Este estudo de caso buscou caracterizar a clientela de camadas populares e médias de um serviço de saúde \"alternativo\", com uma proposta de parto ambulatorial realizado fora do hospital, assistido por obstetrizes. Seu objetivo principal foi o de compreender a forma como ambas as clientelas conheceram e passaram a freqüentar esse serviço e os motivos que as levaram a fazerem essa opção, buscando reconhecer semelhanças e diferenças entre elas. O serviço em estudo foi o ambulatório e a Casa de Parto da Associação Comunitária Monte Azul - ACOMA, associação antroposófica que tinha, por objetivo, prestar serviços de saúde, prioritariamente, a moradores de duas favelas e do bairro em que se situa. A análise parte de uma abordagem antropológica, na qual a parturição é vista como uma arena, em que concepções e práticas conflitantes e competitivas se confrontam e se articulam. Foram utilizados métodos e técnicas qualitativos e quantitativos. A realização de entrevistas semi-abertas, visando a apreender as narrativas dos sujeitos acerca de suas vivências de gestação e parto, ao lado da observação participante de consultas de pré-natal e parto foram os principais instrumentos da análise qualitativa empreendida. Foi usada metodologia quantitativa para caracterizar o cenário da investigação, em que se procurou traçar o perfil sócio-epidemiológico de 564 mulheres atendidas nesse serviço, no período entre abril de 1995 e março de 1998, e de seus recém- nascidos, a partir das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos. Os resultados do levantamento sócioepidemiológico indicam que a maioria de sua clientela (77,2%) reside fora da área de abrangência prioritária da ACOMA. Por outro lado, a grande maioria dessas mulheres (93,5%) pertence aos estratos mais pobres da população do Município de São Paulo. As maneiras pelas quais a clientela soube da existência desse serviço e padrões de freqüência ao pré-natal são descritas e analisadas, quantitativa e qualitativamente, apontando para continuidades e descontinuidades entre a clientela \"particular\" e de \"usuárias\". Destaca-se que, para muitas \"usuárias\", a ACOMA era o serviço de prénatal mais freqüentado na gestação, e 44,2% dessas, deram à luz no mesmo serviço. A tendência predominante entre as \"clientes particulares\", por outro lado, era a de realizarem o pré-natal, simultaneamente, nesse e em outro serviço, pois procuravam a ACOMA, com a intenção de evitarem um parto hospitalar e de conferirem a proposta de parto do mesmo. As razões apresentadas e que levaram à escolha desse serviço para realizarem o parto foram múltiplas e complexas e acompanhadas de constrangimentos de ordem sócio-econômica e cultural. Entre elas, destacaram-se, o relacionamento com profissionais de saúde, a percepção de riscos em relação ao parto e a possibilidade de contar com acompanhantes de sua escolha, no momento do parto. Entre as \"usuárias\", o maior temor em relação ao parto hospitalar era o de não ter acesso a um leito, na hora necessária, e, entre as \"clientes particulares\", temia-se a cesárea desnecessária. Questões que se colocaram e que merecem ser aprofundadas referem-se a certas noções e valores em relação à sexualidade e à maternidade e sua associação com noções de \"modernidade\" em relação à família e ao parto, bem como sobre o processo de constituição da autoridade cultural e social de profissionais de saúde. / This study describes some of the characteristics of lower and middle class clients of an \"alternative\" health care center in which midwives were assigned to maternity care in an out clinic. It\'s primary objective was to understand how clients became familiar with the proposal; the patterns of attendance; why they chose this form of maternity care in a context where hospital birth is predominant, and whether there were significant differences in these patterns according to social class. This study was conducted at the Monte Azul Clinic and Birth Center, administrated by the Monte Azul Community Association (ACOMA). The latter is an anthroposophical association, whose basic objective is to attend to demands of the inhabitants of two shanty towns and the surrounding neighborhood. An anthropological approach in which birth is viewed as an arena where conflicting and competitve concepts and pratices are articulated and confront themselves is adopted in analysis. Qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques were employed. Interviews focused on the experiences with respect to pregnancy and birthing among the subjects of this study. Participant observation of pre-natal consultations and of childbirths were also conducted. In order to characterize the context of the field of research, quantitative methodology was employed. A social and epidemiological profile was constructed of the 564 women (as well as their newborns) who gave birth between April 1995 and March 1998, receiving maternity care from midwives working at the Clinic and Birth Center during this period. For this purpose data was collected from the Declaração de Nascidos Vivos - Live Birth Form, a document from the Ministry of Health, filled out at birth by the birth attendant which records data concerning live births. Results indicate that the majority