Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-06T18:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vin?cius Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 1609397 bytes, checksum: 1c31fd547893728f1c9c9165ee10137c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T18:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Vin?cius Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 1609397 bytes, checksum: 1c31fd547893728f1c9c9165ee10137c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-01 / FAPERJ / Angiostrongylus cantonensis Chen, 1935 was first described as a parasite of the pulmonary artery of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus in Canton, China. This helminth is an etiological agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, a zoonotic disease endemic to certain Asian countries, which has recently dispersed to Africa, North and South America, and Caribbean islands. Currently Brazil is considered an area of high risk for the establishment of human angiostrongyliasis, due mainly to the occurrence of naturally infected snails and rodents, acting respectively as definitive and intermediate hosts of this parasite, directly favoring the transmission dynamics of neural angiostrongyliasis. In its life cycle, snails act as intermediate hosts, allowing the development of infective larval forms in the definitive host. In recent years, the metabolic characteristics of experimentally infected snails have been studied in an effort to develop measures to control the pathologies transmitted by these organisms. However, there is little information on the relationship between A. cantonensis and the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, which is cause for concern, not only because of the importance of this parasite, but also due to the widespread distribution of this snail in Brazil. In this study, the metabolic alterations of B. glabrata resulting from experimental infection by A. cantonensis were evaluated. For this purpose, snails of the pigmented strain were used, reared in the laboratory since oviposition. Two overall groups were formed: control (C1, C2 and C3), with uninfected animals, and treated (I1, I2 and I3), with infected snails. Each subgroup was composed of 10 snails. The entire experiment was performed in duplicate, utilizing a total of 120 snails. After one, two and three weeks of infection, 20 snails from each group were dissected to collect the hemolymph and tissues. The spectrophotometric readings were performed with Doles commercial reagent kits. The biochemical measurement demonstrated that infection by A. cantonensis induced a significant reduction in the hemolymph concentrations of calcium after one week of infection, followed by an increase in the concentrations of this ion in the second week of infection. This situation was accompanied by intense mobilization of CaCO3 in the shell of the infected snails, possibly as an attempt to reestablish the acid-base equilibrium after its alteration during the parasites? development. The histopathology results also demonstrated morphological changes in the digestive gland of infected snails, mainly in the form of granulomatous reactions and areas of metastatic calcification. Variations in the reserves of neutral lipids stored in the digestive gland-gonad complex were also observed. Infection resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cholesterol and an increase in the levels of fatty acid and triacylglycerol after the first two weeks of infection. The increase in the concentration of fatty acid was associated with an increase in lipase activity, indicating that A. cantonensis induces activation of a lipolytic process during development in its intermediate host. Finally, infection by A. cantonensis resulted in changes in the oxidative metabolism of B. glabrata. Besides depletion of the polysaccharide reserves stored in the digestive gland and cephalopodal mass, parasitism by A. cantonensis induced activation of the host?s anaerobic metabolism, resulting not only in an increase in activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the hemolymph, but also reduction of the levels of pyruvic acid and accumulation of lactate. This is an interesting adaptive response of the host to infection, enabling the host, through anaerobic metabolism, to generate energy while still maintaining its redox balance. Additionally, the reduction in the concentrations of oxalic acid in the final parasite development periods suggests its diversion to gluconeogenesis, indicating the involvement of this molecule as a precursor in the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate. This metabolic condition was accompanied by a deletion in oxidative phosphorylation infected snails (1 and 2 weeks) after infection, suggesting a decrease in the number of mitochondria in the examined tissue, or suppression of enzymatic