M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / The ability to consume oxygen during exercise relies on the functionality of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the working muscles and therefore generate ATP or energy (Astrand et al., 2003). Performance enhancement drugs are becoming increasingly popular as athletes are under extreme pressure to enhance their performance (Shermer, 2008). The purpose of this study was to look for a safe alternative to increase oxygen consumption during exercise. The aim included determining whether the homeopathic remedy Arsenicum album 200CH had an effect on oxygen consumption during submaximal cycling. The study consisted of 32 healthy participants who were randomly divided into a control (placebo) or experimental (treatment) group. Two baseline tests were performed where no medication (remedy or placebo) was given two days apart and the average of the two were taken as the baseline average. After a further two days, the first medication test was conducted after participants were given the treatment 5 minutes prior to testing to ascertain the immediate effect of the medication. The last test was performed after one week of administering where the medication was given twice daily to distinguish what the prolonged effect of the medication was on oxygen consumption. The test consisted of a warm-up at 25-Watts for women and 50-Watts for men, the test included cycling at 3 minute increments where the wattage was increased every 3 minutes by 25-Watts until the participants reached their age-predicted maximum. When this maximum was reached, the wattage was decreased to the warm-up wattage and a cool-down commenced. Heart rate was recorded every minute and documented. The participant was also asked to rate their perceived rate of exertion at the end of every 3minute stage, as a subjective measurement. Although the time periods of administration yielded different results, both were statistically insignificant. The immediate administration showed a negative trend whereas the prolonged administration showed a positive trend in the treatment group after one week. Despite not showing statistical significance, it warrants additional research over a longer period of time.

Prof. D. Mycock Dr. E. Solomon

Commercial recordings - CDs, LPs - are familiar objects. However, discussion about them has often attempted to conceal the fact that, as communicating objects, recordings pose special problems due to the fact that they unite text, image, and sound in a material commodity. This thesis examines the role of the visual in the production, circulation and use of recordings. The album cover is the primary category of study, with an emphasis on its functioning in relation to the recording as a sonic and material commodity. The label ECM, a German company which has been producing recordings since 1969, provides the main focus in this analysis. The basis of this investigation lies in the questioning of the assumptions and categories that have historically guided the activity of cover design and the discourse about it. Traditionally, recordings have been understandably seen primarily as sound-carriers; their visual aspects, even when celebrated, are most often relegated to a peripheral status, despite the fact that in certain contexts the importance of the visual can overwhelm that of sound. The usual hierarchical opposition between these elements is here questioned through an examination of both the marketing of recordings and their circulation and use. ECM provides a pertinent case through which such questions can be elaborated. Its visual marketing strategies can be characterised in terms of a desire for difference. ECM's attempt to set itself apart has resulted in a "look" which rejects many conventions. It has also resulted in a complex, conceptual group of visual strategies. In its particular use of landscape photography, blank space, and gestural markings, ECM constructs ideas of space which relate to the potential for performativity and creativity. Through the combination of these strategies, the label deemphasises creative personality of the musical performer and emphasises the space occupied by the looker/listener. In doing this, it also questions the traditional boundaries between music and the visual. ECM's covers cause these categories to become indistinct and allow new conceptions of the recording as a material commodity to emerge. One effect of this is a construction of the apprehender's subjectivity that fails to fit within the marketplace's traditional categories. The thesis considers how the visual has been implicated in more concrete processes such as the negotiation of taste and practices of consumption and use. The niche that ECM attempts to carve out for itself is considered in relation to the tension in the marketplace between the desire for distinction and the recording as a massproduced commodity. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

abstract: Patterns and Soundscapes explores the concept album format, popularized in the late 1960s and into modern times by artists such as the Who, Pink Floyd, and Frank Zappa. Specifically, I sought to adapt this format as a compositional process aimed towards the completion of a large-scale work that can be presented in album format and live performance. Further influenced by the concept album, I sought to create pieces consisting of similar musical techniques, motivic ideas, and harmonic language, so that each piece could be performed on its own or be combined as a multi-movement work. I began writing this work in the spring of 2019, with “Colored Red Currents” for string quartet and “Conspiracy Wall” for two drum sets. After realizing that both pieces had a similar sound and style, I began to consider how they could function within an album format, and how they could also work together to form a large-scale musical work. I then decided that each subsequent piece, in addition to being composed of similar musical ideas, would be written in a manner that allowed for seamless transitions between the end of one and the beginning of another, and would also introduce the instrumentation making up the full ensemble in the last movement. This work begins with the sparkling and rapid string quartet, “Colored Red Currents,” then moves to the energetic and groove based “Conspiracy Wall” for two drum sets, the meditative “Interlude” for solo viola and electronics, and the quick and mechanical “Beat Frequency” for alto saxophone, bass clarinet, and electronics. The work ends with “ALL IN,” where the full ensemble is finally formed, and all of the patterns and soundscapes come together to form a bombastic and wild finale. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Composition 2020

Målet med det här arbetet har varit att utvecklas som låtskrivare och även utveckla mitt eget sound. Detta har jag gjort genom att välja ett album som jag med en analysmetod analyserat för att sedan applicera kunskapen jag fått på mina egna kompositioner. Analysen resulterade i att jag fick kunskap om albumets grund, men även små detaljer som jag sedan hade att utgå ifrån i min låtskrivnings- och inspelningsprocess. Samtliga låtar spelades in och slutligen reflekterade jag över hur pass bra metoden jag använde av mig var, vad jag känner att jag tar med mig till framtiden samt andra lärdomar som detta arbete medförde. Mina förhoppningar med det här arbetet är att hjälpa till att skapa ett sätt att få inspiration inom låtskrivning och eget sound. Detta leder förhoppningsvis i sin tur till att man får med sig verktyg till framtiden som kan hjälpa ifall man känner att man fastnat inom sitt konstnärliga skapande. Arbetets analysmetod kan förhoppningsvis användas till att analysera musik från olika genrer för att få en djupare förståelse om musikens innehåll.

