Neutron Stars present a wide variety from the observational point of view. The advent of new and powerful detectors and instruments has opened a new era where the classical picture of neutrons stars seen as radio-pulsars has been modified with new classes such as magnetars, X-ray Isolated Neutron Stars (XINSs) or Central Compact Objects (CCOs) in Supernova Remnants . In addition to the more than 2500 sources detected in the radio band, more than two hundred have also been detected as X-ray and gamma-ray sources. This number is expected to increase in the near future. Despite this apparent diversity, some studies demand a theory able to explain the different classes in terms of the same physical scenario (Kaspi, 2010), in which the evolution of the magnetic field appears to play an important role (Viganò et al., 2013). The Population Synthesis of Neutron Stars, which is the central subject of this thesis, is an interesting approach to understand the problem, as both intrinsic properties and observational biases are taken into account. These technique is based on Monte Carlo methods, applied to simulate the whole population of neutron stars. The main objective of the thesis has been to perform a multi-wavelength study of the different populations of Neutron Stars focusing in the effects of magneto-thermal evolution. This report consists of a global summary of the objectives, methods and main results of the thesis. It is structured as follows. The first chapter gives an introduction to Neutron Stars. Chapter two is a description of the method of Population Synthesis of Neutron Stars. In chapter three a global discussion of the main results is presented. Chapter four closes the report with the conclusions. An appendix is also included which constitutes a description of a method based on the pulsar current analysis.

Tese de mestrado. Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010

Determina una metodología analítica por cromatografía líquida de alta performance para cuantificar al principio activo ketorolaco trometamina en materia prima, partiendo de su estructura química, la cual nos lleva a un primer paso para determinar una longitud o longitudes de onda a la cual es posible detectar bajo condiciones espectrofotométricas, es decir frente a la luz ultravioleta, lográndose así determinar que presenta 2 longitudes de onda a 267 nm y 336nm cada una partiendo desde diferente base química. El principio activo es soluble en una mezcla de metanol y agua (1:1). Este diluyente nos permite identificar al ketorolaco trometamina frente a una fase móvil que contiene agua, metanol y ácido acético (55:44:1) a una longitud de onda de 254 nm a 30°C, utilizando una inyección de 100 uL. Así bajo estas condiciones se ha desarrollado la validación cumpliendo con los parámetros de linealidad de estándar con su coeficiente de correlación de 0.999, de selectividad a 101.8% de pureza, repetitividad con valor de 1, reproductibilidad con valor de 0.05 y exactitud al 98.52%. / Tesis

