Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoTGA.pdf: 3343340 bytes, checksum: b7d667a5f20a1f26a7371755e94dcc8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte / As a contemporary tendency, it is been evidenced that the environmental changes theme, already admitted as a concernment to international economical and political reality, is also gaining repercussion on industrial and business sector. Firms are implementing actions on trial to minimize their own greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions impacts. However, the great majority of those actions of Corporative Social-Environmental Responsibility (CSR) are referred only to direct emissions of the main production systems. Direct emissions are those derived of an isolate process, without considering the upstream and downstream processes emissions, which respond for the majority of emissions originated because of respective firm‟s production system existence. Because the greenhouse effect occurs globally and the GHG emissions contribute to the environmental changes independently of their origin, it must be taken into account the whole productive life cycle of products and systems, since the energy invested on resources extraction and necessary materials to the final disposal. To do so, it must be investigated all relevant steps of a product/production system life cycle, tracking all activities which emit greenhouse gases, directly or indirectly. This amount of emissions consists in the firm‟s Carbon Footprint. This research purpose is to defend the Carbon Footprint relevance and its adoption viability to be used as an Environmental Indicator on measurement/assessment of CSR. It has been realized a study case on Petrobras‟s seat unity at Natal-Brazil, assessing part of its Carbon Footprint. It has been used the software GEMIS 4.6 to do the emissions quantifying. The items measured were the direct emissions of the own unity vehicles and indirect emissions of offset paper (A4), energy and disposable plastic cups consumed. To 2009, these emissions were 3.811,94 tCO2eq. We may conclude that Carbon Footprint quantification is indispensable to the knowledge of real emissions caused by a productive process existence, must serving as basis to CSR decisions about the environmental changes reversion challenge / Contemporaneamente, se est? constatando que o tema das altera??es clim?ticas, j? integralizado como preocupa??o da realidade pol?tica e econ?mica internacional, vem tamb?m adquirindo abrang?ncia e repercuss?o nos setores industriais e empresariais. As empresas, em seu enquadramento no novo conceito de combate ? mudan?a do clima, t?m adotado algumas medidas na tentativa de minimizar os impactos das suas pr?prias emiss?es de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE). Contudo, a grande maioria das a??es de Responsabilidade Socioambiental Empresarial (RSE) quanto a essa tem?tica referem-se apenas ?s emiss?es diretas dos principais processos produtivos empresariais. As emiss?es diretas s?o aquelas derivadas de um processo isolado, sem considerar os processos upstream e downstream, os quais respondem pela a maior parte das emiss?es derivadas da exist?ncia de uma determinada empresa. Haja vista que o efeito estufa sobrev?m de forma global, e que as emiss?es de GEE contribuem para as mudan?as clim?ticas independentemente de sua origem, deve-se levar em considera??o todo o ciclo de vida produtivo de produtos e processos, desde a energia investida na extra??o da mat?ria-prima e insumos necess?rios at? o descarte final. Para se fazer isso, deve-se esquadrinhar todos os passos relevantes ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto/processo produtivo, rastreando todas as atividades que emitam direta ou indiretamente GEE. O somat?rio dessas consiste justamente na Pegada de Carbono da empresa. A finalidade desse estudo ? defender a relev?ncia da Pegada de Carbono e viabilidade de ado??o desta para ser usada como Indicador de Sustentabilidade na avalia??o/mensura??o da RSE. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso na unidade sede da Petrobras em Natal-RN, avaliando-se parte de sua Pegada de Carbono. Para a quantifica??o das emiss?es, foi utilizado o software GEMIS 4.6. Os itens medidos foram as emiss?es diretas dos ve?culos pr?prios da unidade e emiss?es indiretas do papel offset A4, energia el?trica e copos pl?sticos descart?veis consumidos. Para o exerc?cio de 2009, mensuramos a emiss?o de 3.811,94 tCO2eq. Conclu?mos que a aferi??o da Pegada de Carbono ? imprescind?vel para conhecimento das emiss?es reais causadas pela exist?ncia de um processo produtivo, devendo servir de base para a tomada de decis?es de RSE quanto ao desafio da revers?o das mudan?as clim?ticas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaTSNS_DISSERT.pdf: 1742541 bytes, checksum: 876ff103e594fa7d61ebc99b28b10c2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affected approximately 171 million people in the world in the year 2000 as described by the World Health Organization (WHO). Because DM is a multisystem disease it can cause several complications especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) of the lower limbs and the Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy (DDSP) can affect the DM patient causing consequences as the diabetic foot and eventually amputations. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PAD and sensorial impairment in 73 type 2 DM (DM2) patients and also assess the impact of PAD on quality of life, level of physical activity and body composition. For clinical assessment it was used: the ankle-brachial index (ABI); quantitative sensorial test for tactile sensibility (ST), pain (SD), vibration (SV); Achilles tendon reflex (RA); quality of life questionnaire (SF-36); modified Baecke physical activity questionnaire and bioelectric impedance. Prevalence of PAD in the studied population was 13.7%. ABI was inversely correlated to age (p=0,03; rh?= -0,26), diabetes duration (p=0,02; rh?= -0,28) and blood pressure (p= 0,0007; rh?= -0,33). There were lower scores for physical health summary on the SF-36 in DM2 patients; however, the presence of PAD predominantly mild did not significantly impact quality of life, body composition or physical activity level assessed by questionnaire. Fourteen patients (19.2%) present bilateral and symmetrical alterations in two or more sensorial tests compatible to DPN diagnosis. Abnormalities in ST, SD and SV were present in 27.3%, 24.6% and 8.2%; respectively. There was association of results from ST abnormalities with RA and mainly with SD, suggesting the importance of 10g monofilament use in DM2 routine assessment. In conclusion, the prevalence of PAD in subclinical DM2 was slightly higher compared to the general population and in agreement to previously published data in DM patients. The PAD severity was predominantly mild and still without repercussion on quality of life and body composition. Our study demonstrated a significant prevalence of both PAD and DPN in DM2 without previous diagnosis of these complications and indicates the necessity of early preventive and therapeutic interventions for this population / O diabetes melito (DM) afetava aproximadamente 171 milh?es de pessoas no mundo no ano 2000 segundo dados da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de (OMS). Por ser considerada uma doen?a multissist?mica o DM ? capaz de causar complica??es diversas, principalmente ?quelas relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular. A doen?a arterial obstrutiva perif?rica (DAOP) de membros inferiores (MMII) e a polineuropatia distal diab?tica (PNDD) podem acometer o paciente diab?tico causando consequ?ncias como o p? diab?tico e eventualmente amputa??es. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar a preval?ncia de DAOP e altera??es de sensibilidade em 73 pacientes diab?ticos tipo 2 (DM2) e avaliar o impacto da DAOP na qualidade de vida, n?vel de atividade f?sica e composi??o corporal desses pacientes. Para as avalia??es cl?nicas foram utilizados: o ?ndice tornozelo-braquial (ITB); testes quantitativos de sensibilidade t?til (ST, monofilamento de 10g), dolorosa (SD), vibrat?ria (SV); reflexo aquileu (RA); question?rio de qualidade de vida SF-36; question?rio de atividade f?sica habitual de Baecke e bioimped?ncia el?trica. A preval?ncia de DAOP na popula??o estudada foi de 13,7%. O ITB correlacionou-se inversamente com a idade (p=0,03; rh?= -0,26), tempo de diagn?stico referido (p=0,02; rh?= -0,28) e press?o arterial (p= 0,0007; rh?= -0,33). Foram encontrados piores ?ndices no sum?rio de sa?de f?sica do question?rio SF-36 nos pacientes diab?ticos, no entanto, a presen?a de DAOP, de magnitude predominantemente leve, n?o ocasionou altera??es significativas na qualidade de vida, composi??o corporal ou grau de atividade f?sica avaliado por question?rio. Quatorze pacientes (19,2%) apresentaram altera??es sim?tricas e bilaterais em dois ou mais testes de sensibilidade, compat?veis com o diagn?stico de NDP. Altera??es na ST, SD e SV estavam presentes em 27,3%, 24,6% 8,2% dos pacientes; respectivamente. Houve associa??o estat?stica entre os resultados da ST com o RA e principalmente com SD, denotando a import?ncia e praticidade da utiliza??o do primeiro m?todo na avali??o de rotina no DM2. Em conclus?o, a preval?ncia de DAOP em pacientes DM2 subcl?nicos foi ligeiramente maior que a apresentada na popula??o geral e compat?vel com estudos anteriores em pacientes DM. O grau de DAOP foi predominantemente leve e ainda sem repercuss?es significativas sobre a qualidade de vida ou composi??o corporal. O presente estudo mostrou que existe preval?ncia relevante tanto de DAOP quanto de PNDD em pacientes DM2 sem diagnostico pr?vio dessas comorbidades, demonstrando a necessidade de interven??es preventivas e terap?uticas precoces para a aten??o desta popula??o

The primary outcome of this thesis is found in three contributions. First, we developed an automatic converter from the cube representation of incompletely specified multiple-output Boolean function, given in Espresso format, to VHDL. The converter is designed specifically for updating functions of Feedback Shift Register (FSRs) in the Galois configuration, namely it reads in the description of a combinatorial function and adds register stages to the appropriate positions. The converter can handle both, Linear and Non-Linear feedback Shift Registers. The second contribution is modifying the automatic converter to design a tool which gives the user the opportunity to see the hardware characteristics of its circuit quickly from the espresso format of its design. The third contribution is applying the resulting converter to evaluate the results of the CRC generation algorithm presented in [6]. We computed the hardware characteristics such as area, timing and power dissipation on most popular CRCs in ASIC and FPGA technologies. Furthermore, we introduced a simple interface used to provide the user a good estimation of the power diagram during the executing time which is similar to probing the current of the circuit.