centers related to oxidative reactions. / O nemat?ide Angiostrongylus cantonensis foi primeiramente descrito como parasito de art?ria pulmonar de Rattus norvegicus e Rattus rattus em Canton, China. Este helminto tem sido mencionado como principal agente etiol?gico da meningoencefalite eosinof?lica humana, uma metazoonose end?mica no continente asi?tico e que recentemente, tem-se disseminado para ?frica, Norte e Sul da Am?rica e Ilhas do Caribe. Atualmente, o Brasil ? considerado ?rea de alto risco ao estabelecimento da angiostrongil?ase humana, justificado n?o somente pela presen?a de moluscos, mas tamb?m roedores naturalmente infectados, que atuam respectivamente como hospedeiros intermedi?rios e definitivos desse parasito, fatores que favorecem diretamente a din?mica de transmiss?o da angiostrongil?ase neural. Em seu ciclo de vida moluscos atuam como hospedeiros intermedi?rios, possibilitando a partir se sua infec??o, o desenvolvimento de formas larvais infectantes ao hospedeiro definitivo. Nos ?ltimos anos, a caracteriza??o de padr?es metab?licos de moluscos infectados experimentalmente, tem sido estudada como base para o desenvolvimento de medidas focadas principalmente no controle de patologias transmitidas por estes organismos. Por?m, quando nos referimos a modelos experimentais utilizando A. cantonensis e Biomphalaria glabrata, os dados ainda s?o escassos, o que preocupa, n?o apenas pela import?ncia do parasito, mas tamb?m pela ampla distribui??o da esp?cie B. glabrata no Brasil. Neste estudo, foram observadas altera??es no metabolismo mineral, lip?dico e oxidativo de B. glabrata, decorrentes da infec??o experimental por A. cantonensis. Para isso, foram utilizados moluscos da linhagem pigmentada criados desde a oviposi??o e mantidos em condi??es laborat?riais. Foram formados dois grupos: controle (C1, C2, C3) com animais n?o infectados e infectados (I1, I2 e I3). Os grupos eram compostos por 10 moluscos. Todo experimento foi feito em duplicata, utilizando um total de 120 moluscos. Ap?s 1, 2 e 3 semanas de infec??o, 20 moluscos de cada grupo eram dissecados para a coleta da hemolinfa e tecidos. As leituras espectrofotom?tricas foram realizadas a partir de kits comercias da marca Doles. As dosagens bioqu?micas demonstraram que a infec??o por A. cantonensis induziu uma diminui??o significativa nos conte?dos hemolinf?ticos de c?lcio ap?s primeira semana de infec??o, seguido por um aumento nas concentra??es desse ?on na segunda semana de estudo. Este cen?rio foi acompanhado por uma intensa mobiliza??o de CaCO3 na concha de moluscos infectados, possivelmente como tentativa em restabelecer o equil?brio ?cido-base alterado durante o desenvolvimento do parasito. Resultados histopatol?gicos demonstraram ainda altera??es morfol?gicas na gl?ndula digestiva de moluscos infectados, caracterizadas principalmente na forma de rea??es granulomatosas e ?reas de calcifica??o metast?tica. Varia??es nas reservas de lip?dios neutros estocados no complexo gl?ndula digestiva-g?noda foram tamb?m demonstradas. A infec??o resultou em um decr?scimo significativo nos conte?dos de colesterol e no aumento dos n?veis de ?cido graxo e triacilglicerol ap?s as duas primeiras semanas de infec??o. O aumento nos conte?dos de ?cido graxo foi associado ao aumento da atividade lip?sica, indicando que A. cantonensis induz de fato a ativa??o de um processo lipol?tico durante etapa de desenvolvimento em seu hospedeiro intermedi?rio. Por fim, a infec??o de A. cantonensis resultou em mudan?as no metabolismo oxidativo de B. glabrata. Al?m da deple??o de reservas polissacar?dicas estocadas na gl?ndula digestiva e massa cefalopodal, o parasitismo por A. cantonensis induziu a ativa??o do metabolismo anaer?bio de seu hospedeiro, resultando n?o apenas no aumento da atividade da lactato desidrogenase hemolinf?tica, mas tamb?m na redu??o dos n?veis de ?cido pir?vico e ac?mulo de lactato. Isso representa uma interessante resposta adaptativa do hospedeiro frente ? infec??o, possibilitando o hospedeiro a partir do metabolismo anaer?bio, gerar energia e ao mesmo tempo mant?m seu balan?o redox. Adicionalmente, a redu??o nas concentra??es de ?cido ox?lico observado nos per?odos finais do desenvolvimento parasit?rio, sugere o seu desvio para a gliconeog?nese, destacando o envolvimento dessa mol?cula como precursora na s?ntese de glicose-6-fosfato. Este cen?rio metab?lico foi acompanhado por uma supress?o na fosforila??o oxidativa de moluscos infectados (1 e 2 semanas) de infec??o, sugerindo uma diminui??o na quantidade de mitoc?ndrias no tecido analisado, ou ainda, na inibi??o de centros enzim?ticos relacionados ?s rea??es oxidativas.

At the begining of this thesis radar theory and classification of radar systems is explained. Next part introduces antenna arrays with it’s parameters and possibilities. Main part contains design of digital beamformer on FPGA Cyclone V and it’s validation.