A esfera é comumente usada como domínio computacional para representar o planeta Terra. Dessa forma, é possível modelar diversos fenômenos físicos, como a previsão numérica do tempo. A discretização pode ser feita de formas distintas, mas devido a uma crescente necessidade de eficiência computacional, as malhas geodésicas têm ganhado a atenção da comunidade científica. Dentre as quais, por serem mais isotrópicas em relação às malhas latitude/longitude, destacam-se as malhas icosaédricas. A qualidade dos modelos de previsão do tempo é fortemente influenciada pela precisão da solução da equação de advecção (ou transporte), pois, é necessário avaliar o transporte de diversas substâncias presentes na atmosfera. Nesse contexto, pesquisadores têm se interessado em desenvolver métodos de alta ordem na esfera para melhorar a qualidade da solução do transporte escalar. Apesar de existirem alguns modelos numéricos de alta ordem que usam malhas icosaédricas, não há consenso sobre as metodologias e os tipos de malhas a serem utilizadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os métodos disponíveis na literatura e propor um novo método de alta ordem na esfera, baseado nos trabalhos de Ollivier-Gooch e colaboradores. O método de volumes finitos de alta ordem foi validado com testes de interpolação, integração e discretização do divergente. Por fim, foram utilizadas várias funções testes para a advecção. Os resultados foram comparados com os da literatura para malhas icosaédricas com distintas otimizações. Os testes incluem funções suaves, com descontinuidades e testes de deformações na distribuição do campo transportado, que são fundamentais no desenvolvimento de modelos atmosféricos globais. Os resultados numéricos mostram que o método proposto, que será denominado por FV-OLG, foi capaz de obter alta ordem de precisão e verificou-se que as taxas de erro são pouco influenciadas por distorções de malha. Foi feito um teste adicional para avaliar o transporte de uma colina de gaussiana na malha icosaédrica com refinamento local. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as taxas de convergências são as mesmas obtidas em malhas com distintas otimizações, demonstrando ser um método robusto a ser explorado em modelos atmosféricos globais. / The sphere is commonly used as a computational domain to represent the planet Earth. In this way, it is possible to model several physical phenomena, such as the numerical weather forecast. Discretization can be done in different ways, but due to an increasing need for computational efficiency, geodesic meshes have gained the attention of the scientific community. These are more isotropic in relation to the latitude / longitude meshes, among which, the icosahedral meshes stand out. The quality of weather forecast models is strongly influenced by the accuracy of the solution of the advection (or transport) equation, since it is necessary to evaluate the transport of various substances present in the atmosphere. In this context, researchers have been interested in developing high-order methods on the sphere to improve the quality of the scalar transport solution. Although there are some high order numerical models that use icosahedral meshes, there is no consensus on the methodologies and types of meshes to be used. The objective of this work was to study the methods available in the literature and to propose a new high order method in the sphere, based on the works of Ollivier-Gooch et al. The finite-order finite-volume method was validated with inter- polation, integration and discretization tests of the divergent. For this purpose, several tests were used for the advection and the results were compared with those from the literature for icosahedral meshes with different optimizations. The tests include smooth functions, with discontinuities and tests of deformations in the distribution of the transported field, which are fundamental in the development of global atmospheric models. The numerical results show that the proposed method, which will be called FV-OLG, was able to obtain a high order of accuracy and verified that the error rates are little influenced by mesh distortion. An additional test was carried out to evaluate the transport of a Gaussian hill in the icosahedral grid with local refinement. The results show that the convergence rates are the same as those obtained in meshes with different optimizations, demonstrating that it is a robust method to be used in global atmospheric models.

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las contribuciones específicas y generales de distintas perspectivas de inteligencia (inteligencias múltiples, aptitudes diferenciales, inteligencia emocional e inteligencia exitosa) y creatividad (pensamiento divergente) en la configuración cognitiva de una muestra de alumnos nominados con altas habilidades. Este estudio ha permitido: 1) Analizar las características psicométricas y la utilidad de distintos instrumentos psicométricos para la identificación de la alta habilidad; 2) Definir 15 dimensiones cognitivas que permiten analizar la aportación específica de cada perspectiva al estudio de la alta habilidad; 3) Evidenciar que las perspectivas analizadas son relativamente independientes y reflejan aspectos diferentes y complementarios de la alta habilidad; 4) Especificar cinco factores que permiten estudiar la alta habilidad desde una perspectiva integradora; 5) Conformar cuatro grupos de alumnos de altas habilidades con características diferenciadas en función a las dimensiones cognitivas definidas. En general, el trabajo evidencia la heterogeneidad del constructo de la alta habilidad y llama la atención sobre la necesidad de desarrollar claves específicas para la respuesta educativa de los alumnos de altas habilidades en función a su perfil cognitivo. / The study aims to analyze the specific and general contributions of different perspectives of intelligence (multiple intelligences, differential aptitudes, emotional intelligence and successful intelligence) and creativity (divergent thinking) in the cognitive configuration of a sample of nominated high-ability students. This study has allowed: 1) To analyze the psychometric characteristics and usefulness of various psychometric instruments for identifying high ability, 2) To set 15 cognitive dimensions to analyze the specific contribution of each perspective to the study of high ability, 3) To show that the constructs are relatively independent and reflect different and complementary aspects of high ability, 4) To specify five factors that allow the study of high ability from an integrative perspective, 5) To shape four groups of high ability students with different characteristics depending to the cognitive dimensions defined. In general, the work demonstrates the heterogen eity of high ability and draws attention to the need to develop specific keys for the educational response of high ability students according to their cognitive profile.

