Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2013. / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 323978.pdf: 1172218 bytes, checksum: d6e7d9ca276973befee75d8c43e0256d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Embora haja relativa evidência dos benefícios no uso de imunomoduladores na aquicultura, atualmente existem poucos produtos comerciais sendo utilizados. Este trabalho busca avaliar o uso de substâncias naturais como fontes em potencial para a produção de imunoestimulantes. A própolis, substância produzida pela Apis mellifera, é utilizada pelas abelhas na proteção da colméia principalmente contra a proliferação de microorganismos, incluindo fungos e bactérias. Tem demonstrado efetividade frente a diversos agentes patogênicos, principalmente fungos e bactérias. Aloe barbadensis popularamente conhecida como babosa, vem sendo amplamente estudada, por apresentar em seu parênquima de reserva, diversos constituintes químicos responsáveis por suas propriedades cicatrizantes e imunoestimulantes. Neste trabalho, foram realizados quatro experimentos com a finalidade de avaliar a ação dos extratos destas substâncias, frente à estimulação do sistema imune dos peixes. Primeiramente, foi avaliada a influência da alimentação de tilápias do Nilo com dieta suplementada com própolis (0,5%, 1% e 2%), Aloe (0,5%, 1% e 2%) e a mistura (0,5%, 1% e 2%), por 15 e 21 dias, sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e infestação por ectoparasitos branquiais: Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, Cichlidogyrus halli, Cichlidogyrus thurstonae e Scutogyrus longicornis. O segundo avaliou aspectos direcionados a atividade fagocitária e atividade da lisozima plasmática nos peixes alimentados com a mistura entre os extratos de própolis e Aloe (0,5%, 1% e 2%) durante 15 dias e nestas mesmas condições experimentais, o terceiro estudo avaliou a inflamação aguda induzida na bexiga natatória e a resposta hematológica e por fim, o quinto, avaliou a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes parâmetros hematológicos e a histologia do baço de tilápias do Nilo após desafio com Aeromonas hydrophila. Este estudo fornece subsídios para a substituição do uso de antibióticos e quimioterápicos no tratamento de doenças infecciosas e/ou parasitárias, por produtos naturais na prevenção da manifestação destas enfermidades. <br>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1127_1.pdf: 1310738 bytes, checksum: 00b328f05b9311ebd934646422c35f4f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Aloe ferox Miller, pertencente à família Liliaceae, é originária da Província do Cabo Oriental na África do Sul. No Brasil, a planta é conhecida como babosa e os maiores produtores encontram-se no interior de São Paulo (particularmente no município de Jarinu), Santa Catarina e na região Nordeste. Sendo esta última, a que possui as melhores condições de plantio. Ela consiste em um arbusto perene arborescente típico de climas secos e quentes, possui folhas alongadas e pontiagudas, e é constituída em duas partes: gel e látex. A resina de Aloe ferox é um resíduo sólido obtido pela evaporação do látex que escorre do corte transversal de suas folhas. Na medicina popular, dentre outras aplicações, a resina da planta é usada no tratamento da constipação. Os efeitos da administração oral de A. ferox foram investigados sobre a fertilidade, prenhez e desenvolvimento pós-natal da prole de ratas Wistar. A aloína presente na resina foi identificada por cromatografia em camada delgada e os derivados hidroxiantracênicos expressos como aloína foram quantificados por espectrofotometria. A resina na forma de pó foi dissolvida em glicerina 40% (v/v). O estudo foi realizado em três períodos, cada um contendo cinco grupos de ratas prenhes (n=8- 9/grupo), totalizando 15 grupos randomicamente formados. Os grupos 1 e 2 (grupos controle) receberam água destilada e solução de glicerina 40% (v/v), respectivamente, enquanto os outros foram tratados oralmente com A. ferox nas doses de 0,1, 0,5 e 2,5 g/kg. No primeiro período, o tratamento foi administrado do 1º ao 6º dia (período de pré-implantação - PP) e o segundo, do 7º ao 14º dia (período de organogênese - PO). No 20º dia de prenhez, as ratas foram laparotomizadas para avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos. No último período, as ratas prenhes foram tratadas oralmente com as mesmas doses durante toda a prenhez e os parâmetros maternos e os da prole foram avaliados. A aloína (Rf 0,35) foi identificada e a porcentagem dos derivados hidroxiantracênicos expressos como aloína foi 33.5%. Durante o PP houve diminuição no ganho de massa corporal materna (p < 0,05) em todas as doses. Reduções também foram observadas em alguns parâmetros maternos (massas da placenta) e fetais (comprimento e massa relativa) nas doses de 0,5 e 2,5 g/kg quando comparado aos grupos controle. No PO, a redução no ganho de massa corporal materna foi observada apenas no tratamento com a maior dose. Entretanto, outros parâmetros como massas dos fetos, da placenta e dos ovários foram alterados em todas as doses avaliadas. Durante o período integral da gestação houve aumento apenas na massa corporal e comprimento dos conceptos no 7º e 21º dias de vida pós-natal, na maior dose. Os parâmetros comportamentais da prole não foram alterados. Dessa forma conclui-se que o uso da glicerina como solvente não interferiu nos parâmetros reprodutivos analisados no estudo. Embora alguns parâmetros tenham sido alterados pelo tratamento com A. ferox, o desenvolvimento normal da prole não foi influenciado por ele. Mas, o tratamento com a maior dose de A. ferox sugere possível toxicidade materna devido ao provável efeito abortivo obtido com essa dose, mesmo sem causar morte de ratas prenhes e malformações fetais. Nesse sentido, estudos posteriores devem ser conduzidos a fim de assegurar o uso dessa planta durante a gestação humana

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10327_Tese Doutorado_Gustavo Amorim.pdf: 3119115 bytes, checksum: 22a0653efe37fa5044f9c17c7a071cfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21 / Psoríase é uma doença inflamatória crônica, autoimune que atinge 2-3% da população mundial. Nas fases iniciais de desencadeamento da doença, estudos mostram que a proteína chemerina exerce um papel fundamental. A Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME) propõe o uso tópico com fins terapêuticos do extrato vegetal da Aloe vera barbadensis contra a psoríase por suas propriedades imunomoduladoras e anti inflamatórias. Para investigação de tais efeitos, o presente trabalho reproduziu um modelo murino In Vivo com fenótipo semelhante à psoríase via aplicação tópica do fármaco imiquimode (IMQ), tratando os animais com creme de Aloe vera à 70% e comparando-os aos controles. Adicionalmente, biopsias da pele dos animais foram testadas quanto à atividade enzimática da mieloperoxidase (MPO) como indicativo de atividade neutrofílica. O modelo In Vitro, utilizou linhagens celulares de queratinócitos imortalizados para avaliação do potencial cicatricional do extrato concentrado 200:1 em pó liofilizado (AVFDE) via Ensaio do Arranhão. Fibroblastos primários dermais humanos foram usados para avaliar o potencial modulador sobre a expressão constitutiva da chemerina e de três citocinas pró-inflamatórias em seus sobrenadantes frente ao uso de AVFDE e cinco fitoconstituintes incluindo o polissacarídeo Acemannan (ACM). Para tal, empregou-se o método ELISA e a citometria de fluxo. O fenótipo psoríasico humano em camundongos via indução por IMQ foi parcialmente reproduzido. A atividade (MPO) mostrou-se menor em animais tratados topicamente com o creme de Aloe vera à 70%. In Vitro observou-se que o AVFDE 50ug/ml reduziu a expressão da quimiocina MCP-1 e à 250ug/ml elevou a expressão de IL-8. ACM 250ug/ml aumentou os níveis de expressão de IL-8 e IL-6. Acemannan (ACM) nas duas concentrações testadas reduziu significativamente a expressão de chemerina. Aloeresina A na concentração 20uM elevou a expressão de IL-6. Nenhum fitoesterol nas concentrações testadas elicitou efeitos sobre os níveis de expressão das citocinas ou da chemerina. Os resultados sugerem que o uso terapêutico com objetivos imunoestimulador e anti inflamatório do extrato do Aloe vera precisa ser melhor avaliado, mas demonstra potencial no tratamento nas fases iniciais da psoríase desde que sejam padronizados os teores mínimos de fitocompostos bioativos como o Acemannan nas apresentações farmacêuticas comercializadas.