This thesis describes a conceptual design of touchless fingerprint sensor and design, implementation and testing of its firmware, which is a composition of hardware implemented in VHDL and a program implemented in C. Result of this thesis can be used as the first step of building an industrial solution.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-24T15:47:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - L?via da Rocha Natalino Monteiro.pdf: 1451629 bytes, checksum: c984d90970fa9192a11dedd19eb857df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-24T15:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - L?via da Rocha Natalino Monteiro.pdf: 1451629 bytes, checksum: c984d90970fa9192a11dedd19eb857df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / The constant regulation of sodium and water balance is essential for the maintenance of life. From the simplest to the most complex organisms, conservation of such elements at appropriate levels is a vital issue for the homeostasis of the individual. In order to maintain this balance, organisms resort a set of neurohumoral mechanisms that constantly regulate the content of bodily water and sodium. In recent decades, studies of neural mechanisms involved in the regulation of sodium appetite have gained ground since the excessive intake of sodium chloride has been directly related to functional changes which can lead to diseases such as hypertension. Besides the high daily consumption of sodium chloride by occidental societies, there is also a growing number cases of hypertension, particularly the so-called ?salt-sensitive?. Therefore, it is necessary that the mechanisms involved in these changes are intensively studied in scientific models. Thus, through the use of an animal model, we investigated the functional changes arising from the modification of sodium content in the diet of animals. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i) control (CTRL); ii) low-sodium diet (LSD); iii) furosemide (FURO); iv) saline overload (SO). From this division, we draw the hydroelectrolytic, cardiovascular and molecular profiles of these paradigms four days after the protocols beginning. We found that low-sodium diet and furosemide were able to induce a sustained sodium appetite 4 hours after reintroduction of fluids when compared to control group (LSD: 4.1 ? 0.8 and FURO: 8.5 ? 1.0 vs. CTRL 0.15 ? 0.08 mL/100g body weight, p<0.05, respectively). Besides we have confirmed the occurrence of hypernatremia in SO group (163.7 ? 1.6 vs. 143.2 ? 0.7 mEq/L, p<0.05) we surprisingly have found higher plasma sodium levels in LSD (148.7 ? 1.0 vs. 143.2 ? 0.7 mEq/L, p<0.05) when compared to control group. During the assessment of cardiac parameters, only the FURO group showed smaller mean arterial pressure than control after administration of phenylephrine at both 10 and 50 ?g/mL concentrations (Phe10: 142.6 ? 19.1 vs. 222.4 ? 14 bpm, p<0.05; Phe50: 261.0 ? 74.8 vs. 190.9 ? 19.6 mmHg, p<0.05, respectively), probably due to hypovolemia, a factor which could also explain the absence of hyponatremia in these animals. Concerning the molecular parameters within the PVN, SO group showed an increased mRNA expression of AVP (2.61 ? 0.16 vs. 1.04 ? 0.04 a.u., p<0.05) and OT (1.52 ? 0.12 vs. 1.01 ? 0.05 a.u., p<0.05), while in the LSD group, these parameters are reduced (AVP: 0.65 ? 0.07 vs. 1.04 ? 0.04 a.u., p<0.05; OT: 0.65 ? 0.06 vs. 1.01 ? 0.05 a.u., p<0.05), when compared to control group, respectively. Finally, we found increased levels of AT1 receptor mRNA in SO group (2.94 ? 0.26 vs. 1.14 ? 0.25 a.u, p<0.05) and FURO (3.08 ? 0.51 vs. 1.14 ? 0.25 a.u, p<0.05) compared to control, respectively. Thus, these results underscore the central role of neuroendocrine systems in the modulation of electrolyte and cardiovascular homeostasis / A regula??o constante do balan?o de ?gua e s?dio ? essencial para a manuten??o da vida. Desde os organismos mais simples at? os mais complexos, a conserva??o de tais elementos em n?veis adequados constitui ponto crucial para a homeostase do indiv?duo. Para tanto, os organismos lan?am m?o de uma s?rie de mecanismos neuro-humorais que regulam a todo momento o conte?do de ?gua e s?dio corporal. