecimentos a respeito da intera??o desses organismos com os demais artr?podes

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - MICHELLE MIDORI SENA FUGIMURA.pdf: 727349 bytes, checksum: 7ba1d796440495f1fa87bc9994825c7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / FUGIMURA, Michelle Midori Sena. Effects of temperature and stocking density on the growth and survival of juvenile of Litopenaeus schmitti. 2009. 33p. Dissertation (Master Science in Animal Science). Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2009. The white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti is considered a promising species concerning aquaculture; however, there is limited information regarding its growth in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature and stocking density, as well as the juvenile survival rate of raised L. schmitti in captivity. This study was carried out at the Marine Biology Station of UFRRJ for 42 days. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 2 x 3, referring to water temperature (24 and 26?C) and stocking densities (220; 440 and 660 shrimp/m?), respectively. After the acclimatization period, weight and individual total length were recorded for every shrimp (n= 240), that were assigned to wire baskets. The average initial weight and total individual length were 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectively. Wire baskets of 0,17 m diameter were considered the experimental units. They were kept on polyethylene tanks which had 150 L of treated seawater and constant aeration. The tanks were cleaned on a daily basis, as data on abiotic factors were collected, such as: salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The temperature was maintained by electrical thermostats heaters. All shrimp were fed on a commercial diet containing 40% protein, on equal quantities, three times a day at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h. At the beginning of the experiment the commercial diet was offered at 40% of shrimp biomass, but this rate was adjusted weekly. Shrimps of every repetition were weighted, in group, once a week. At the end of the experiment, individual weight and total length were measured. The specific growth rate, apparent feed conversion, weight gain (g and %), length gain (%), biomass/ha, survival rate, weight and average total final length were calculated and analyzed to evaluate significative difference related to stocking density and temperature using the ANOVA and Tukey test ?posthoc?. There was no significant difference between the two factors analyzed (p > 0,05), except for biomass/ha. The treatments with 26?C of temperature and the 220 shrimp/m? of stocking density showed a positive effect (p < 0,05) on the juvenile L. schmitti growth. / O camar?o branco Litopenaeus schmitti ? considerada uma esp?cie promissora para aq?icultura, por?m existem poucas informa??es sobre o crescimento da esp?cie em cativeiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e densidade de estocagem no crescimento e sobreviv?ncia de juvenis de L. schmitti em cativeiro. O estudo foi realizado na Esta??o de Biologia Marinha da UFRRJ durante 42 dias. Os tratamentos foram distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, referindo a temperatura da ?gua (24 e 26?C) e as densidades de estocagem (220; 440 e 660 indiv?duos/m?), respectivamente. Ap?s o per?odo de aclimata??o, foram registrados o peso e comprimento total individual de todos os indiv?duos (n=240), e realizada a distribui??o em cestas teladas. Os animais apresentaram peso e comprimento total inicial m?dio igual a 0,38?0,09 g e 34,91?2,38 mm, respectivamente. As cestas teladas com di?metro de 0,17 m foram consideradas as unidades experimentais, e mantidas em tanques de polietileno com cerca de 150 L de ?gua tratada e aera??o constante. Diariamente, foi realizada a limpeza dos tanques e registrado os dados abi?ticos: salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido. A manuten??o da temperatura foi feita atrav?s de aquecedores com termostatos el?tricos. Uma ra??o comercial com 40% de prote?na bruta foi fornecida aos animais em quantidades iguais, tr?s vezes ao dia, ?s 8, 14 e 20 hs. A quantidade de ra??o fornecida foi igual a 40% da biomassa no inicio do experimento, sendo reajustada semanalmente. Uma vez por semana os camar?es de cada repeti??o foram pesados em grupo. No final do experimento, o peso e o comprimento total foram tomados individualmente. A taxa de crescimento espec?fico, a convers?o alimentar bruta, o ganho de peso (g), ganho de peso (%), ganho de comprimento (%), a biomassa/ha, sobreviv?ncia, peso e comprimento total final m?dio foram calculados e analisados para avaliar as diferen?as significativas em rela??o ?s densidades de estocagem e temperatura atrav?s da ANOVA e posteriormente pelo teste de Tukey. N?o foi observado efeito significativo de intera??o entre os dois fatores estudados (p > 0,05), exceto para a biomassa/ha. A temperatura de 26?C e a densidade de 220 camar?es/m? isoladamente apresentou um efeito positivo (p < 0,05) sobre o crescimento de juvenis de L. schmitti.