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Evaluation of Automatic Incident Detection Systems Using the Automatic Incident Detection Comparison and Analysis ToolBrowne, Roger 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis presents a new testbed for Automatic Incident Detection (AID) systems that uses real-time traffic video and data feeds from the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario (MTO) COMPASS Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS). This new testbed, termed the AID Comparison and Analysis Tool (AID CAAT), consists largely of a data warehouse storing a significant amount of traffic video, the corresponding traffic data and an accurate log of incident start/end times. An evaluation was conducted whereby the AID CAAT was used to calibrate, and then analyze the performance of four AID systems: California Algorithm 8, McMaster Algorithm, the Genetic Adaptive Incident Detection (GAID) Algorithm and the Citilog - VisioPAD. The traditional measures of effectiveness (MOE) were initially used for this evaluation: detection rate (DR), false alarm rate (FAR), and mean time to detection (MTTD). However, an in-depth analysis of the test results (facilitated by the AID CAAT) revealed the need for two additional MOEs: False Normal Rate and Nuisance Rate. The justification and sample calculations for these new MOEs are also provided. This evaluation shows the considerable advantages of the AID CAAT, and also suggests the strengths and weaknesses of the AID systems tested. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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The Grant Component in United States Economic Aid to Less-Developed CountriesGahwiler, Carl J. 20 May 1971 (has links)
Foreing aid, since its comparatively recent inception, continually has been the subject of polemics. Though volumes have been written concerning its rationale, implementation, burden, impact, etc., only recently, with the concept of grants economics, have asessments of economic aid on a quantitative subsify basis been possible. These pioneering efforts have led the way toward a clearer understanding of foreign aid by identifying the real transfers involved.
The object of the following analysis is to ferret out the grant component of official United States economic aid to less-developed countries from 1953 to 1969. The United States is chosen due to availabiity of data and because U.S. aid historically has contirbuted over fifty percent of net global foreign aid...
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Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Use of Textbooks in English Teaching / Lärares attityd till användningen av läroböcker i engelskundervisningenSjögren, Sofie, Svensson, Beatrice January 2021 (has links)
The subject area of this study is English Teachers’ usage and attitudes towards textbooks when teaching. From personal work and practice experiences, teachers base their English teaching solely on textbooks. For many years, the use of textbooks in different subjects has been criticized. Despite this, the textbook is still a teaching aid that is widely used today. This study examines how the teachers use the textbook in their English teaching and how much room it gets. This case study begins with a presentation of different findings together with a literature review where it will display the nature of textbooks and teachers’ attitudes towards the use of textbooks. Furthermore, this case study will present the textbooks, and how they relate to the English subject in the Swedish curriculum. This, and how to accommodate the learners when teaching ESL will be displayed. This case study is based on two observations, one in grade 3, and one in grade 4. The observations are done in the same school, which will be referred to as the second school in this study. The contrast between the use of textbooks in the different grades will be analyzed through a review of content. This study will further present what other teaching materials are used. The observations will be analyzed and compared to interviews with six different teachers. Three teachers at one school, two of them in grade 3 and one of them in grade 4, and one teacher in grade 3 and two teachers in grade 4 at the second school. The results of this case study concluded that the use of textbooks differs depending on what school the teacher works in, what view the school has when using teaching aids, and if it is the decision of the teachers or the schools on what teaching aid should be used. The problem where the textbooks are not compatible with the curriculum can be considered as the most frequently appearing mistake that affects the development of young ESL learners. Moreover, any benefits of using textbooks will further be presented.
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Läromedelsanalys : En studie om läromedel i NO för åk 1-3 ur ett andraspråksperspektiv / Teaching materials Analysis : A study of science teaching materials for grade 1-3 from a second language perspectiveEjderlind, Linnea, Eriksson, Anna January 2021 (has links)
The purpose of the study is to incrase knowledge about the support available in teaching materials in biology, physics and chemistry for grades 1-3, to strengthen students who have Swedish as a second language. In the Swedish school, there are many students who have a mother tongue other than Swedish. Based on the study criteria, the selection landed on two teaching materials, the Book of NO and the Pulse NO book. These two teaching materials have been analyzed with a qauntitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis. In the quantitative content analysis, a frequency table was produced that contains subject-specific words and concepts. In the qualitative text analysis, lookups were analyzed from a multimodal perspective with the support of a framework. The framework is based on compositions of text, image, colors, signs and symbols to make visible how a textbook is structured. The content was analyzed from a second language perspective regarding the students´understanding. In the quantitative frequency table, there were many subject-specific words, concepts, explanatory text and pictures, which indicates that there are explanations to support second language students. The results show that the multiomodal aspects of textbooks, which aim to help and clarify subject-specific words and concepts for second language students in their understanding, do not always do so. It turned out that there were gaps in the interaction between text and image. The study shows that there is a difference between the textbooks. One textbook clarifies the understanding of the concept more through better interaction with images, while the other textbook does not make it as clear. / Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om vilket stöd det finns i läromedel i biologi, fysik och kemi för årskurs 1-3, för att stärka elever som har svenska som andraspråk. I den svenska skolan finns det många elever som har ett annat modersmål än svenska. Baserat på studiens kriterier landade urvalet på två läromedel, Boken om NO och Puls NO-boken.Dessa två läromedel har analyserats med en kvantitativ innehållsanalys och en kvalitativ textanalys. I den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen producerades en frekvenstabell som innehåller ämnesspecifika ord och begrepp. I den kvalitativa textanalysen analyserades uppslag ur ett multimodalt perspektiv med stöd av ett ramverk. Ramverket bygger på kompositioner av text, bild, färg tecken och symboler för att synliggöra hur en lärobok är uppbyggt. Innehållet analyserades ut ett andraspråksperspektiv med hänsyn till elevernas förförståelse. I den kvantitativa frekvenstabellen fanns det många ämnesspecifika ord, begrepp, förklarande text oh bilder, vilket tyder på att det finns förklaringar för att stödja andraspråksstudenter. Resultaten visar att de multimodala aspekten av läroböcker, som syftar till att hjälpa och förtydliga ämnesspecifika ord och begrepp för andraspråkselever i deras försåelse, inte alltid gör det. Det visade sig att det fanns luckor i interaktionen mellan text och bild. Studien visar att det finns en skillnad mellan läroböckerna. En lärobok klargör förståelsen av begreppen mer genom bättre interaktion med bilder, medan den andra läroboken inte gör det lika tydligt.