En esta Tesis Doctoral se presenta el método determinístico de alta frecuencia denominado Modi_ed Equivalent Current Approximation (MECA). Su ámbito de aplicación se circunscribe al cálculo de niveles de campo electromagnético a partir de unas corrientes equivalentes, tanto eléctricas como magnéticas, para un escenario eléctricamente grande. Se trata de una extensión de la formulación clásica de Óptica Física para la consideración no solo de super_cies de tipo conductor eléctrico perfecto sino también dieléctrico o con pérdidas.El método MECA debe ser complementado por un algoritmo de cálculo de visibilidades para distinguir entre zonas iluminadas y en sombra desde un punto de vista. En consonancia con ello se evalúan cuatro distintas metodologías, de las cuales tres son nuevas (Método Cono, Método Pirámide y Método Recorte) y la restante, Binary Space Partitioning, se emplea como referencia.La validación se efectúa a partir del cómputo de la sección recta radar de diversas geometrías canónicas y se contrasta con sus expresiones analíticas o bien con los resultados provistos por la técnica de onda completa basada en el Método de los Momentos. Adicionalmente se contemplan diferentes aspectos de interés ligados a MECA, como el efecto de la polarización o el ángulo de incidencia.La inclusión de métodos de aceleración basados en división en dominios o limitación en alcance y la descripción de la herramienta de cálculo de cobertura radioeléctrica desarrollada dan paso a los ejemplos de aplicación. Estos consisten en una optimización de una red GSM/GPRS en un entorno rural y una diagnosis en un entorno urbano con dos estaciones transmisoras de radio. También se muestra un escenario para evaluar el comportamiento en interiores.

No description available.

The Calgary stroet-levcl Arcade preceded the Mall as a place of public exchange: During the first half of its history the covered arcade acted as a buffer between the public street and private interior. The arcade extended me.vitality of the city street to the pedestrian. It was shelter from bad weather and vehicles, and a window into another world of consumable items. A shopper could peruse the 'just out of reach' at the Hudson's Bay or wait for a street car under the measured punctuation of the covered arcade. The public nature of the arcade reconciled.the individual to the group. It mediated the transition from the busy street'.to the beckoning shop window. Today merchandising strategies promise to develop a more efficient circle between shopper and commodity. Mall spaces are connected above ground with a maze of raised public walkways. Crisscrossing the original grid of streets at a height of 4.5 meters is the raised "Plus 15 System." Over the last twenty-five years, Calgary has extended one of the largest semi-private systems in the world through it's downtown core. This system replaces the public street with an interior analogy that is neither public nor private. Ground level street-life suffers a slow but definite decline and is not replaced. As the city experiences a period of extreme growth the opportunity arises to remedy the decline of the public realm In the process of development and gentrification a temporary set of urban artifacts becomes visible. The building crane, the site trailer, construction hoarding - this language of urban expansion is as tenable as the "architecture'' of the city itself. This thesis project will invigorate boomtown city growth with a new public architecture. The site is the back lane between 8th and 9th Avenues and Centre and 1st Street in the heart of downtown Calgary. This is one of many blocks yet to complete the Plus 15 labyrinth of public access-ways. Mid-block pedestrian bridges connect the south and east sides of the site with the rest of the city's Plus 15 system. Low-level heritage buildings and Stephen Avenue pedestrian mall wall the north side of the site while the giant Pan Canadian Building dominates the south. Running through the Pan Canadian Building is an existing public right of way. Using current development as a spring board this project will suture the internal world of the Plus 15 to adjacent public and private fragments of the city. A steel "Frame" will accompany the current developer scheme for a hotel high-rise on the site. This frame reconciles the horizontal dimension of the original property width of Stephen Avenue Mall and the new vertical layering of the "floorplate skyscraper." Inserted into this ordered web is a temporary housing system of pre-built trailer boxes - - an appropriation of the familiar objects of construction: The ATCO trailer, construction hoarding and a "take-apart" kit of frame components provide a fertile base for the growth of the public "tube". They furnish a temporary architecture while the new public walkway asserts its presence.

This thesis explores the customs and traditions surrounding death and memorialization in the history of Lethbridge, paying particular attention to the public "face" of the practices as observed in newspaper death notices, obituaries, in-memoriams, undertaker advertisements, gravestones and cemeteries. It places Lethbridge rituals within the context of the general paterns of western culture, and others, as described by anthropology, history, archaeology, and art history. Its intent is to understand the effects of certain external influences on the realms of personal choice and individuality, and to observe the extent to which these influences have had an impact on what was once deeply personal family matter. / viii, 197 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.