Ph.D. / This chemotaxonomic study of the leaf phenolic compounds in the genus Aloe is introduced by presenting a review of Aloe taxonomy, followed by a second review of all known leaf compounds. A chemotaxonomic study of virtually all species of Aloe has made it possible to define several chemical groups in the genus of 420 species. The chemical groups are either identified by a single marker compound or by a series of unique compounds. The following groups have been identified and the chemotaxonomic value of each group is discussed: • An aloin / aloinoside / microdontin group, comprising 36 species, mostly of tropical origin. This group includes species not previously associated with one another. • An 8-O-methyl-7-hydroxyaloin group. Here the co-occurrence of some leaf compounds suggests that 8-O-methyl-7-hydroxyaloin is not homologous in the 18 species where it has been detected. Evidence is presented illustrating that 8-O-methyl-7-hydroxyaloin is an 'hybrid compound' which forms when two chemically divergent species (aloin- and homonataloincontaining parents) are crossed. • An aloenin group, comprising 16 species which are believed to be a monophyletic group. • A microstigmin group, indicating a taxonomic alliance between series Purpurascentes and series Anguialoe, with A. broomii an intermediate between the two. • A 10-hydroxyaloin B group, represented by series Asperifoliae and related species, which appears to be a drought adapted Glade of tropical origin. • A homonataloside group, comprising 14 species, suggesting a biochemical link between the aloes of north Africa and southern Africa. • An aloeresin E and F group, indicating a taxonomic alignment between series Mitriformes and five anomalous species. • A plicataloside group, with its single marker compound indicating a taxonomic relationship between 20 mostly tropical east African species. • A flavone group. The large number of species with flavones (sections Leptoaloe Graminialoe, Lomatophyllum and series Macrifoliae) are suggested to be basal in the genus. • A flavanone group. A few anomalous species produce flavanones but it is unlikely that they form a monophyletic group. A concluding review of leaf exudate compounds (not mentioned above) is also presented which includes hypotheses on the chemotaxonomic value of chromones and anthrones in general. A chemical re-arrangement of species is presented in the form of a new 'chemical classification' for Aloe based on chemotypes. These chemical groups have lead to an improved understanding of natural relationships in a genus where no satisfactory infrageneric classification has hitherto been available.

