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Analysis of RED ONE Digital Cinema Camera and RED WorkflowForoughi Mobarakeh, Taraneh January 2009 (has links)
RED Digital Cinema is a rather new company that has developed a camera that has shaken the world of the film industry, the RED One camera. RED One is a digital cinema camera with the characteristics of a 35mm film camera. With a custom made 12 megapixel CMOS sensor it offers images with a filmic look that cannot be achieved with many other digital cinema cameras. With a new camera comes a new set of media files to work with, which brings new software applications supporting them. RED Digital Cinema has developed several applications of their own, but there are also a few other software supporting RED. However, as of today the way of working with the RED media files together with these software applications are yet in progress. During the short amount of time that RED One has existed, many questions has risen about what workflow is the best to use. This thesis presents a theoretical background of the RED camera and some software applications supporting RED media files. The main objective is to analyze RED material as well as existing workflows and find the optimal option.
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Responsabilité sociale et risque financier de l'entreprise / Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial RiskSandwidi, Blaise 01 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse examine les relations, et particulièrement les interactions, entre la responsabilité sociale des entreprises et leur risque financier. Elle propose un schéma conceptuel de ces relations et 4 études empiriques. La première examine les relations entre la performance sociétale, mesurée par les scores Vigeo, et le risque financier de 544 entreprises de l'indice Stoxx Europe 600, de 2004-2011. Elle montre que les entreprises les plus performantes du point de vue sociétal ont un risque spécifique et total faible, et une volatilité du taux de rentabilité (Roa) moindre, notamment pour les ressources humaines. La relation est positive et fortement significative si l'on considère le bêta du titre et la dispersion des prévisions des analystes. La deuxième étude porte sur la réaction des marchés financiers européens à l'émission d'alertes sociétales. Elle analyse l'apport informationnel de ces alertes par rapport à l'annonce publique des évènements qui les ont déclenchées. L'analyse de 480 alertes émises par Vigeo de 2004 à 2011 montre que les investisseurs réagissent positivement à la première alerte pour une entreprise donnée. L'alerte réduit l'asymétrie d'information entre managers et investisseurs ; en limitant le risque d'estimation des investisseurs, elle diminue leur incertitude. Les alertes relatives à l'environnement constituent un cas particulier, dans la mesure où elles ont un impact négatif sur les cours. La troisième étude teste et valide la théorie du management du risque : en cas d'occurrence d'un risque RSE (référencé par Vigeo) les entreprises les plus performantes du point de vue sociétal enregistrent des rentabilités anormales moins importantes et leur volume anormal est plus faible. La quatrième étude examine l'interaction entre risque financier et engagement RSE. Elle dépasse l'échelle européenne en considérant 23 194 observations d'Asset4 au sujet de 3 787 entreprises dans 67 pays. Elle montre que de bonnes performances ESG réduisent significativement le risque financier, spécifique et total, ainsi que la volatilité du Roa, et que les performances ESG sont positivement associées au risque si l'on considère le bêta du titre et la dispersion des prévisions des analystes. Elle met en évidence un cercle vertueux entre performance ESG et risque financier. Les pratiques sociales et de gouvernance réduisent le plus fortement ce risque. Un faible risque financier incite l'entreprise à investir en priorité dans des mesures environnementales et de gouvernance, puis dans le social.Mots clés: Risque financier de l'entreprise, responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE), Risque RSE, performance sociétale, interaction. / This dissertation examines the relations between Corporate Social Responsibility and financial risk, with a particular focus on their interactions. It proposes a conceptual scheme of these relations and 4 empirical studies. The first study examines the relation between the corporate social performance, measured by Vigeo scores, and the financial risk of 554 companies pertaining to the Stoxx Europe 600 Index, from 2004-2011. It shows that companies with higher corporate responsibility have lower specific and total risks, and lower volatility of return on assets (Roa), particularly in human resources. The relation is positive and strong when we consider the investments' beta and the analysts' forecasts dispersion. The second study examines the reaction of the European stock market to CSR alerts. It examines the alerts' informational contribution compared to the public announce¬ments of the triggering events. Based on a sample of 480 alerts released by Vigeo over the period 2004-2011, we find a positive stock market reaction to the first alert for the affected company. The alert reduces the information asymmetry between managers and investors. It limits the investors' estimation risk and thus their uncertainty. Environmental alerts are a specific case, as they affect negatively the stock prices. The third study tests and confirms the risk management theory: when a CSR risk occurs (referenced by Vigeo), higher CSR performers have lower abnormal returns and lower abnormal trading volumes. The fourth study examines the interaction between financial risk and CSR commitment. It goes beyond Europe by considering 23,194 Asset4 scores related to 3,787 companies in 67 countries. It shows that prior aggregate ESG scores are associated with reduced subsequent specific and total risks and Roa volatility, thus confirming that high ESG performers have lower financial risk. CSR performances are positively associated with the risk if we consider the investments' beta and the analysts' forecasts dispersion. The study evidences a virtuous cycle between financial risk and ESG performance. Social and governance performances contribute more significantly to reduce this risk. Prior low financial risks incite firms to invest in CSR, first in environmental and governance, then in social policies or activities.Keywords: Financial risk, corporate social responsibility, corporate social performance, corporate social responsibility risk, interaction.