of it\'s clients (77,2%) did not live within the association\'s \"target\" community. On the other hand, data indicates that the majority of women attended (93,5%) belonged to the poorest segments of the population of Sao Paulo City. How clients were informed about the existence of this Clinic and Birth Center as well as patterns of attendance are described and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Continuities and discontinuities with respect to these patterns among the Clinic\'s clients and the midwives\' private clients are described and analyzed. Many of the Clinic\'s clients, recurred to this service predominantly for their prenatal checkups and 44,2% of these women recurred to the midwives\' assistance for maternity care. Among the midwives\' private patients, on the other hand, the predominant tendency was to do prenatal checkups simultaneously at the clinic and at other clinics where they were attended by obstetricians. The latter wanted to avoid hospital maternity care and attended prenatal checkups so as to confer and perhaps adhere to the midwives\' proposal of maternity care. Reasons presented with respect to choice of care in childbirth are multiple and complex, involving social, economic and cultural constraints. Among the reasons referred to in the interviews, the most recurrent were the quality of the relationship established with the health professionals; perception of risks with respect to childbirth; and the possibility of having support persons of their choice present during labour and childbirth. Among the clinic\'s clients, the fear of not gaining access to a hospital bed in due time was their major concern with respect to hospital maternity care. Among the midwives\' private patients, the fear of being submitted to a unnecessary cesarean section was a major concern with respect to hospital maternity care. Themes which emerged in this study and require further research include notions of \'modernity\' and their association to concepts and values concerning sexuality and maternity as well as questions related to the construction of cultural and social authority.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Shiow Shyan Shu.pdf: 746686 bytes, checksum: f7b6b31fbff827f6dd6504f307a71b1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the contemporary international system, this study aims to examine China s international engagement process by analyzing the importance of domestic factors and external factor in China foreign policy. The changes in China have transformed every aspect of its relationship with the outside world. Regarding to the domestic factors, they are mainly concentrated on Chinese interests which is its development. In the other hand, the external factors are basically concentrated on the relations among China and USA. This issue is followed by a discussion of the implications of United States in China s international engagement. As part of this study, it s aimed to examine the main adaptations of American Foreign Policy in post Cold War. American policy must display a sense of priorities which is keeping its role as the most powerful actor in the international order. Furthermore, as part of its strategy, the United States will address efforts to handle a workable and sustainable foreign policy with China. China is increasingly shaping international relations by its new role in the world and its rise. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the process of China s international engagement in the post Cold War era / Tomando por base a ordem internacional contemporânea, o presente trabalho aborda o processo de inserção internacional da China, buscando compreender a importância de estudar o peso dos fatores internos e externos na articulação de sua identidade externa. Numa perspectiva histórica, analisa-se o processo de definição da política externa chinesa e as suas peculiaridades que cristalizaram na sua configuração contemporânea. No campo dos fatores internos, estão compilados os interesses domésticos da China que reside na manutenção do desenvolvimento do país. Já no plano dos fatores externos, as relações sino-americanas desempenham uma importante importância no processo de inserção internacional da China. Em paralelo, busca-se compreender as adaptações da política externa norte-americana no pós Guerra Fria. O processo de inserção internacional da China é o tema central deste trabalho no qual se aborda a perspectiva de aprofundar a sua inserção na ordem global e a importância que hoje o país representa no reordenamento das relações internacionais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luara Landulpho Alves Lopes.pdf: 1188252 bytes, checksum: 5f8ae46e5257084af7ad8efcc1ae5f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-23 / At the end of the 1970s, the First United Nations Conference on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries, held in Buenos Aires, has given visibility to the debate on new cooperation arrangements. The meeting in Buenos Aires, albeit limited, served to systematize the discourse on TCDC, and also contributed to suggest a different conception of international cooperation. Thus, the dissertation aims to raise the terms of the contemporary debate