Univ., Diss.--Göttingen, 1996.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Mauricio Costa.pdf: 464985 bytes, checksum: 3bd596de47e821228741409722fcdb48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Accepting the countries to harmonize international accounting standards with IFRS, it changed the way of calculating the results of corporations worldwide. The convergence process transcended the accounting technical limits and required the companies, changes and adaptations that somehow changed the structure of the business and often the business management. The objective of this study is to analyze the changes and adaptations that have occurred in ADR issuers in the IFRS implementation process, identifying the financial, cultural and behavioral technical impacts in these companies. The search strategy was conducted by a multiple case study which analyzed in depth, four large corporations that are part of the ADR issuance program on the New York Stock Exchange and which went through the process of alignment with the international accounting standards. To this end, interviews were used, document analysis and participant observation was found that the process of convergence to IFRS improved the quality in the calculation of the results of companies and facilitated the comparison of the results with competitors. Existing systems before harmonization were adapted to receive the new accounting model. It was noticed also better positioning the counter on the companies command structure and an improved understanding of the importance of accounting for other areas of the companies, being supported by the employees of behavior change at all levels of the companies with greater interaction the departments. However there were no significant changes in the culture of corporations with the accounting harmonization process. Finally, in future studies it is recommended that a new search will be made to update the data and perception of cultural changes that take longer to happen / A aceitação dos países para a harmonização das normas contábeis internacionais com o padrão IFRS mudou a forma de apuração dos resultados das corporações em âmbito mundial. O processo de convergência transcendeu os limites técnicos contábeis e exigiu das empresas mudanças e adaptações que, de certa forma, modificaram a estrutura dos negócios e muitas vezes a gestão empresarial. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar as mudanças e adaptações ocorridas nas empresas emissoras de ADR no processo de implementação do IFRS, identificando os impactos técnicos contábeis, culturais e comportamentais nessas empresas. A estratégia de pesquisa foi conduzida por um estudo de caso múltiplo no qual foram analisadas, em profundidade, quatro grandes corporações que integram o programa de emissão de ADR na bolsa de Nova Iorque e que passaram pelo processo de harmonização com as normas internacionais de contabilidade. Para esse objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas, análise documental e observações participantes. Foi possível constatar que o processo de convergência ao IFRS melhorou a qualidade na apuração dos resultados das empresas e facilitou a comparação dos resultados com os concorrentes. Os sistemas existentes antes da harmonização sofreram adaptações para receber o novo modelo contábil. Percebeu-se, também um melhor posicionamento do Contador na estrutura de comando das empresas e um aprimoramento no entendimento da importância da contabilidade por outras áreas das companhias, sendo respaldado pela mudança de comportamento dos colaboradores em todos os níveis das empresas com uma maior interação entre os departamentos. Contudo, não foram encontradas mudanças expressivas na cultura das corporações a partir do processo de harmonização contábil. Por fim, para estudos futuros recomenda-se a elaboração de uma nova pesquisa para atualizar os dados e perceber as mudanças culturais que demandam mais tempo para ser implantadas

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-09T18:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, estudar os efeitos da convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS), da cobertura de analistas financeiros e da emissão de American Depositary Receipts - ADR, sobre o disclosure voluntário das empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Partindo-se da análise de 14 trabalhos acadêmicos, desenvolveu-se um índice de disclosure voluntário contendo um total de 38 itens, sendo 25 itens de natureza financeira, econômica e organizacional e 13 itens de natureza social e ambiental. O check list do índice desenvolvido foi aplicado sobre 1.406 documentos (notas explicativas e relatórios da administração, contendo 58,2 mil páginas), de uma amostra com 703 observações - ano, obtidas durante os anos de 2006 a 2013. Utilizando-se do teste de Wilcoxon, os resultados apontam incrementos estatisticamente significantes nos níveis de disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil, sendo mais significativos elementos de natureza econômica, financeira e organizacional do que os de natureza social e ambiental. Utilizando-se de modelos OLS robustos, aplicados sobre dados em painel desbalanceado, os resultados dos testes econométricos confirmaram parcialmente a hipótese de que o padrão IFRS contribuiu no desenvolvimento do disclosure voluntário das empresas com maior acompanhamento de analistas financeiros, porém, significativamente para as empresas que emitiram American Depositary Receipts (ADR) durante o período de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade. Os resultados são robustos e significativos quando controlados por variáveis representativas do tamanho (TAM), da rentabilidade (RENT), do endividamento (ALAV) e de auditoria de uma big – four (AUDI) como determinantes do disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil. / We aim in this paper to study the effects of the International Account Standards, the cover of financial analysts and the emission of American Depositary Receipts (ADR), on the voluntary disclosure of BM&FBOVESPA companies, during the period of convergence to IFRS standards. From the analyses of 14 papers, we developed a check list with 38 items of voluntary disclosure, being 25 financial, economic and organizational items and 13 environmental and social items. The developed check list was applied to 1,406 documents (foot notes and director’s reports, with 58.2 thousand pages) of a sample of 703 firm–year observations, between 2006 and 2013. By using Wilcoxon test, the results show significant augmentation in the voluntary disclosure levels during the period of IFRS adoption in Brazil, being economic, financial and organizational elements more significant than social and environmental elements. By using robust OLS models for unbalanced panel data, the results for the econometric tests partially confirmed the hypothesis that IFRS has contributed for the development of voluntary disclosure of firms with higher financial analysts’ coverage. Besides, we found significant evidence that firms which emitted ADRs has enhanced their levels of voluntary disclosure during the convergence period to IFRS. The results are robust and significant when controlled by size (TAM), profitability (RENT), leverage (ALAV) and being audited by a Big Four company (AUDI) as determinants of voluntary disclosure over the period of convergence to IFRS.