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Factores determinantes de las Medidas No Arancelarias aplicadas al comercio agroalimentarioTudela Marco, Lorena 19 November 2015 (has links)
[EN] The Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) include a wide range of issues; those that cover food safety, animal health and plant protection, are known as Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS). SPS are a key element in the agrifood trade and a major challenge for trade policy and food safety. The application of the SPS is a dynamic and complex process due to the diversity of actors involved and the heterogeneity of objectives pursued: political, social, economic and environmental. In this global scenario, with increasingly complex regulations and organizations that affect the rules of agricultural trade, it is necessary to know more about its operation.
This research aims to improve the understanding of the implementation of SPS in the agrifood trade. It challenges the assumption that the application of MNA is directly or exclusively linked to technical issues or others related to food safety, aiming to investigate other drivers that influence its application. An analysis of the implementation of SPS is carried out through two research questions: Q1) whether the implementation of NTMs is related to the elimination of trade tariffs, ultimately, the existence of policy substitution between NTMs and tariff; Q2) the application of NTMs is motivated by a systematic behaviour, guided by economic considerations and policies beyond the application of specific food notifications and health problems. The Q1 is studied in the countries of the South and East Mediterranean (SEMC) while Q2 is studied at the European Union (EU).
The methodology used to address the first hypothesis, the policy substitution, begins with an analysis of the state of the art, continues with the classification into categories based on the use of NTMs and tariffs, and finally applies multiple regression models to test the hypothesis. To compare tariffs and NTMs, the research works with the Ad Valorem Equivalents (AVEs) established by Kee et al. (2009) and supported by an extensive literature. To address the second hypothesis, the source of information used is the RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) database. The methodology applied begins with the construction of a tool able to transform the descriptive information from the RASFF into the numerical coding of the Harmonized System (HS) of trade, to subsequently apply the Negative Binomial model (NB) and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model (ZINB), thus identifying the determinants of the notifications process included in the RASFF from several Member States (MS) studied. The thesis presents the four articles written throughout the investigation.