on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) and locate the United States - more specifically, the Brazilian Cooperation Agency - in this debate. We defend the idea according to which Brazil has contributed, through its activity of TCDC, with the horizontalisation of cooperation discourse and practice. That is, we believe that the performance of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency carrying out projects and participating in international forums regarding TCDC has helped to spread a more balanced conception of international cooperation, in contrast to the predominant design in traditional arrangements, North x South, of international aid / No final da década de 1970, a Primeira Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento, realizada em Buenos Aires, conferiu visibilidade ao debate sobre os novos arranjos de cooperação. O encontro em Buenos Aires serviu para sistematizar, ainda que de forma limitada, o discurso sobre CTPD, e contribuiu também para sugerir uma concepção diferente de cooperação internacional. Assim, a monografia tem como objetivo levantar os termos do debate contemporâneo sobre Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CTPD) e localizar o Brasil mais especificamente, a Agência Brasileira de Cooperação nesse debate. Defendemos a idéia segundo a qual o Brasil tem contribuído, através da sua atividade de CTPD, com a horizontalização do discurso sobre cooperação. Ou seja, acreditamos que a atuação da ABC em projetos e fóruns internacionais sobre CTPD tenha ajudado a difundir uma concepção mais simétrica de cooperação internacional, contrastando com a concepção predominante nos arranjos tradicionais, Norte x Sul, de ajuda internacional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ailton Santos Vieira.pdf: 1270769 bytes, checksum: 09f2876eaae9d3c69788424d7cd0b2be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / The empirical research presented here aimed to investigate and describe the school supervisor s performance of the public teaching system of the city of São Paulo. We attempted to identify this supervisor s performance profile and how this work is acknowledged by different school professionals, establishing a parallel between: the supervision performance proposed in the legal documents, the supervision performance put into practice in the supervisor s view and in the perception of the professionals who work with him, and the desired supervision performance described in the theoretical studies. The leading issues of this research attempted to identify: how the school supervisor who work in an intermediate organ of the school system the Regional Bureau of Education directly entails his action to the work developed in the schools, how this school supervisor s performance has occurred in the schools, the school supervisor s daily actions in the city public school system, his contribution concerning the works and projects developed by the schools, and how it is related to the promotion of opportunities of teaching formation in the school. The research assumed that the main role of the school supervisor from the public school system of the city of São Paulo to supervise, follow and bureaucratically and pedagogically assist the school, as well as to contribute to the formation of technical personnel and teaching professionals of the schools has not been fully accomplished, especially the pedagogical and formation actions, because of determinant factors of the structure of the teaching system operation, or because of unknowing or misunderstanding the function of the supervision performance by the supervisors or professionals of the schools which were target of their performance. This is an analytical and descriptive study of the performance of the school supervisor from the public school system of the city of São Paulo, according to the view of the supervisors and the professionals who work in the schools: principals, pedagogical coordinators and teachers. The data was collected from 2007 to 2008, based on the analysis of official documents, as well as on interviews with 06 teaching supervisors, and the application of questionnaires to 12 professionals from the technical team (school principals and pedagogical coordinators) and to 18 teachers from 06 school units placed in 02 different Bureaus of Education of the city of São Paulo. The research was accomplished with the theoretical support of authors like Gimeno Sacristán and Pérez Gómez, based on M. Weber s perspective. The results obtained allow affirming that the bureaucratic performance prevails in the relationships between supervisors and school agents, although school agents and supervisors affirm the need of a supervision performance facing the pedagogical actions. This ambivalence or duplicity of the school supervisor s role or attributions, which makes him a system agent and school s partner and advisor simultaneously, is present: in the reflection and academic studies, in the legal texts, in the history of this function within the school system, and in the opinions expressed by the supervisors, principals, coordinators and teachers researched / A pesquisa empírica aqui apresentada teve por objetivo investigar e descrever a atuação do supervisor