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, estudos sobre mecanismos neurais envolvidos na regula??o do apetite ao s?dio t?m ganhado destaque, uma vez que o consumo exagerado de cloreto de s?dio est? diretamente relacionado a altera??es funcionais que podem gerar doen?as como a hipertens?o arterial. Al?m do alto consumo di?rio de s?dio pelas sociedades ocidentais, h? tamb?m um crescente n?mero de casos de hipertens?o arterial, particularmente do tipo denominado sal-sens?vel. Assim, ? necess?rio que os mecanismos envolvidos nessas altera??es sejam intensamente estudados em modelos cient?ficos. Desta forma, atrav?s do uso de modelo animal, investigamos neste trabalho as altera??es funcionais advindas da modifica??o do conte?do de s?dio presente na dieta dos animais. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: i) controle (CTRL); ii) dieta pobre em s?dio (DP); iii) furosemida (FURO); iv) sobrecarga salina (SS). A partir desta divis?o, tra?amos os perfis hidroeletrol?tico, cardiovascular e molecular desses paradigmas de desafio ao balan?o hidroeletrol?tico. Verificamos que a dieta hiposs?dica e a furosemida foram capazes de induzir o apetite ao s?dio de forma sustentada at? 4 horas ap?s reapresenta??o de fluidos (DP 4,1 ? 0,8 de peso corporal; FURO 8,5 ? 1,0 vs. CTRL 0,15 ? 0,08 mL/100g; p<0,05). Confirmamos a ocorr?ncia de hipernatremia a partir da sobrecarga salina (SS 163,7 ? 1,6 vs. CTRL 143,2 ? 0,7 mEq/L; p<0,05) e, surpreendentemente, encontramos n?veis natr?micos maiores que o controle no grupo DP (DP 148,7 ? 1,8 vs. Ctrl 143,2 ? 0,7 mEq/L; p<0,05). Quanto ? avalia??o dos par?metros card?acos, somente o grupo furosemida apresentou PAM menor que o controle ap?s a administra??o de fenilefrina nas concentra??es de 10 e 50 ?g/mL ( Phe10 = Furo 142,6 ? 19,1 vs. Ctrl 222,4 ? 14,2 ; Phe50 = Furo 261,0 ? 74,8 vs. Ctrl 190,9 ? 19,6 mmHg; p<0,05), provavelmente devido ? hipovolemia nestes animais. Verificamos ainda que no grupo submetido ? sobrecarga salina ocorre aumento da express?o de mRNA para AVP (SS 2,61 ? 0,16 vs. CTRL 1,04 ? 0,04 a.u - unidades arbitr?rias; p<0,05) e OT (SS 1,52 ? 0,12 vs. CTRL 1,01 ? 0,05 a.u; p<0,05), enquanto que no grupo dieta pobre estes par?metros s?o reduzidos (AVP - DP 0,65 ? 0,07vs. CTRL 1,04 ? 0,04; OT - DP 0,65 ? 0,06vs. CTRL 1,01 ? 0,05 a.u; p<0,05). Por fim, encontramos n?veis aumentados de mRNA do receptor AT1 nos grupos sobrecarga salina (SS 2,94 ? 0,26 vs. CTRL 1,14 ? 0,25 a.u; p<0,05) e furosemida (Furo 3,08 ? 0,51 vs. CTRL 1,14 ? 0,25 a.u; p<0,05). Deste modo, estes resultados refor?am o importante papel dos sistemas neuroend?crinos centrais na modula??o da homeostase hidroeletrol?tica e cardiovascular

Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as a competitive and efficient communication infrastructure for the core based design of System on Chip. Resource (core), router and interface between router and core are the three main parts of a NoC. Each core communicates with the network through the interface, also called Resource Network Interface (RNI). One approach to speed up the design at NoC based systems is to develop standardized RNI. Design of RNI depends to some extent on the type of routing technique used in NoC. Control of route decision base the categorization of source and distributed routing algorithms. In source routing a complete path to the destination is provided in the packet header at the source, whereas in distributed routing, the path is dynamically computed in routers as the packet moves through the network. Buffering, flitization, deflitization and transfer of data from core to router and vice versa, are common responsibilities of RNI in both types of routing. In source routing, RNI has an extra functionality of storing complete paths to all destinations in tables, extracting path to reach a desired destination and adding it in the header flit. In this thesis, we have made an effort towards designing and prototyping a standardized and efficient RNI for both source and distributed routing. VHDL is used as a design language and prototyping of both types RNI has been carried out on Altera DE2 FPGA board. Testing of RNI was conducted by using Nios II soft core. Simulation results show that the best case flit latency, for both types RNI is 4 clock cycles. RNI design is also resource efficient because it consumes only 2% of the available resources on the target platform.