The results indicate that: (i) there is need for pursuing a new approach in agrifood trade policies, beyond the economic sphere, to strengthen the partnership between the EU and other countries, particularly the SEMC, and among the countries belonging to the latter ; (ii) the SEMC are at very different stages of harmonization of trade policies, but in regards to agrifood trade SEMC countries generally show low level of tariff protection, although levels of implementation of NTMs are variable and substitution policy is recognized in some specific sectors; (iii) the EU MS studied show homogeneous implementation of food notifications regardless of the country of origin. At product level, a correlation has been found between the notifications applied one year and the expected number of notifications in the following years (path dependence and reputation effect); (iv) however, there is a tendency among the EU MS studied to adopt common behaviours in implementing food safety measures. / [ES] Las Medidas No Arancelarias (MNA) incluyen una amplia gama de políticas que los países aplican a las importaciones y exportaciones, aquellas que abarcan la inocuidad de los alimentos, la sanidad animal y la protección fitosanitaria, son conocidas como Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias (MSF). Se trata de un elemento clave en el comercio agroalimentario y un importante desafío para la normativa alimentaria y las políticas de comercio. La aplicación de las MSF es un proceso dinámico y complejo por la diversidad de actores que intervienen así como por la heterogeneidad de motivos que persiguen: políticos, sociales, económicos y ambientales. En este escenario global, con cada vez más organizaciones y normativas complejas que influyen en las reglas del comercio agroalimentario es necesario conocer más de cerca su funcionamiento.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión del funcionamiento de las MSF en el comercio agroalimentario. La investigación cuestiona que la aplicación de MSF esté directa o exclusivamente ligada a cuestiones técnicas o relacionadas con la inocuidad de los alimentos, por lo que busca estudiar otras motivaciones que influyan en su aplicación. Se ha planteado un análisis a través de dos preguntas de investigación: P1) si la profusión de MNA está relacionada con la eliminación de los aranceles para el comercio, en definitiva, la existencia de sustitución de políticas entre MNA y aranceles; P2) si la aplicación de MNA está motivada por una conducta sistemática, guiada por consideraciones económicas y políticas más allá de la aplicación de notificaciones alimentarias específicas y problemas de sanidad y salud. La P1 será estudiada en los Países Sur-Este Mediterráneos (PSEM) mientras que la P2 se analizara en países de la Unión Europea (UE).
La metodología empleada para abordar la P1, sustitución de políticas, se inicia con un análisis del estado del arte, prosigue con la clasificación de los paises en función del uso de MNA y aranceles y la aplicación de modelos de regresión múltiple para contrastar la hipótesis. Para poder comparar los aranceles y las MNA, se ha trabajado con los Equivalentes Ad Valorem (EAV) establecidos por Kee et al. (2009) y el respaldo de una amplia literatura. En la P2 la fuente de información utilizada ha sido la base de datos RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). La metodología seguida comenzó con la construcción de una herramienta capaz de transformar la información descriptiva obtenida del RASFF en la codificación numérica del Sistema Armonizado (SA) de comercio, para posteriormente aplicar el modelo Binomial Negativo (NB) y el modelo Binomial Negativo Inflado con Zeros (ZINB) y así identificar los factores determinantes de las notificaciones incluidas en el RASFF por parte de varios países miembros. La tesis recoge cuatro artículos elaborados a lo largo de la investigación.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que: (i) Es necesario apostar por un nuevo planteamiento de las políticas de comercio agroalimentario, más allá del ámbito económico, para reforzar la asociación entre la UE y otros países, en particular los PSEM, y entre estos últimos entre sí; (ii) Los PSEM se encuentran en etapas muy diferentes de armonización de políticas comerciales, pero en general en el comercio agroalimentario muestran un nivel de protección bajo, aunque los niveles de aplicación de MNA son variables y se reconoce sustitución de políticas en algunos sectores específicos; (iii) Se ha encontrado una relación a nivel producto entre las notificaciones registradas un año y el número de notificaciones registradas el año siguiente (efecto reputación); (iv) Existe una tendencia entre los Estados Miembros (EM) estudiados de la UE en la adopción de comportamientos comunes en la aplicación de normas alimentarias en su comercio con países terceros, como caso particular de la aplicación de MSF. / [CAT] Les Mesures No Aranzelàries (MNA) inclouen una àmplia gamma de temes, aquelles que abasten la innocuïtat dels aliments, la sanitat animal i la protecció fitosanitària, són conegudes com a Mesures Sanitàries i Fitosanitàries (MSF). Es tracta d'un element clau en el comerç agroalimentari i un important repte per a les polítiques de comerç i la normativa alimentària. L'aplicació de les MSF és un procés dinàmic i complex per la diversitat d'actors que intervenen, així com per l'heterogeneïtat de motius que persegueixen: polítics, socials, econòmics i ambientals. En aquest escenari global, amb cada vegada més organitzacions i normatives complexes que influeixen en les regles del comerç agroalimentari és necessari conèixer de més a prop el seu funcionament.