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T17:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - R?mulo de Souza Castro.pdf: 2416785 bytes, checksum: 8a4caf3e9d679fda33263f63923885b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T17:10:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - R?mulo de Souza Castro.pdf: 2416785 bytes, checksum: 8a4caf3e9d679fda33263f63923885b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / CAPES / This work aims to explore the actions and political knowledge generated through and within the main workers union in Brazil (CUT) experience. The research covered the period from Lula government (2003-2010) to the joint demonstrations along with FIESP, ABIMAQ and other unions, as For?a Sindical and Uni?o Geral dos Trabalhadores, and it is grounded on sociological materialism, specifically on the collectivist approach of Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin e Georges Gurvitch. The main interpretations about CUT history emphasizes its supposed betrayal, especially those concerned with the agrarian question and the agrarian reform. Therefore this theses analyses the political knowledge about industrialism and the agrarian question, in the light of the classic debate among marxists and anarchists about social democrat alignments and movements. We show how the social democrat project has come to be applied, in Brazil, in a new synthesis, called here propositional unionism, which articulates these social democrat knowledge with political brazilian structure, that is characterized by strong presence of unionist and electoral pragmatism. Thus we aim to show how the unionist bureaucracy has developed a government practice and knowledge that allowed the classes conciliation, through the participation in the Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econ?mico e Social (CEDS). The argument developed here is that this unionism model, as well as its cognitive system, were both crucial to government practices and the conciliation between social classes in order to apply the Agenda Nacional de Desenvolvimento (AND) and the Programa de Acelera??o do Crescimento (PAC, a development program), which had contributed to 1) the development of capitalism in Brazil through fostering the labor aristocracy, usually the group that leads the union and so the negotiation within the State, and 2) to integration between industry and agriculture, as in the case of flex-fluel cars, letting aside the land distribution policy. / A presente tese resulta de uma pesquisa sobre a a??o e o saber pol?tico produzidos pela CUT durante o per?odo do Governo Lula (2003-2010) at? as manifesta??es conjuntas de rua com a FIESP, ABIMAQ e centrais sindicais, como For?a Sindical e Uni?o Geral dos Trabalhadores, embasada no arcabou?o te?rico do materialismo sociol?gico e da abordagem coletivista a partir de autores como Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin e Georges Gurvitch. A tese nasceu da inquieta??o a respeito das abordagens sobre a trajet?ria pol?tica da CUT, sua suposta trai??o, e do sepultamento da quest?o agr?ria, sobretudo no que diz respeito ? reforma agr?ria de cunho radical. Dessa maneira, estudamos o saber pol?tico, o sistema cognitivo, social-democrata, sobre o industrialismo e a quest?o agr?ria, retomando debate cl?ssico entre marxistas e anarquistas acerca dessa quest?o e do desenvolvimento hist?rico da social-democracia e da aplica??o desse modelo. Apresentamos como o modelo social-democrata se materializou, no Brasil, numa s?ntese nova, chamado de sindicalismo propositivo, que articula esse saber social-democrata com a estrutura sociopol?tica brasileira, que se apresenta com a forte presen?a do pragmatismo sindical e eleitoral brasileiro. Dessa forma mostraremos como uma burocracia sindical desenvolveu uma pr?tica de governo e um saber que permitiram a interpenetra??o das classes, principalmente por meio da participa??o no Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econ?mico e Social (CEDS), sendo este modelo de sindicalismo e seu sistema cognitivo fundamental para a pr?tica de governo e interpenetra??o entre classes sociais em torno da Agenda Nacional de Desenvolvimento (AND) e do Programa de Acelera??o do Crescimento (PAC), contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil atrav?s de um favorecimento de uma aristocracia oper?ria, base da burocracia sindical presente na gest?o do Estado, e contribuindo para integra??o entre ind?stria e agricultura, como no caso dos carros flex-fluel, secundarizando a pol?tica de distribui??o de terras.