<p>Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as a competitive and efficient communication infrastructure for the core based design of System on Chip. Resource (core), router and interface between router and core are the three main parts of a NoC. Each core communicates with the network through the interface, also called Resource Network Interface (RNI). One approach to speed up the design at NoC based systems is to develop standardized RNI. Design of RNI depends to some extent on the type of routing technique used in NoC. Control of route decision base the categorization of source and distributed routing algorithms. In source routing a complete path to the destination is provided in the packet header at the source, whereas in distributed routing, the path is dynamically computed in routers as the packet moves through the network. Buffering, flitization, deflitization and transfer of data from core to router and vice versa, are common responsibilities of RNI in both types of routing. In source routing, RNI has an extra functionality of storing complete paths to all destinations in tables, extracting path to reach a desired destination and adding it in the header flit. In this thesis, we have made an effort towards designing and prototyping a standardized and efficient RNI for both source and distributed routing. VHDL is used as a design language and prototyping of both types RNI has been carried out on Altera DE2 FPGA board. Testing of RNI was conducted by using Nios II soft core. Simulation results show that the best case flit latency, for both types RNI is 4 clock cycles. RNI design is also resource efficient because it consumes only 2% of the available resources on the target platform.</p>

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T16:14:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 raquel.pdf: 1403025 bytes, checksum: eea55372117e73565bb98bcc2880e7b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T10:48:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 raquel.pdf: 1403025 bytes, checksum: eea55372117e73565bb98bcc2880e7b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T10:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 raquel.pdf: 1403025 bytes, checksum: eea55372117e73565bb98bcc2880e7b3 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Pouco conhecimento est? dispon?vel em torno da preval?ncia e dos fatores associados ?s altera??es de mucosa bucal em crian?as pr?-escolares procedentes da zona urbana ou rural. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a preval?ncia e os fatores associados com varia??es da normalidade e les?es de mucosa bucal em 541 pr?-escolares saud?veis da zona urbana e rural do munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atrav?s de question?rio aplicado aos pais/respons?veis investigaram-se informa??es sociodemogr?ficas como proced?ncia da crian?a (zona urbana ou rural), escolaridade da m?e e renda mensal do grupo familiar, al?m da presen?a de h?bitos nocivos como bruxismo, suc??o e mordiscagem de objetos. Em seguida, exames bucais foram realizados para verificar altera??es de mucosa e higiene bucal, al?m da presen?a de c?rie dent?ria. An?lise descritiva, testes Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e regress?o log?stica multivariada foram utilizados para an?lise dos dados (p<0,05). A preval?ncia de altera??es de mucosa bucal foi de 49,5%. As varia??es da normalidade mais frequentes foram: l?ngua saburrosa (23,4%), manchas mel?nicas (14,4%) e gr?nulos de Fordyce (8,1%). Por outro lado, as les?es mais prevalentes foram: les?es ulceradas (11,8%), queilite angular (3,0%) e f?stula (1,3%). Independentemente do g?nero, idade, escolaridade da m?e, renda familiar e proced?ncia da crian?a, pr?-escolares de 3 a 5 anos possu?ram maior chance de apresentar l?ngua saburrosa [OR:2,55; (IC95%: 1,6-4,1)], manchas mel?nicas [OR:4,07; (IC95%: 2,3-7,2)] e gr?nulos de Fordyce [OR:12,70; (IC95%: 7,2-28,6)]. L?ngua saburrosa foi mais prevalente em crian?as de baixa renda [OR:2,35; (IC95%: 1,3-4,3)] e higiene bucal insatisfat?ria [OR:4,65; (IC 95%: 2,9-7,4)]. Crian?as da zona rural [OR:3,86; (IC 95%: 2,1-7,1)] e do g?nero feminino [OR:2,23; (IC 95%: 1,3-3,8)] apresentaram maior ocorr?ncia de manchas mel?nicas. Pr?-escolares com c?rie possu?ram maior chance de apresentar linha alba [OR: 6,19; (IC95%: 1,1-26,1)], ulcera??es bucais [OR:2,15; (IC95%: 1,2-3,9)] e f?stula [OR:12,0; (IC95%: (1,4-11,3)]. Pr?-escolares com bruxismo apresentaram maior ocorr?ncia de queilite angular [OR:5,55; (IC95%: 1,9-16,3)]. Concluiu-se que a preval?ncia de altera??es de mucosa bucal em crian?as pr?