La present investigació té com a objectiu millorar la comprensió del funcionament de les MSF en el comerç agroalimentari. La investigació qüestiona que l'aplicació de MSF estiga directa o exclusivament lligada a qüestions tècniques o relacionades amb la innocuïtat dels aliments, per la qual cosa busca estudiar altres motivacions que influeixen en la seua aplicació. S'ha plantejat una anàlisi a través de dues preguntes de recerca: P1) Si la profusió de MNA està relacionada amb l'eliminació dels aranzels per al comerç, en definitiva, l'existència de substitució de polítiques entre MNA i aranzels; P2) Si l'aplicació de MNA està motivada per una conducta sistemàtica, guiada per consideracions econòmiques i polítiques més enllà de la aplicació de notificacions alimentàries específiques i problemes de sanitat i salut. La P1 serà estudiada als Països Sud-Est de la Mediterrània (PSEM) mentre que la P2 s'analitzés en països de la Unió Europea (UE).
La metodologia emprada per abordar la P1, la substitució de polítiques, s'inicia amb una anàlisi de l'estat de l'art, prossegueix amb la classificació per categories en funció de l'ús de MNA i aranzels i l'aplicació de models de regressió múltiple per contrastar la hipòtesi. Per a poder comparar els aranzels i les MNA, s'ha treballat amb els Equivalents Ad Valorem (EAV) establerts per Kee et al. (2009) i amb el suport d'una àmplia literatura. A la P2 la font d'informació utilitzada ha estat la base de dades RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). La metodologia seguida va començar amb la construcció d'una eina que transforma la informació descriptiva obtinguda del RASFF en la codificació numèrica del Sistema Harmonitzat (SA) de comerç, per a posteriorment aplicar el model Binomial Negatiu (NB) i el model Binomial Negatiu Inflat amb Zeros (ZINB) i així identificar els factors determinants de les notificacions incloses en el RASFF per part de diversos països membres. La tesi recull quatre articles elaborats al llarg de la investigació.
Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que: (i) Cal apostar per un nou plantejament de les polítiques de comerç agroalimentari, més enllà de l'àmbit econòmic, per reforçar l'associació entre la UE i altres països, en particular els PSEM, i d'aquests últims entre sí; (ii) Els PSEM es troben en etapes molt diferents d'harmonització de polítiques comercials, però en general en el comerç agroalimentari mostren un nivell de protecció aranzelària baixa, tot i que els nivells d'aplicació de MNA són variables i es reconeix substitució de polítiques en alguns sectors específics; (iii) S'ha trobat relació, a nivell producte, entre les notificacions d'un any respecte el nombre de notificacions esperades a l'any següent (efecte reputació); (iv) Hi ha una tendència entre els Estats Membres (EM) estudiats de la UE en l'adopció de comportaments comuns en l'aplicació de normes alimentàries en el seu comerç amb països tercers, com a cas particular de l'aplicació de MSF. / Tudela Marco, L. (2015). Factores determinantes de las Medidas No Arancelarias aplicadas al comercio agroalimentario [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/57708 / TESIS
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Numerical analyses of concrete buttress dams to design dam monitoring / Numeriska analyser av betonglamelldammar för att dimensionera dammövervakningSvensen, Daniel January 2016 (has links)
Old concrete buttress dams are sensitive to cracking if exposed to large temperature variations. The cracks can make dams sensitive to failure, depending on the size and location of the cracks. These problems can be overcome by lowering the temperature variations and stabilizing the dams. Insulation walls can be built to lower the temperature variations, and the area inside the insulation wall can be climate controlled to ensure a constant temperature. Stabilizing measures could be installing tendons, anchoring monoliths to the foundation or to keep parts of the monolith together. However, the best way to make sure the dam is functioning as expected is to monitor the behavior of the dam through different sensors. The sensors should be connected to some kind of dam monitoring software, which can indicate whether the dam is going to fail in a near future. For this to work, some kind of alert and alarm values has to be determined. The main purpose for this project is to develop a finite element model that could be used to simulate the real behavior of a concrete buttress dam and predict the future behavior of the dam. This makes it possible to determine alert and alarm values for monitoring equipment installed on the dam. Some steps are necessary to be able to create a finite element model representing the real behavior and to predict the future behavior of