M.Sc. / Ladysmith is a town situated on the banks of the Klip River in the uThukela District of KwaZulu Natal, and falls into the Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality. The labour force of the Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality makes up 32.48 % of the population within the municipality, of which 16.49 % are employed, and 15.99 % are unemployed. A further 22.21 % of the total population in the municipality are not economically active, i.e. are students, homemakers, disabled, too ill to work, or are not seeking work. In an effort to address the poverty within KwaZulu Natal, the Department of Economic Development initiated a process which identified potential poverty-relieving initiatives and proposed to further investigate these development projects to establish which of the identified alternatives would be most feasible and beneficial to target communities. The areas where the poor communities are situated were identified based on the potential ability of the community to be able to support the required infrastructure investment and product development, which were in turn focussed on emerging economic growth points and development corridors (DEAT, 2001). One of the communities identified which could potentially benefit from one of the proposed development projects was that of the Emnambithi-Ladysmith Municipality, in KwaZulu Natal. Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality appointed a consultant to compile a Local Economic Regeneration Study for Ladysmith and the rural communities of the locality. The Study is aimed at analysing the local economy and thereby finding economic strategies that will make optimum use of local resources to create sustainable job opportunities and means of redressing economic challenges such as retrenchment and unemployment. A significant component of the Study is the identification of projects, which promote local ownership, local jobs and local reinvestment and illustrate the potential to revitalise the local economy of Emnambithi (Urban Econ, 2005). One of the alternative potentially sustainable poverty relief proposals put forward by the consultants, and other relevant parties, was that of harvesting the plant parts of the Aloes which appeared to be abundant within the Emnambithi-Ladysmith Municipality area. It was proposed that an Aloe pre-processing factory be established in a suitable location, which would provide employment opportunities for the local poor communities, who would either be directly employed by the pre-processing factory, or would be appropriately trained to harvest the required raw material from the natural Aloe populations. Similar operations have been initiatedin the Southern and Eastern Cape by formal sector businesses, which produce products made from Aloe ferox, which are then either sold locally or exported. The sustainability of the harvesting of these plants was determined based on the number of leaves which can be harvested per day by a tapper. It was possible to determine that the Aloe marlothii populations within the study area will not be able to support the harvesting of leaves, and as such, the harvesting thereof will not be sustainable. Several recommendations have been made which will further refine the results of this project. The main shortfall of this study was the limitation of the study area by political boundaries. It is thus recommended that a study be conducted which includes all Aloe marlothii habitat areas occurring in the rocky hillsides surrounding Ladysmith, regardless of Ward boundaries.

The effects of skin burn injury on the levels of oxidized and reduced glutthione, malondialdehyde, and on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were determined in liver and lung of rabbit models, 24-h post-burn.

M. Tech. Pharmaceutical Sciences / Following the discovery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, attempts were made to improve its delivery to the site of action and thereby its effectiveness. Insulin and other therapeutic proteins are administered almost exclusively parenterally because of their poor absorption after oral administration, but this route is associated with disadvantages including pain, discomfort and lipohypertrophy at the site of injection. A suitable absorption enhancer which could effectively improve the absorption of poorly absorbable drugs from the gastrointestinal tract would contribute to the development of an effective oral drug delivery system for these drugs. One such attempt was the formulation of the active ingredient into an appropriate dosage form for a specific route of administration to improve other properties such as manufacturability, stability and bioavailability. Formulation studies led to the development of substances called excipients, which were incorporated into dosage forms, in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, to improve the properties of the final product. Aloe vera gel previously showed the ability to increase the bioavailability of vitamins and to enhance the in vitro transport of a macromolecular drug across intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. However, the effect of leaf materials from aloes, indigenous to South Africa, on drug transport across intestinal epithelia has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro drug transport enhancement potential of the gel and whole leaf extract of Aloe ferox, Aloe marlothii, Aloe speciosa and compare them with that of Aloe vera across Caco-2 cell monolayers, as well as across excised rat intestinal tissues.