escolar da rede municipal de São Paulo. Procurou-se identificar qual tem sido o perfil de ação deste supervisor e como esse trabalho é percebido pelos diferentes profissionais da unidade escolar, estabelecendo-se um paralelo entre: a ação supervisora proposta nos documentos legais, a ação supervisora efetivada na visão do próprio supervisor e na percepção dos profissionais com os quais atua, e a ação supervisora considerada desejável descrita nos estudos teóricos. As questões norteadoras da pesquisa buscaram identificar: como o supervisor escolar, que se encontra lotado em um órgão intermediário do sistema escolar a Diretoria Regional de Educação tem sua ação vinculada diretamente ao trabalho desenvolvido pelas escolas, como vem ocorrendo essa atuação do supervisor escolar nas unidades escolares, quais as ações cotidianas do supervisor escolar na rede pública municipal, qual sua contribuição em relação aos trabalhos e projetos desenvolvidos pelas escolas e de que forma isso se relaciona à promoção de oportunidades de formação docente na escola. A pesquisa partiu da hipótese de que o papel primordial do supervisor escolar da rede municipal de São Paulo supervisionar, acompanhar e assessorar burocrática e pedagogicamente a escola, bem como contribuir com a formação do pessoal técnico e docente atuante nas escolas não tem sido plenamente realizado, especialmente as ações de cunho pedagógico e de formação, seja em função de fatores determinantes oriundos da estrutura do próprio funcionamento do sistema de ensino, seja em função do desconhecimento ou da incompreensão da função da ação supervisora pelos supervisores e pelos profissionais das unidades escolares alvos de sua atuação. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e analítico da ação do supervisor escolar da rede municipal de São Paulo, na visão dos próprios supervisores e dos profissionais que atuam nas escolas: diretores, coordenadores pedagógicos e professores. Os dados foram coletados no período 2007-2008, com base em análise de documentos oficiais, bem como a partir de entrevistas com 06 supervisores escolares e de aplicação de questionários a 12 profissionais da equipe técnica (diretores de escola e coordenadores pedagógicos) e 18 professores de 06 unidades escolares situadas em 02 Diretorias de Educação do município de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada com o apoio teórico de autores como Gimeno Sacristán e Pérez Gómez, tendo por base a perspectiva de M. Weber. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que, nas relações entre supervisores e agentes escolares predominam as ações de cunho burocrático, muito embora agentes escolares e supervisores afirmem a necessidade de uma ação supervisora mais voltada às ações pedagógicas. Essa ambivalência ou duplicidade do papel e atribuições do supervisor escolar, que o torna, ao mesmo tempo, agente do sistema e parceiro e assessor da escola , está presente: nas reflexões e estudos acadêmicos, nos textos legais, na própria história dessa função dentro do sistema escolar e nas visões expressas por supervisores, diretores, coordenadores e professores pesquisados

The thesis deals with the possibilities of developing emergent literacy, especially story comprehension, with preschool children using selected methods of critical thinking. The theoretical part is devoted to the ways of developing passion for reading and reading literacy in preschool education, it pursues the possibilities of using some of the methods of the RWCT programme (Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking) in working with books in the educational process of the kindergarten. It further describes the development of chidren of preschool age and reading strategies that can already be cultivated at this age. The practical part describes the project Working with Jiří Stránský's book Tales for little Clara that is based on didactic application of its texts intended for preschoolers. The project makes use of selected methods of the RWCT programme. Research using the method of structured interview finds out how methods of critical thinking can influence story comprehension among five-year-old children. It evaluates and interprets the findings from the beginning and the end of the project implementation, compares the determined levels of story comprehension in a group of girls and in a group of boys. The outcomes of the research show a considerable improvement of comprehension following the...