a dam. A first step is calibration of the model against real measurements, and during the calibration process it is important to evaluate the predictions made. A second step is to determine the normal variation in the behavior of the dam. A last step is to define suitable alert and alarm values, where the alert values are based on the normal variation of the dam and the alarm values are based on failure analyses. The results show that it is possible to calibrate a finite element model with sufficient accuracy in order for it to be used for predictions of the dams behavior. The results show two failure modes of the concrete buttress dam which deviate from previous research, where post-tensioned tendons were not included. From the results, information is given about where to place sensors to be able to capture a failure, how well the finite element model is calibrated, and what the alarm values should be. Furthermore, the results show that the evaluation of predictions made in the calibration process is of utmost importance to achieve a model representing the real behavior. / Gamla betonglamelldammar är känsliga för sprickbildning om de utsätts för stora temperaturvariationer. Sprickor kan göra dammarna känsliga för brott, beroende på storlek och placering av sprickorna. Dessa problem kan övervinnas genom att sänka temperaturvariationerna och stabilisera dammarna. Isoleringsväggar kan byggas för att sänka temperaturvariationerna, och området innanför isoleringsväggen kan klimatkontrolleras för att säkerställa en konstant temperatur. Stabiliserande åtgärder skulle kunna vara att installera spännkablar, förankring av monoliten till berggrunden eller att hålla ihop delar av monoliten. Emellertid är det bästa sättet att se till dammen fungerar som förväntat för att övervaka beteendet hos dammen genom olika sensorer. Givarna borde anslutas till någon form av programvara för dammövervakning, som kan indikera om dammen kommer att gå till brott inom en snar framtid. För att detta ska fungera måste någon form av mjuka och hårda larmvärden bestämmas. Huvudsyftet för detta projekt är att skapa en finit elementmodell som kan användas för att simulera det verkliga beteendet hos en betonglamelldamm och förutsäga framtida beteende av dammen för att kunna bestämma mjuka och hårda larmvärden för vald övervakningutrustning på dammen. Några steg är nödvändiga för att kunna skapa en finit elementmodell som representerar det verkliga beteendet och göra det möjligt att förutsäga det framtida beteendet av en damm. Ett första steg är kalibrering av modellen mot riktiga mätningar och under kalibreringsprocessen är det viktigt att utvärdera predikterade värden. Ett andra steg är att bestämma den normala variationen av dammens beteende. Ett sista steg är att definiera lämpliga värden för mjuka och hårda larmvärden, där de mjuka värdena baseras på dammens normala variation och de hårda larmvärdena på brottsanalyser. Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att kalibrera en finit elementmodell med tillräckligt god noggrannhet att den kan användas för prediktering av dammens beteende. Resultaten visar två brottmoder av betonglamelldammen som skiljer sig från tidigare studier där spännkablar inte hade inkluderats. Från resultaten ges information om var sensorer ska placeras för att kunna fånga ett brott, hur väl finita elementmodellen kalibrerats, och vilka de mjuka och hårda larmvärdena bör vara. Dessutom visar resultaten att utvärderingen av predikteringar som gjorts i kalibreringsprocessen är av yttersta vikt för att uppnå en modell som representerar det verkliga beteendet.
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Alert correlation towards an efficient response decision support / Corrélation d’alertes : un outil plus efficace d’aide à la décision pour répondre aux intrusionsBen Mustapha, Yosra 30 April 2015 (has links)
Les SIEMs (systèmes pour la Sécurité de l’Information et la Gestion des Événements) sont les cœurs des centres opérationnels de la sécurité. Ils corrèlent un nombre important d’événements en provenance de différents capteurs (anti-virus, pare-feux, systèmes de détection d’intrusion, etc), et offrent des vues synthétiques pour la gestion des menaces ainsi que des rapports de sécurité. La gestion et l’analyse de ce grand nombre d’alertes est une tâche difficile pour l’administrateur de sécurité. La corrélation d’alertes a été conçue afin de remédier à ce problème. Des solutions de corrélation ont été développées pour obtenir une vue plus concise des alertes générées et une meilleure description de l’attaque détectée. Elles permettent de réduire considérablement le volume des alertes remontées afin de soutenir l’administrateur dans le traitement de ce grand nombre d’alertes. Malheureusement, ces techniques ne prennent pas en compte les connaissances sur le comportement de l’attaquant, les fonctionnalités de l’application et le périmètre de défense du réseau supervisé (pare-feu, serveurs mandataires, Systèmes de détection d’intrusions, etc). Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux nouvelles approches de corrélation d’alertes. La première approche que nous appelons corrélation d’alertes basée sur les pots de miel utilise des connaissances sur les attaquants recueillies par le biais des pots de miel. La deuxième approche de corrélation est basée sur une modélisation des points d’application de politique de sécurité / Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems provide the security analysts with a huge amount of alerts. Managing and analyzing such tremendous number of alerts is a challenging task for the security administrator. Alert correlation has been designed in order to alleviate this problem. Current alert correlation techniques provide the security administrator with a better description of the detected attack and a more concise view of the generated alerts. That way, it usually reduces the volume of alerts in order to support the administrator in tackling the amount of generated alerts. Unfortunately, none of these techniques consider neither the knowledge about the attacker’s behavior nor the enforcement functionalities and the defense perimeter of the protected network (Firewalls, Proxies, Intrusion Detection Systems, etc). It is still challenging to first improve the knowledge about the attacker and second to identify the policy enforcement mechanisms that are capable to process generated alerts. Several authors have proposed different alert correlation methods and techniques. Although these approaches support the administrator in processing the huge number of generated alerts, they remain limited since these solutions do not provide us with more information about the attackers’ behavior and the defender’s capability in reacting to detected attacks. In this dissertation, we propose two novel alert correlation approaches. The first approach, which we call honeypot-based alert correlation, is based on the use of knowledge about attackers collected through honeypots. The second approach, which we call enforcement-based alert correlation, is based on a policy enforcement and defender capabilities’ model
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Evaluating the E-consult Process for Diabetes Care Delivery at an Outpatient Care ClinicZoll, Brian M. 24 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Finding George Bailey: Wonderful leaders, wonderful livesLight, Mark 18 December 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Optimizing Care for Oncologic and Hematologic Patients with Febrile NeutropeniaGraham, Emily Nicole 08 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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[en] AN ARCHITECTURE FOR E-HEALTH SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORTS PATIENT MONITORING AND CAREGIVERS NOTIFICATION BASED ON A REASONING MODEL TO AVOID ALARM FATIGUE / [pt] UMA ARQUITETURA PARA SISTEMAS DE SAÚDE ELETRÔNICOS QUE SUPORTA O MONITORAMENTO DE PACIENTES E A NOTIFICAÇÃO DE CUIDADORES COM BASE EM RACIOCÍNIO AUTOMÁTICO PARA EVITAR A FADIGA DE ALARMECHRYSTINNE OLIVEIRA FERNANDES 11 May 2020 (has links)
[pt] Estimativas informam que 80 por cento a 99 por cento dos alarmes disparados em unidades hospitalares são falsos ou clinicamente insignificantes, representando uma cacofonia de sons que não apresenta perigo real aos pacientes. Estes falsos alertas podem culminar em uma sobrecarga de alertas que leva um profissional da saúde a perder eventos importantes que podem ser prejudiciais aos pacientes ou até mesmo fatais. À medida que as unidades de saúde se tornam mais dependentes de dispositivos de monitoramento que acionam alarmes, o problema da fadiga de alarme deve ser tratado como uma das principais questões, a fim de prevenir a sobrecarga de alarme para os profissionais da saúde e aumentar a segurança do paciente. O principal objetivo desta tese é propor uma solução para o problema de fadiga de alarme usando um mecanismo de raciocínio automático para decidir como notificar os membros da equipe de saúde. Nossos objetivos específicos são: reduzir o número de notificações enviadas à equipe de cuidadores; detectar alarmes falsos com base em informações de contexto do alarme; decidir o melhor cuidador a quem uma notificação deve ser atribuída. Esta tese descreve: um modelo para suportar algoritmos de raciocínio que decidem como notificar os profissionais de saúde para evitar a fadiga de alarme; uma arquitetura para sistemas de saúde que suporta recursos de monitoramento, raciocínio e notificação de pacientes; e três algoritmos de