【第一篇論文中文摘要】 本文使用路透社央行干預匯市的新聞報導，探討哪些因素可以提高亞洲央行成功干預匯市的機率，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月。此研究期間涵蓋全球金融風暴和美國採行量化寬鬆政策，因此，亞洲貨幣在逐步對美元升值後發生大幅度的貶值。研究結果顯示印尼、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡、台灣及泰國的央行採取逆風而行的策略是有效的干預方式，而且多個國家在同日干預匯市及第一日的干預會有較高成功的機率。 【第二篇論文中文摘要】 本文透過不同的研究方法針對亞洲國家央行干預匯率市場的有效性再次驗證，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月，實證結果顯示亞洲國家在次貸風暴期間面臨美元升值的壓力，央行會採取賣美元的方式來干預匯市，但是這種干預匯市的方式卻僅能減緩美元升值的趨勢，其中以印尼盾、新加坡元、新台幣紛紛對美元貶值較為明顯，而在次貸風暴發生之後，美國實施量化寬鬆政策造成亞洲國家卻面臨美元貶值的壓力，各國央行改採買美元的方式來干預匯市，但是此種干預匯市的方式也只造成美元緩慢貶值的趨勢，其中印尼盾、馬來西亞令吉、新加坡元、韓圜、泰銖分別對美元升值的趨勢較為明顯，此現象反應亞洲央行干預匯市是採取逆風而行的策略，雖然能降低匯率的波動，但無法改變匯率的升貶值趨勢。 【第三篇論文中文摘要】 本研究是在探討印度、印尼、南韓、馬來西亞、新加坡、泰國及台灣央行透過干預匯率市場，對其國家的公司在美國發行存託憑證折溢價的影響，研究期間為2005年1月至2011年4月。研究結果顯示央行對匯市干預造成的變動，確實會影響到該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生折價的情形。另外，亞洲央行使用買美元干預匯市的作法會對該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生溢價，而央行透過賣美元干預匯市的作法會對該國公司在美國發行的存託憑證產生折價的影響，但是由於樣本資料的限制，其效果在統計上並不顯著。由公司層面的分析可以看出央行透過賣美元來干預匯市對其國家的公司在美國發行的存託憑證會有明顯產生折價的影響。 / 【第一篇論文英文摘要】 Using Reuters’ news reports on central bank interventions, we investigate the factors that increase the odds of intervention success by Asian central banks in the foreign exchange market from January 2005 to April 2011. This period coincides with the global credit crisis and quantitative easing policy, which have engendered a sharp depreciation followed by a gradual appreciation of Asian currencies. The results show that leaning-against-the-wind intervention strategies are effective in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. We also find that joint and first day interventions are associated with higher odds of effective intervention. 【第二篇論文英文摘要】 This paper examines the effectiveness of central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market from January 2005 to April 2011 in Asia. The results show that the central banks in Asia intervene in the foreign exchange markets by selling U.S. dollars to prevent severe depreciation of local currencies during the global credit crisis. However, central bankers can only slow down the trend of depreciation of local currencies against U.S. dollar. The currencies apparently depreciate against U.S. dollar in Indonesia, Singapore, and Taiwan. After the global credit crisis, Asian countries confront appreciations of local currencies due to the US quantitative easing policy. The central banks in Asia intervene by purchasing U.S. dollars in the foreign exchange market. Nevertheless, intervention strategies slowly reduce U.S. dollar depreciations. The foreign exchange rate apparently appreciate against U.S. dollar in India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. Results show that Asian central banks adopt leaning-against-the-wind intervention strategies during the sample period. Their interventions in the foreign exchange market can only reduce fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate, but fail to reverse the trend of Asian exchange rates. 【第三篇論文英文摘要】 This paper examines whether Asian central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market affect the discount or premium of American Depositary Receipt (ADR) of Asian companies from January 2005 to April 2011. The sample consists of companies from Indian, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore. Empirical results show that central bank interventions increase ADR discounts of companies in Asian countries. In addition, interventions by purchasing U.S. dollars result in higher ADR premiums, and the strategies of selling U.S. dollars affect ADR discounts. Though some of the empirical results are not statistically significant due to limited sample size, results based on individual firms show that selling USD interventions by Asian central banks have a significant impact on their ADR discounts.