Este estudo de caso buscou caracterizar a clientela de camadas populares e médias de um serviço de saúde \"alternativo\", com uma proposta de parto ambulatorial realizado fora do hospital, assistido por obstetrizes. Seu objetivo principal foi o de compreender a forma como ambas as clientelas conheceram e passaram a freqüentar esse serviço e os motivos que as levaram a fazerem essa opção, buscando reconhecer semelhanças e diferenças entre elas. O serviço em estudo foi o ambulatório e a Casa de Parto da Associação Comunitária Monte Azul - ACOMA, associação antroposófica que tinha, por objetivo, prestar serviços de saúde, prioritariamente, a moradores de duas favelas e do bairro em que se situa. A análise parte de uma abordagem antropológica, na qual a parturição é vista como uma arena, em que concepções e práticas conflitantes e competitivas se confrontam e se articulam. Foram utilizados métodos e técnicas qualitativos e quantitativos. A realização de entrevistas semi-abertas, visando a apreender as narrativas dos sujeitos acerca de suas vivências de gestação e parto, ao lado da observação participante de consultas de pré-natal e parto foram os principais instrumentos da análise qualitativa empreendida. Foi usada metodologia quantitativa para caracterizar o cenário da investigação, em que se procurou traçar o perfil sócio-epidemiológico de 564 mulheres atendidas nesse serviço, no período entre abril de 1995 e março de 1998, e de seus recém- nascidos, a partir das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos. Os resultados do levantamento sócioepidemiológico indicam que a maioria de sua clientela (77,2%) reside fora da área de abrangência prioritária da ACOMA. Por outro lado, a grande maioria dessas mulheres (93,5%) pertence aos estratos mais pobres da população do Município de São Paulo. As maneiras pelas quais a clientela soube da existência desse serviço e padrões de freqüência ao pré-natal são descritas e analisadas, quantitativa e qualitativamente, apontando para continuidades e descontinuidades entre a clientela \"particular\" e de \"usuárias\". Destaca-se que, para muitas \"usuárias\", a ACOMA era o serviço de prénatal mais freqüentado na gestação, e 44,2% dessas, deram à luz no mesmo serviço. A tendência predominante entre as \"clientes particulares\", por outro lado, era a de realizarem o pré-natal, simultaneamente, nesse e em outro serviço, pois procuravam a ACOMA, com a intenção de evitarem um parto hospitalar e de conferirem a proposta de parto do mesmo. As razões apresentadas e que levaram à escolha desse serviço para realizarem o parto foram múltiplas e complexas e acompanhadas de constrangimentos de ordem sócio-econômica e cultural. Entre elas, destacaram-se, o relacionamento com profissionais de saúde, a percepção de riscos em relação ao parto e a possibilidade de contar com acompanhantes de sua escolha, no momento do parto. Entre as \"usuárias\", o maior temor em relação ao parto hospitalar era o de não ter acesso a um leito, na hora necessária, e, entre as \"clientes particulares\", temia-se a cesárea desnecessária. Questões que se colocaram e que merecem ser aprofundadas referem-se a certas noções e valores em relação à sexualidade e à maternidade e sua associação com noções de \"modernidade\" em relação à família e ao parto, bem como sobre o processo de constituição da autoridade cultural e social de profissionais de saúde. / This study describes some of the characteristics of lower and middle class clients of an \"alternative\" health care center in which midwives were assigned to maternity care in an out clinic. It\'s primary objective was to understand how clients became familiar with the proposal; the patterns of attendance; why they chose this form of maternity care in a context where hospital birth is predominant, and whether there were significant differences in these patterns according to social class. This study was conducted at the Monte Azul Clinic and Birth Center, administrated by the Monte Azul Community Association (ACOMA). The latter is an anthroposophical association, whose basic objective is to attend to demands of the inhabitants of two shanty towns and the surrounding neighborhood. An anthropological approach in which birth is viewed as an arena where conflicting and competitve concepts and pratices are articulated and confront themselves is adopted in analysis. Qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques were employed. Interviews focused on the experiences with respect to pregnancy and birthing among the subjects of this study. Participant observation of pre-natal consultations and of childbirths were also conducted. In order to characterize the context of the field of research, quantitative methodology was employed. A social and epidemiological profile was constructed of the 564 women (as well as their newborns) who gave birth between April 1995 and March 1998, receiving maternity care from midwives working at the Clinic and Birth Center during this period. For this purpose data was collected from the Declaração de Nascidos Vivos - Live Birth Form, a document from the Ministry of Health, filled out at birth by the birth attendant which records data concerning live births. Results indicate that the majority of it\'s clients (77,2%) did not live within the association\'s \"target\" community. On the other hand, data indicates that the majority of women attended (93,5%) belonged to the poorest segments of the population of Sao Paulo City. How clients were informed about the existence of this Clinic and Birth Center as well as patterns of attendance are described and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Continuities and discontinuities with respect to these patterns among the Clinic\'s clients and the midwives\' private clients are described and analyzed. Many of the Clinic\'s clients, recurred to this service predominantly for their prenatal checkups and 44,2% of these women recurred to the midwives\' assistance for maternity care. Among the midwives\' private