raciocínio que decidem: (i) como notificar os profissionais de saúde decidindo quando agrupar um conjunto de alarmes; (ii) se deve ou não notificar os profissionais de saúde com uma indicação de probabilidade de falso alarme; (iii) quem é o melhor cuidador a ser notificado considerando um grupo de cuidadores. Experimentos foram realizados para demonstrar que, ao fornecer um sistema de raciocínio que agrupa alarmes semelhantes e recorrentes, pode-se reduzir o total de notificações recebidas pelos cuidadores em até 99.3 por cento do total de alarmes gerados, sem perda de informação útil. Esses experimentos foram avaliados através do uso de um conjunto de dados reais de monitoramento de sinais vitais de pacientes registrados durante 32 casos cirúrgicos nos quais os pacientes foram submetidos à anestesia, no hospital Royal Adelaide. Apresentamos os resultados desse algoritmo através de gráficos gerados na linguagem R, onde mostramos se o algoritmo decidiu emitir um alarme imediatamente ou após um determinado delay. Para a tarefa de atribuição de notificações realizada pelo nosso algoritmo de raciocínio que decide sobre qual cuidador notificar, também alcançamos nossos resultados esperados, uma vez que o algoritmo priorizou o cuidador que estava disponível no momento do alarme, além de ser o mais experiente e capaz de atender à notificação. Os resultados experimentais sugerem fortemente que nossos algoritmos de raciocínio são uma estratégia útil para evitar a fadiga de alarme. Embora tenhamos avaliado nossos algoritmos em um ambiente experimental, tentamos reproduzir o contexto de um ambiente clínico utilizando dados reais de pacientes. Como trabalho futuro, visamos avaliar os resultados de nossos algoritmos utilizando condições clínicas mais realistas, aumentando, por exemplo, o número de pacientes, os parâmetros de monitoramento e os tipos de alarme. / [en] Estimates show that 80 per cent to 99 per cent of alarms set off in hospital units are false or clinically insignificant, representing a cacophony of sounds that do not present a real danger to patients. These false alarms can lead to an alert overload that causes a health care provider to miss important events that could be harmful or even life-threatening. As health care units become more dependent on monitoring devices for patient care purposes, the alarm fatigue issue has to be addressed as a major concern in order to prevent healthcare providers from undergoing alarm burden, as well as to increase patient safety. The main goal of this thesis is to propose a solution for the alarm fatigue problem by using an automatic reasoning mechanism to decide how to notify members of the health care team. Our specific goals are: to reduce the number of notifications sent to caregivers; to detect false alarms based on alarm-context information; to decide the best caregiver to whom a notification should be assigned. This thesis describes: a model to support reasoning algorithms that decide how to notify caregivers in order to avoid alarm fatigue; an architecture for health systems that supports patient monitoring, reasoning and notification capabilities; and three reasoning algorithms that decide: (i) how to notify caregivers by deciding whether to aggregate a group of alarms; (ii) whether, or not, to notify caregivers with an indication of a false alarm probability; (iii) who is the best caregiver to notify considering a group of caregivers. Experiments were used to demonstrate that by providing a reasoning system that aggregates alarms we can reduce the total of notifications received by the caregivers by up to 99.3 per cent of the total alarms generated. These experiments were evaluated through the use of a dataset comprising real patient monitoring data and vital signs recorded during 32 surgical cases where patients underwent anesthesia at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. We present the results of this algorithm by using graphs generated with the R language, which show whether the algorithm decided to deliver an alarm immediately or after a given delay. We also achieved the expected results for our reasoning algorithm that handles the notifications assignment task, since the algorithm prioritized the caregiver that was available and was the most experienced and capable of attending to the notification. The experimental results strongly suggest that our reasoning algorithms are a useful strategy to avoid alarm fatigue. Although we evaluated our algorithms in an experimental environment, we tried to reproduce the context of a clinical environment by using real-world patient data. As future work, we aim to evaluate our algorithms using more realistic clinical conditions by increasing, for example, the number of patients, monitoring parameters, and types of alarm.