-escolares foi alta. Os fatores mais frequentemente associados ?s varia??es da normalidade foram o g?nero feminino, idade entre 3 e 5 anos, higiene bucal insatisfat?ria, baixa renda familiar, proced?ncia rural e c?rie dent?ria. Por outro lado, os ?nicos fatores associados ?s les?es de mucosa bucal foram c?rie dent?ria e bruxismo. / ABSTRACT Narrow knowledge is available about the prevalence of alterations in the oral mucosa and associated factors among preschool children coming from urban or rural area. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of abnormalities and lesions in the oral mucosa and associated factors among 541 healthy preschool children in urban and rural areas of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A questionnaire administered to parents/guardians investigated socio-demographic variables, such as child?s place of residence (urban or rural area), mother's schooling and monthly household income as well as harmful habits such as bruxism (teeth grinding/clenching), sucking habits and chewing on objects. Oral examinations were performed to determine mucosa alterations, oral hygiene and dental caries. Descriptive analysis, Fisher?s Exact test, the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis (p < 0.05). The prevalence of alterations in the oral mucosa was 49.5%. The most prevalent abnormalities were coated tongue (23.4%), melanotic macules (14.4%) and Fordyce granules (8.1%). The most prevalent lesions were oral ulcers (11.8%), angular cheilitis (3.0%) and fistula (1.3%). Preschool children aged three to five years had a greater chance of exhibiting coated tongue (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.6-4.1), melanotic macules (OR: 4.07; 95% CI: 2.3-7.2) and Fordyce granules (OR: 12.70; 95% CI: 7.2-28.6). Coated tongue (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.3-4.3) and poor oral hygiene (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 2.9-7.4) were more prevalent among low-income children. Children in rural areas (OR: 3.86; 95% CI: 2.1 to 7.1) and the female gender (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.3-3.8) had a higher occurrence of melanotic macules. Preschool children with dental caries had a greater chance of exhibiting linea alba (OR: 6.19; 95% CI: 1.1-26.1), oral ulcers (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.2-3.9) and fistula (OR: 12.0; 95% CI: 1.4-11.3). Children with bruxism had higher incidence of angular cheilitis (OR: 5.55; 95% CI: 1.9-16.3). The prevalence of alterations in the oral mucosa of preschool children was high. The factors most often associated with such abnormalities were the female gender, age between three and five years, poor oral hygiene, low income, residing in a rural area and dental caries. However, the only factors associated with oral mucosa lesions were dental caries and bruxism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreEM_TESE.pdf: 2243848 bytes, checksum: 084d61604c2aa96c5c502207145559c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The occurrence of human cancer in the municipality of Lucr?cia (RN, Brazil) has shown high frequencies (INCA, 2007). Tests of micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were performed to assess the genotoxic potential of water from the Lucr?cia dam, which is located in a semi-arid region under the influence of crop irrigation and irregular rainfall. Water samples were collected in this source for analyzing the concentration of cyanobacteria, metals and radioactivity. Erythrocytes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected in dam and cells of human oral mucosa in the urban area of this municipality for the bioassays of MN and NA. In fish were also analyzed concentrations of metals in samples of liver and gills. The genotoxicity tests with biological samples of fish and humans have shown significant increases in the frequencies of MN and NA (p &#8804; 0.05) and are indicative of increased DNA damage in relation to the control groups. In conclusion, the results obtained from water samples and biological municipality of Lucr?cia indicates that the presence of chemical and microbiological pollutants, and increase of genotoxic in human of this municipality. We suggest the implementation of advanced water treatment, to prevent further degradation of the aquatic environment and decrease in the life quality. This research of environmental quality assessment was performed in order to contemplate a multi and interdisciplinary character of this water resource and that can induce genotoxic damage in the organisms in this study region / A ocorr?ncia de c?ncer humano na regi?o do munic?pio de Lucr?cia (RN, Brasil) tem mostrado freq??ncias elevadas (INCA, 2007). Foram aplicados testes de micron?cleos (MN) e altera??es nucleares (NA) para avaliar o potencial genot?xico das ?guas do a?ude de Lucr?cia, que est? localizado numa regi?o semi-?rida sob influ?ncia de irriga??o agr?cola e precipita??o irregular. Foram coletadas amostras de ?gua nesse manancial para an?lise da concentra??o de cianobact?rias, metais e radioatividade. Foram coletados eritr?citos