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Läromedelsanalys : En studie om läromedel i NO för åk 1-3 / Analysis of teaching materials : A study of science teaching materials for grade 1-3Lind, Ida, Härling, Frida January 2022 (has links)
The purpose of the study is to contribute with more knowledge about how different teaching materials in NOS can differ in terms of the connection to the core content and how it is represented in the form of images. The two teaching materials that we have chosen to review are "Puls NO-boken" and "Boken om NO". To examine these, we have produced two analysis tools based on the core content. We have made both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is done on selected images from the two teaching aids that we have analyzed in more detail. The results show that “Boken om NO” uses simpler and clearer images than “Puls NO-boken” in the production of life cycles. In the quantitative analysis, we compare the two textbooks in general to get an overall picture of how the books differ in relation to the core content. The results show that “Boken om NO” includes all core content, while the “Puls NO-boken” excludes three parts of the core content. A conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that “Boken om NO” is a more favorable book for both students and teachers as it includes all parts of the core content and that the presentation of images is clearer. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med mer kunskap kring hur olika läroböcker i NO kan skilja sig åt vad gäller kopplingen till det centrala innehållet samt hur det representeras i form av bilder. De två läroböcker som vi valt att granska är “Puls NO-boken” samt “Boken om NO”. För att granska dessa har vi framställt två analysverktyg som utgår ifrån det centrala innehållet. Det har gjorts en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ analys. Den kvalitativa analysen är gjord på utvalda bilder från de två läroböckerna som analyserat närmare. Resultatet visar att ”Boken om NO” använder enklare och tydligare bilder än ”Puls NO-boken” i framställningen av livscykler. I den kvantitativa analysen jämförs de två läroböckerna generellt för att få en övergripande bild över hur böckerna skiljer sig åt i förhållande till det centrala innehållet. Resultatet visar att “Boken om NO” behandlar alla centrala innehåll medan “Puls NO-boken” utesluter tre delar av det centrala innehållet. En slutsats som kan dras utifrån studien är att ”Boken om NO” är en mer gynnsam bok både för elever och lärare då den inkluderar alla delar ur det centrala innehållet samt att framställningen av bilder är tydligare.
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”Samerna har bott i vårt land under tusentals år” : En diskursanalys om framställningen av samer i läroböcker i samhällskunskap för årskurs 7–9 / “The Sami have lived in our country for thousands of years” : A discourse analysis about how Samis are being portrayed in civics textbooks in Junior high schoolFrisk, Evelin January 2024 (has links)
Detta examensarbete är en läromedelsanalys av läroböcker i ämnet samhällskunskap för årskurs 7-9. Syftet är att undersöka vilken diskurs som framträder vid framställningen av samer i dessa läroböcker samt att undersöka hur det kommer sig att denna diskurs framträder. De frågeställningar som besvarats är Vilken diskurs framträder i beskrivandet av samer i samhällskunskapens lärobokför årskurs 7–9? samt Hur framträder denna diskurs i läroböcker i samhällskunskap för årskurs 7–9? Den teori som utfåtts ifrån i undersökningen är det socialkonstruktivistiska och den metod som använts för att besvara forskningsfrågorna är kritisk diskursanalys med en komplimenterande bildanalys. Resultatet visar att det i framställningen av samer i läromedlen framträder en diskurs där samer andrafieras och skildras som ”dem”, vilka står i kontrast till ”vi”, majoritetssamhället. Detta bottnar i att det är mycket svårt att ställa sig utanför den rådande diskursen. / This bachelor thesis is a teaching aid analysis in the school subject civics in junior high school. The purpose is to examine which discourse emerges when Samis being presented in these textbooks and also to examine why this discourse emerges. The questions that have been answered is Which discourse emerge in the description of the Sami in civics textbooks for Junior high school? and How does this discourse appear in civics textbooks for Junior high school? The theory that has been used in the emerge is the social constructivistic and the methods being used to answer the questions is critical discourse analysis with a complementary picture analysis. The result shows that in the description of the Sami in textbooks a discourse where the Samis othering and being named as them in contrast to us, the majority society, appears. This depends on that it is very difficult to act outside of the prevailing discourse.
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