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SandraMLB.pdf: 485730 bytes, checksum: 2d9d8cd23c72f730b56737d606b11e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The rapid growth of the Brazilian cities in the latest years has brought a series of problems regarding housing policies and, therefore, the provision of dwellings for the low-income class people. Following the pattern of other capital cities, Natal has repeated the pattern of urbanization practiced in the country, which concentrates the low-income class inhabitants in specific zones of the city known as peripheries or even in a dwelling place for less-favored classes such as Felipe Camar?o, which is one of ten boroughs belonging to the western administrative zone, a region which has historically received less attention from the public administrators towards infrastructure investments. Based on those aspects, the general objective of this work is to investigate which main social-environmental alterations have resulted from the processes of urbanization and field occupation in that area. The specific objectives are concerned with verifying 1) the process of urbanization and the process of dividing urban soil from the 1960s; 2) the current configuration of the public spaces in the borough; 3) the process of the deprivation of the original landscape characteristics of Environmental Protection Zones; 4) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in dune areas; 5) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in mangrove areas; 6) and the destruction of green covering on the land with its consequent alteration of the local floristic pattern. The methodology consisted of in-loco visits; the application of questionnaires as community research; a survey of bibliography published by the organisms and institutions in charge of carrying out the city hall s environmental and housing policies; and descriptive statistics of the collected data. Concerning the pattern of occupation which is predominant in the borough, the treatment of space dispensed by the local dwellers has culminated in the emergence and consolidation of environmental alterations which are clearly different from common occurrence in both the building area represented by housing complexes and in the green areas represented by dunes and mangroves. The data show that there was the predominance of the irregular land occupation process over the official housing policy during the population settlement which contributed with a series of frequent and foreseeable problems in the dynamics of urbanization of poverty such as invasions and appropriations of land parcels, the beginning of irregular arrangement of streets, the formation of villages and slums, which are full of self-constructed housing units, and the occupation and degradation of susceptibly fragile environmental areas such as the dune slopes and the mangroves / O r?pido crescimento das cidades brasileiras nos ?ltimos anos trouxe uma s?rie de problemas relacionados com as pol?ticas de habita??o e conseq?entemente com a provis?o de habita??es para as classes de renda baixa. Seguindo o exemplo de outras capitais, Natal repetiu o modelo de urbaniza??o praticado no pa?s, concentrando as popula??es de baixa renda em zonas espec?ficas da cidade classificadas como periferias, ou lugar de habita??o das classes menos favorecidas como ocorre em Felipe Camar?o, um dos dez bairros que integram a zona administrativa oeste, regi?o que historicamente recebeu pouca aten??o por parte dos poderes p?blicos em termos de investimentos em infra-estrutura. Fundamentados nesses aspectos, o objetivo geral deste trabalho ? averiguar quais as principais altera??es s?cio-ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbaniza??o e ocupa??o na ?rea. Constituem-se os objetivos espec?ficos verificar: o processo de urbaniza??o e parcelamento do solo a partir de 1960; a configura??o atual dos espa?os p?blicos do bairro; o processo de descaracteriza??o das Zonas de Prote??o Ambiental; as din?micas de ocupa??o predominantes nas ?reas de dunas e de manguezal e a destrui??o da cobertura vegetal com conseq?ente altera??o do padr?o flor?stico local. A metodologia compreendeu: 1) visitas a campo; 2) aplica??o de question?rios pesquisa comunit?ria; 3) levantamento da bibliografia publicada pelos ?rg?os e institui??es encarregados de executar as pol?ticas de meio ambiente e habita??o no munic?pio; e 4) estat?stica descritiva dos dados coletados. No que se refere ao modelo de ocupa??o predominante no bairro, constatou-se que o tratamento dispensado pelos moradores ao espa?o culminou com o aparecimento e consolida??o de altera??es ambientais distintas de comum ocorr?ncia na ?rea edificada representada pelos conjuntos habitacionais e nas ?reas verdes representadas respectivamente pelas dunas e pelo mangue. Os dados demonstram que durante o povoamento, houve predomin?ncia do processo de ocupa??o irregular sobre a pol?tica oficial de habita??o, colaborando com uma s?rie de problemas freq?entes e previs?veis nas din?micas de urbaniza??o da pobreza como: invas?es e apropria??es de lotes; abertura de arruamentos irregulares; forma??o de vilas e favelas, repletas de unidades habitacionais auto-constru?das e ocupa??o e degrada??o de ?reas de fragilidade ambiental, como as encostas de dunas e os manguezais

This thesis deals with design and implementation of digital beamformer for 3D radar. The text of this thesis contains derivation of beamforming algorithm and detailed description of it’s implementation on development kit with Cyclone V circuit. At the end of the thesis the beamformer design is verified and it’s further usage is discused.