de til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) no manancial e c?lulas de mucosa oral humana na ?rea urbana desse munic?pio para os bioensaios de MN e NA. Nos peixes tamb?m foram analisadas as concentra??es de metais em amostras de br?nquias e f?gado. Os testes de genotoxicidade com amostras biol?gicas de peixes e humanos mostraram aumentos significantivos nas freq??ncias de MN e NA (p &#8804; 0,05) e s?o indicativos de aumento nos danos ao DNA em rela??o aos grupos controles. Concluindo, os resultados obtidos com as amostras de ?gua e biol?gicas do a?ude de Lucr?cia indicam a presen?a de poluentes qu?micos e microbiol?gicos, e tamb?m aumento do potencial genot?xico na popula??o humana desse munic?pio. Sugerimos a execu??o de tratamento h?drico avan?ado, para prevenir futura degrada??o desse ambiente aqu?tico e redu??o da qualidade de vida. Esta pesquisa de avalia??o da qualidade ambiental foi executada de forma a contemplar uma abordagem multi e interdisciplinar da caracter?stica deste recurso h?drico e os danos genot?xicos que possam induzir nos organismos desta regi?o em estudo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaAG_DISSERT.pdf: 1548086 bytes, checksum: c8d01670d1a770711f3300b93e502612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies that result from partial or total transformation of the blast cells. The Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood, especially in male, Caucasian children younger than 14 years. Several criteria are adopted to classify ALL, including the cell morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis. Cytogenetic studies allow a more detailed analysis to detect chromosomal abnormalities of leukemic cells. These modifications will determine the diagnosis, classification, stage characterization, remission assessment and prognosis. In this study were evaluated 30 patients, aged from four months to seventeen years, of both sexes and various ethnicities. The age distribution showed that 67% of patients had between one and ten years (with mean age of XX years old), the most prevalent ethnic was Caucasian (50%) and 57% were males. According to immunophenotype, 93% of patients had B-cells progenitor ALL and 7% early lineage T. Considering the total studied population, the most frequent medical findings were lymphadenopathy (37%), hepatomegaly (77%) and splenomegaly (70%), where one patient could present more than one of these medical findings. Regarding the CBC, the majority of patients had hemoglobin below 10 g / dl (73%), leukocyte count less than 10.000/&#956;L (60%) and platelet count below 150.000/&#956;L (83%). Chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 64% of all patients, where hyperdiploidy was the most common numerical change (67%), followed by hypodiploid (33%). All these data are in agreement with the literature. Moreover, complexes structural and/or number changes not yet described in literature were observed, which indicated poor prognosis. Finally, we concluded that this study demonstrated the importance of cytogenetic study in the diagnosis and identification of prognostic factors in pediatric patients with ALL in Rio Grande do Norte. The results obtained in this study are extremely useful and emphasizes that surveys of this nature must be conducted more frequently in our state / As leucemias s?o grupos heterog?neos de neoplasias hematol?gicas, que resultam da transforma??o total ou parcial das c?lulas bl?sticas. A Leucemia Linf?ide Aguda (LLA) ? a neoplasia mais comum na inf?ncia, principalmente na popula??o masculina caucasiana menor de 14 anos. V?rios crit?rios podem ser adotados para classificar LLA, dentre eles a morfologia celular, a citoqu?mica, a imunofenotipagem e o estudo citogen?tico. A citogen?tica permite uma an?lise mais detalhada o que possibilita detectar as altera??es cromoss?micas das c?lulas leuc?micas. Estas altera??es ir?o auxiliar no diagn?stico, na classifica??o, na caracteriza??o de diferentes est?gios, na avalia??o da remiss?o e no progn?stico dessas neoplasias. Foram avaliados neste estudo 30 pacientes com idade variando de quatro meses a dezessete anos, de ambos os sexos e de v?rias etnias. A faixa et?ria predominante neste estudo foi de pacientes entre um e dez anos (67%) com m?dia de idade de 7 anos e meio, de etnia caucasiana (50%) e sexo masculino (57%). De acordo com a imunofenotipagem 93% dos pacientes apresentaram LLA de linhagem B precoce e 7% de linhagem T. Considerando a popula??o total estudada, os achados cl?nicos mais freq?entes foram linfoadenopatia (37%), hepatomegalia (77%) e esplenomegalia (70%), podendo, em muitos casos um paciente apresentar mais de um desses achados. Em rela??o ao hemograma, a maioria dos pacientes apresentou hemoglobina abaixo de 10 g/dl (73%), contagem de leuc?citos inferior a 10.000/&#956;L (60%) e contagem de plaquetas abaixo de 150.000/&#956;L (83%). As anormalidades cromoss?micas foram observadas em 64%, dessas a hiperdiploidia foi ? altera??o num?rica mais comum (67%), seguida pela hipodiploidia com 33%. Todos esses dados corroboram com os relatos da literatura. Adicionalmente, foram observadas altera??es estruturais e/ou num?ricas complexas ainda n?o descritas na literatura, as quais indicaram progn?stico desfavor?vel. Conclui-se que a partir deste trabalho foi poss?vel demonstrar a import?ncia do estudo citogen?tico no diagn?stico e na identifica??o de fatores progn?sticos nos pacientes pedi?tricos com LLA do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo s?o de extrema import?ncia e ressaltam que pesquisas desta natureza devem ser realizadas com maior freq??ncia em nosso Estado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizFPN_DISSERT.pdf: 1155478 bytes, checksum: 9e8987b9d6b2c6260ed4b50e8325c276 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-19 / The neoconstitutionalism led to a process of ethical revaluation of the normative systems and the process of constitutionalization of the many fields of law. This study examines the consequences of this process in criminal law, so important a Law field for the protection of the most valuable assets by the society, including the fundamental guarantees, thus emphasizing the necessity of protection of the collective and individual rights, which are guided by the observance of the defendants individual rights in the course of criminal proceedings and the search for the best efficiency of penal protection, according to the corollaries of defense against the state (prohibition of the excess or ?bermassverbot) and the provision of rights by the state (prohibition of insufficient protection or Untermassverbot). The offense of fuel adulteration is taken as an object of study, since it is a vital market to a nation dependent of people and good s movement for their living, driven by fossil and biofuels. Such a crime affects essential legal interests to the development of society, interests such as the environment, consumer relations and economic order, particularly the principle of free competition. This paper seeks to analyze the need of a greater efficiency of this particular criminal protection, once concluded the conduct harm and social fear as a consequence by it as growing, and therefore having its former crime type, engraved in Article 1 of Law No. 8.176/1991, rewritten in compliance with the criminal law s principle of legality. Thus, the reformation proposals and legislative creation involving this crime were observed, with emphasis on the bill No. 2498/2003, which keeps it as blank heterogeneous criminal norm, kind of penal normative whose constitutionality is raised, including the forethought of criminal responsibility in the perpetrating of the offense as culpable and subsequently increasing the applicable minimum penalty, as well as the inclusion of new activities in the typical nucleus / O neoconstitucionalismo levou a um processo de revaloriza??o ?tica dos sistemas normativos e o processo de Constitucionaliza??o dos v?rios ramos do Direito. O presente estudo analisa as conseq??ncias deste processo no Direito Penal, ramo ?ltimo de prote??o dos bens mais valorados pela sociedade, incluindo as garantias fundamentais, destacando a necessidade de prote??o da coletividade e do indiv?duo, o que passa pela observ?ncia das garantias individuais dos acusados no curso do processo penal e pela busca de melhor efici?ncia da prote??o penal, conforme os corol?rios da defesa contra o Estado (proibi??o de excesso ou ?bermassverbot) e a presta??o pelo Estado (proibi??o de infraprote??o ou Untermassverbot). Toma-se por objeto de estudo o delito de adultera??o de combust?veis, os quais comp?em mercado vital para uma na??o dependente do deslocamento de pessoas e mercadorias para sua viv?ncia, impulsionada por combust?veis f?sseis e biocombust?veis. Tal crime atinge bens jur?dicos vitais ao desenvolvimento da sociedade, como o meio ambiente, as rela??es de consumo e a ordem econ?mica, destacando-se o princ?pio da livre concorr?ncia. Busca o presente trabalho analisar a necessidade da maior efici?ncia desta espec?fica prote??o penal, verificada a danosidade da conduta e o temor social por ela despertado, o que passa por uma reformula??o da reda??o do tipo penal insculpido no artigo 1? da Lei n? 8.176/1991, em observ?ncia ao princ?pio da legalidade no Direito Penal. Observam-se assim as propostas de reforma e cria??o legislativa envolvendo este crime, com destaque para o Projeto de Lei n? 2498/2003, que o mant?m como norma penal em branco heterog?nea, esp?cie normativa cuja constitucionalidade ? abordada, e incluindo a previs?o de responsabiliza??o criminal no cometimento do delito na modalidade culposa e majorando a pena m?nima aplic?vel, al?m da inclus?o de novas atividades no n?cleo t?pico