No description available.

It is proposed to continue operating the graphite moderated Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) fleet past its design life. Nuclear graphite's properties change in reactor and our limited mechanistic understanding of the relationship between graphite structure, across different lengthscales, and its properties limits our ability to predict its future behaviour. An improved understanding of the relationship between graphite's structural features, the relationship between features across different lengthscales and their effect on material properties would all contribute to a mechanistic understanding of graphite behaviour. Thermal expansion generates thermal strains and stresses in the graphite core during thermal transients, such as during reactor start-up and shut-down. Thermal expansion is a function of graphite crystal thermal expansion, crystallographic preferred orientation and microstructure, although the exact relationship between these is not understood. It is also altered by neutron irradiation. This thesis investigates graphite microstructure, virgin and irradiated, and its crystallographic preferred orientation, specifically as they pertain to thermal expansion. The microstructure of British nuclear graphites PGA and Gilsocarbon, used in the Magnox and AGR fleet respectively, have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Trepanned AGR graphite, that is, graphite drilled from the reactor brick during routine inspection is examined. These samples are from the 2012 Hinkley Point B inspection campaign and are taken from several points through the brick thickness. This provides a 'snap shot' of current AGR graphite condition. Deep trepan samples removed from further into the brick thickness are observed for the first time. Neutron damage was observed in Magnox graphite, irradiated in an inert environment in the material test reactor programme INEEL. The spatial variation in texture of PGA and Gilsocarbon, and the change in such texture after prestress was observed using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Numerical models were used to identify the required texture change to produce changes in CTE, observed by other authors, during in-situ stress. PGA filler lamellae are arranged in parallel arrays and Gilsocarbon's smaller platelets are arranged in bunched clusters. Severe radiolytic oxidation is observed at all trepan locations, with oxidation decreasing away from the fuel. Radiolytic oxidation occurs at platelet edges. Texture measurements have indicated that PGA graphite exhibits significant spatial variation in texture. Gilsocarbon exhibits less variation but the variation observed is large enough to cause increased thermal stresses. Texture measurements of prestressed graphite have indicated that texture changes also vary spatially. Texture results and SEM observations indicate that spatial variation in texture is caused by spatial variation in microstructure. Changes to the filler particle during prestress may alter local texture. These results indicate there is a link between nuclear graphite's microstructure and its texture. The texture, a function of lamellae or platelet arrangement, determines its thermal expansion. Spatial variations in microstructure formed during manufacturing leads to spatial variations in CTE and possibly other texture sensitive properties, such as dimensional change. Deformation of the lamellae or platelets during stress; thermal creep or irradiation creep is expected to contribute to the observed change in properties associated with these stimuli.

Negli ultimi anni sono state pubblicate diverse normative, tra le quali ritroviamo la Decisione 2015/495 che ha emesso una lista di contaminanti con problematiche emergenti. Tra questi vi è il Triallate, erbicida pre-emergenza sul quale è stato basato questo progetto. In questo elaborato sono stati messi a confronto i risultati di uno studio triennale, il cui obiettivo era quello di monitorare le concentrazioni nelle acque di falda di due metaboliti del Triallate (DIPA e TCPSA), con i dati emersi dai modelli previsionali (FOCUS-Pearl) e verificare se tali dati erano concordi o se i valori della modellistica fornivano una tutela largamente protettiva nei confronti dell’ambiente, in sede di registrazione. / Recently, several regulations have been published, among which we find Decision 2015/495 which contains a list of contaminants with emerging problems. Among these we find Triallate, an herbicide on which this project was based. In this paper, the results of a three-year study on two metabolites of Triallate (DIPA and TCPSA) were compared with the data emerging from models (FOCUS-Pearl ). At the end we check if these data were in agreement or if the values ​​of the modeling provided a largely protective protection towards the environment.