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[en] REDUCING THREATS TO THE FORESTS OF THE STATE OF ACRE: A MONITORING PROPOSAL FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULARIZATION PROGRAM (PRA) OF THE RURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CADASTER (CAR) / [pt] REDUZINDO AS AMEAÇAS ÀS FLORESTAS DO ESTADO DO ACRE: UMA PROPOSTA DE MONITORAMENTO AO PROGRAMA DE REGULARIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL (PRA) DO CADASTRO AMBIENTAL RURAL (CAR)PEDRO IGLESIAS BESSA SEIBEL 21 May 2024 (has links)
[pt] A conservação de florestas propicia, através de seus serviços ecológicos, uma
série de benefícios ao ambiente. As melhorias no ambiente incluem a manutenção
da biodiversidade, a conservação dos recursos hídricos e a redução de carbono na
atmosfera. Apesar dos benefícios mencionados, as áreas de floresta são submetidas
à incêndios florestais, desmatamentos e outras degradações que desconsideram sua
importância para o equilíbrio geoecológico e produtivo. Com objetivo de conservar
o ambiente e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, países estão implementando
modernos sistemas de administração territorial, que visam realizar a regularização
do território, em seus diversos aspectos (fundiário, ambiental, fiscal, entre outros).
Como exemplo, cita-se o programa Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR) e o Programa
de Regularização Ambiental (PRA), sistema de administração de terras que tem o
objetivo de implementar as restrições ao uso do solo, nos imóveis rurais brasileiros.
Assim, o estudo busca analisar em que medida o PRA, do CAR, está contribuindo
para a redução dos desmatamentos, focos de queimada, alertas de degradação e
embargos ambientais federais, nos imóveis rurais brasileiros. Para desenvolver o
estudo, foi utilizado como recorte espacial o estado do Acre, no Brasil. Para tal, são
realizadas análises espaciais e estatísticas visando avaliar a tendência e cenário
futuro das variáveis supracitadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a adesão ao
PRA contribui para a redução dos desmatamentos, focos de queimada e alertas de
degradação ambiental. Nos embargos ambientais, foi identificada tendência similar
em imóveis com e sem adesão ao PRA e análise preditiva maior, em imóveis que
aderiram ao PRA. Também são realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas abordando
os impactos do PRA e do CAR nas condições ambientais e socioeconômicas dos
imóveis rurais brasileiros e desafios e oportunidades para a regularização ambiental
no Brasil. Por último, o estudo propõe um sistema de monitoramento que analisa as
contribuições do PRA do CAR na redução dos desmatamentos, focos de queimada,
alertas de degradação ambiental e embargos ambientais, nos imóveis rurais do Acre.
O sistema proposto promove a interoperabilidade dos dados espaciais do CAR, com
as bases de dados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e do Instituto
Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA). / [en] The conservation of forests provides a range of benefits to the environment
through its ecological services. Environmental improvements include the
maintenance of biodiversity, the conservation of water resources, and the reduction
of carbon in the atmosphere. Despite the mentioned benefits, forest areas are
subjected to wildfires, deforestation, and other degradations that disregard their
importance for the geoecological and productive balance. With the aim of
conserving the environment and promoting sustainable development, countries are
implementing modern land administration systems, which aim to regularize the
territory in its various aspects (tenure, environmental, fiscal, among others). As an
example, the Rural Environmental Cadaster (CAR) program and the Environmental
Regularization Program (PRA), a land administration system which aims to
implement the restrictions on land use in Brazilian rural properties, are cited. Thus,
the study seeks to analyze the extent to which the PRA, from the CAR, is
contributing to the reduction of deforestation, fire outbreaks, alerts of degradation,
and federal environmental embargoes on Brazilian rural properties. To develop the
research, the state of Acre, in Brazil, was used as a case study. For this purpose,
spatial and statistical analyses are carried out to evaluate the trend and future
scenario of the aforementioned variables. The results obtained indicate that
adherence to the PRA contributes to the reduction of deforestation, fire outbreaks,
and alerts of environmental degradation. In environmental embargoes, a similar
trend was observed in properties with and without adherence to the PRA, and a
greater predictive analysis in properties that adhered to the PRA. Semi-structured
interviews are also conducted to address the impacts of the PRA and CAR on the
environmental and socioeconomic conditions of Brazilian rural properties and the
challenges and opportunities for environmental regularization in Brazil. Lastly, the
study proposes a monitoring system that analyzes the contributions of the PRA and
CAR in reducing deforestation, fire outbreaks, environmental degradation alerts,
and environmental embargoes on rural properties in Acre. The proposed system
promotes the interoperability of the CAR s spatial data with the databases of the
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) and the Instituto Brasileiro do
Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA).
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