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is the most commonly used excipient in the manufacture of spherical particles or beads by extrusion spheronisation. However, the use of MCC in beads has its limitations such as prolonged release of drugs due to lack of disintegration. The aim of this study was to determine if Aloe vera and Aloe marlothii leaf materials can be used as excipients in the production of beads prepared by extrusion spheronisation. A 23 full factorial design was employed for optimisation and to explore the effects of the concentration of MCC, polyvinylpyrrolidone and aloe materials on the sphericity and release rate of ketoprofen. Scanning electron microscopy revealed more porous beads when aloe materials were included in the bead formulations compared to the formulation with MMC alone. The bead formulations containing aloe materials exhibited faster drug release compared to that of the formulation containing MCC alone. Dissolution data of the optimised formulations were analysed in terms of mean dissolution time (MDT) as well as fit factors (f1 and f2). The optimised bead formulations had dissolution profiles comparable to that of the formulation containing MCC alone at pH 1.2 and 4.5 (f2 values > 70), but less comparable to the reference at pH 6.8 (50 < f2< 65) due to faster drug release. Aloe vera and Aloe marlothii leaf materials can be used successfully together with MCC in the production of beads by extrusion spheronisation. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is the most commonly used excipient in the manufacture of spherical particles or beads by extrusion spheronisation. However, the use of MCC in beads has its limitations such as prolonged release of drugs due to lack of disintegration. The aim of this study was to determine if Aloe vera and Aloe marlothii leaf materials can be used as excipients in the production of beads prepared by extrusion spheronisation. A 23 full factorial design was employed for optimisation and to explore the effects of the concentration of MCC, polyvinylpyrrolidone and aloe materials on the sphericity and release rate of ketoprofen. Scanning electron microscopy revealed more porous beads when aloe materials were included in the bead formulations compared to the formulation with MMC alone. The bead formulations containing aloe materials exhibited faster drug release compared to that of the formulation containing MCC alone. Dissolution data of the optimised formulations were analysed in terms of mean dissolution time (MDT) as well as fit factors (f1 and f2). The optimised bead formulations had dissolution profiles comparable to that of the formulation containing MCC alone at pH 1.2 and 4.5 (f2 values > 70), but less comparable to the reference at pH 6.8 (50 < f2< 65) due to faster drug release. Aloe vera and Aloe marlothii leaf materials can be used successfully together with MCC in the production of beads by extrusion spheronisation. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T12:16:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoGC_DISSERT.pdf: 3396774 bytes, checksum: f3817a3af241b189448e74cd442634c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T12:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoGC_DISSERT.pdf: 3396774 bytes, checksum: f3817a3af241b189448e74cd442634c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / The jiboias (Boa constrictor) are tropical snakes that can present an average length of 3.5 m, occupying most of the Brazilian biomes. It is one of the most common snake species found in zoological collections in Brazil, being used as a tool for environmental and leisure education. The maintenance of these animals in captivity, associated with management errors, predisposes to the appearance of cutaneous lesions that, if not treated, can compromise the health and / or quality of life of these animals. Thus, the importance of identifying and developing the best agents for healing is hoped that they will be preferentially accessible and inexpensive, like some herbal medicines. This study followed the cicatrization of aloe vera, EB1 and EB2, gel and total leaf, respectively, in 12 jiboias (Boa constrictor), by means of macroscopic daily evaluations, for 40 consecutive days. Appearance of the wound in terms of color, gloss, crust formation and exudation. The obtained data evidenced differences in relation to the control group, demonstrating the effect of this phytotherapic on the cicatrisation / As jiboias (Boa constrictor) são serpentes tropicais que podem apresentar um comprimento médio de 3,5 m, ocupando a maioria dos biomas brasileiros. É uma das espécies de serpentes mais encontradas em coleções de zoológicos no Brasil, sendo utilizada como ferramenta de educação ambiental e lazer. A manutenção desses animais em cativeiro, associado a erros de manejo, predispõe ao aparecimento de lesões cutâneas que, se não forem tratadas, podem comprometer a saúde e/ou a qualidade de vida desses animais. Destaca-se assim, a importância de identificar e desenvolver os melhores agentes promotores da cicatrização, esperando que eles sejam preferencialmente de fácil acesso e baixo custo, como alguns fitoterápicos. Diante disso, este estudo acompanhou o efeito cicatrizante de extratos hidroalcóolicos da babosa (Aloe vera), EB1 e EB2, gel e folha total respectivamente, em 12 jiboias (Boa constrictor), através de avaliações macroscópicas diárias, durante 40 dias consecutivos, quanto ao aspecto da ferida em termos de cor, brilho, formação de crosta e exsudação, além de análises histológicas a cada 5 dias. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram diferenças em relação ao grupo controle, demostrando o efeito desse fitoterápico sobre a cicatrização / 2017-05-12