Den här studien behandlar musikstreamingtjänsters påverkan på svenska musiklyssningsvanor och formatet av musikutgivning. Syftet är att undersöka hur digitala streamingplattformar påverkat lyssningsvanor och formaten för musikutgivning i Sverige. I studien undersöks tre olika skivbolag utifrån en kvalitativ undersökning om deras synpunkter på musikutgivning i form av musikformat, digitalisering och musikbranschensframtid. Studien behandlar även 295 musiklyssnare i en kvantitativ undersökningen som redogör deras lyssningsvanor i användning av musikstreamingtjänster, val av musikformat och förväntningar vid musiklyssning.   Det resultatet som förekom var att albumformatet inte är ett utdöende format, utan erbjuder fler alternativ för musiklyssnaren samt en personlig upplevelse mellan musiklyssnare och artist. Skivbolag har sedan musikstreamingtjänstens uppkomst behövt anpassa utgivningen av album till streamingkulturen, där tempot är högre. Albumet som format har minskat sedan uppkomsten av musikstreamingtjänster med undantag för lyssnarens favoritartister/band samt genrespecifika målgrupper. Spellistan har tagit en större plats i följd av uppkomsten av musikstreamingtjänster, där musikstreamingtjänstplattformerna har utformat musiktillgängligheten samt personaliseringen av musik anpassat efter svenska musikkonsumenter. Streamingkulturen har även förändrat maktpositionen hos skivbolagen då uppkomsten av skivbolag har ökat, har dom mindre bolagen förlorat sin maktposition medan majorbolagen försvarat sina marknadsandelar som dom innehar hos musikstreamingtjänster. På grund av sitt ägarskap har dem makten att avgöra musikutbudet genom spellistor och rekommendationssystem och kan därmed kontrollera konsumenternas lyssningsvanor.

Syftet för detta arbete är att identifiera, definiera och implementera komponenter som bidrar till min personliga uppfattning om enhetlighet inom formatet musikalbum. Jag har genom en analys av fem befintliga verk samt en intervju med en yrkesverksam låtskivare och producent utforskat vilka beståndsdelar jag själv betraktar som avgörande för min upplevelse av ett album som ett enhetligt verk, snarare än enbart en samling låtar. De komponenter som identifierats genom arbetet är; instrumentation, dynamik, övergångar, återkommande ljudval/samplingar, sångmix, andrum och dramaturgi. Dessa komponenter har parallellt med mina upptäckter implementerats i produktionen av de elva låtar som utgör mitt egna album Bright Side. Därefter har det musikaliska materialet prövats i en enkätundersökning där de medverkade bekräftat och adderat till de ovan nämnda komponenterna samt gett sitt utlåtande kring mitt albums enhetlighet. Analysen och intervjuns inverkan på musiken styrks av respondenternas svar som pekar på att implementeringen resulterat i utformandet av, ett i hög grad enhetligt album.

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Ce travail porte sur l'inhibition de l'acier C38 en milieu acide HC1 1M par les extraits alcaloïdes issus de 2 plantes : aspidosperma album et geissospermum laeve. Biodégradables et respectueux de l'environnement, les alcaloïdes pourraient être utilisés temporairement pour prévenir la corrosion de l'acier C39 avec des taux d'inhibition supérieurs à ceux décrits dans la littérature. Dans la première partie du travail, l'influence de la concentration, du temps d'immersion et de la température sur le processus de corrosion de l'acier C38 en milieu HC1 1M en absence de polarisation et spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Les analyses de surface effectuées par microscopie électronique a balayage montrent la présence d'une couche constituée d'un mélange d'oxyde de fer incorporant les alcaloïdes et qui conduit à la diminution de la vitesse de corrosion. La deuxième partie de ce travail a été consacrée à l'isolement des alcaloïdes des deux extraits afin de déterminer le ou les alcaloïdes responsables de l'activité inhibitrice et ainsi remonter aux mécanismes d’adsorption. Il a été montré que l'alcaloïde majoritaire des extraits est responsable de l'inhibition / This work is devoted to the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in 1M HCL acid medium by alkaloids extracts from two plants : aspidosperma album and geissospermum laeve. Biodegradable and environmentally friendly, alkaloids could be used temporarily to prevent the corrosion of C38 steel with inhibition rates higher than those described in the literature. The first part of this work studies the influence of concentration, immersion time and temperature on the corrosion inhibitor by electrochemical measurements : polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface analyses conducted by scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of a layer composed of an iron oxide mixture incorporating alkaloids extracts and which leads to the decrease of the corrosion rate. The second part of this work was devoted to the isolation of alkaloids of two extracts in order to determine the alkaloids responsible of the inhibitory activity and thus to determine the adsorption mechanisms. It was showed that the major alkaloids of two extracts is responsible of the inhibition activity