patients, on the other hand, the predominant tendency was to do prenatal checkups simultaneously at the clinic and at other clinics where they were attended by obstetricians. The latter wanted to avoid hospital maternity care and attended prenatal checkups so as to confer and perhaps adhere to the midwives\' proposal of maternity care. Reasons presented with respect to choice of care in childbirth are multiple and complex, involving social, economic and cultural constraints. Among the reasons referred to in the interviews, the most recurrent were the quality of the relationship established with the health professionals; perception of risks with respect to childbirth; and the possibility of having support persons of their choice present during labour and childbirth. Among the clinic\'s clients, the fear of not gaining access to a hospital bed in due time was their major concern with respect to hospital maternity care. Among the midwives\' private patients, the fear of being submitted to a unnecessary cesarean section was a major concern with respect to hospital maternity care. Themes which emerged in this study and require further research include notions of \'modernity\' and their association to concepts and values concerning sexuality and maternity as well as questions related to the construction of cultural and social authority.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this thesis is to show the company the importance and the necessity of the maintenance, trough highlighting its role and impact on company’s profitability and competitiveness, and that’s happened within the analysing of the plant to figure out the failures and short stoppages, find out the causes behind them, convert them into money and the last step is to find out the most suitable and cost effective maintenance strategy based on some important factors such as economy, and quality to probably eliminate or reduce the number of failures and short stoppages. According to the analysis, capacity verifying data collection which the company has done during a random working daily shift and a technical faults list about the possibly failures and short stoppages which occur during the operation, it shows that there are some downtime due to management, operation and logistic, but the main focus was on the technical faults which has correlation with maintenance. In the result it shows which technical and mechanical problems the machines usually faces, the causes behind them, how much it cost the company when they breaks down and finally some suggestions and recommendations about how these problems can probably be solved based on economy and quality.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med denna rapport är att visa hur viktigt och nödvändigt det är med att underhålla företagens maskiner och utrustningar, därför att det har stor påverkan på företagens lönsamhet och konkurrens och det skedde genom att analysera företagens produktions process, lista ut haverier och avbrott, hitta orsakerna som ligger bakom det, konvertera det till pengar och försöka lösa problemen genom att hitta den mesta lämpligaste underhåll strategi baserande på ekonomi och kvalitet. Enligt analysen som utfördes genom studiet, kapacitet verifiering data insamlingen som företaget gjorde under en slumpmässig arbetsdag skift och ett tekniskt fel lisat på eventuella avbrott och haverier. Det visade sig att det finns vissa stopp tider som har samband med management, operation, och logistik, men uppgiften är mer fokuserad på de tekniska problemen som har samband med underhåll. I resultatet ser man vilka tekniska och mekaniska problem som brukar angripa maskinerna, orsakerna som ligger bakom de, hur mycket det kostar företaget för varje maskin när den är ur funktionen, samt några förslag på eventuella lösningar och rekommendationer baserande på ekonomi och kvalitet.</p>

Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η εξέταση του δικτύου των σχέσεων, οι οποίες αναπτύσσονται εντός των σοφιστικών και φιλοσοφικών κύκλων που παρουσιάζονται σε δύο βιογραφικά corpora, στους Βίους Σοφιστῶν του Φιλοστράτου και στους Βίους Φιλοσόφων καὶ Σοφιστῶν του Ευναπίου, καθώς και του κεντρικού ρόλου που διαδραμάτισαν οι σχέσεις αυτές (κυρίως η σχέση δασκάλου και μαθητή) στη συγκρότηση των δύο συλλογών. Η μελέτη του δικτύου αυτών των σχέσεων στοχεύει στην ανάδειξη της μοναδικότητας των δύο συλλογών από άποψη δομής, η οποία καταδεικνύεται, επί παραδείγματι, από την ένταξη ορισμένων σοφιστών ή φιλοσόφων και τον αποκλεισμό άλλων. Ταυτόχρονα, διερευνάται πώς αυτές οι σχέσεις λειτουργούν ως μια βασική οργανωτική αρχή των Βίων και μας επιτρέπουν να διαμορφώσουμε μια σαφέστερη εικόνα για τη σοφιστική/φιλοσοφική ταυτότητα κατά την ελληνορωμαϊκή αυτοκρατορική περίοδο. Το πλέγμα σχέσεων που διαμορφώνεται ανάμεσα στους σοφιστές και τους φιλοσόφους, καθώς και ο τρόπος ταξινόμησής τους στα δύο βιογραφικά corpora μας επιτρέπουν να αναγνώσουμε τις συλλογές ως ρυθμιστικά, κανονιστικά κείμενα, τα οποία υπαγορεύουν και εξασφαλίζουν την επιβίωσή των βιογραφουμένων προσώπων για τις επόμενες γενιές. / The aim of this thesis is to examine the network of relationships developed among the sophists and the philosophers in two biographical corpora, Philostratus’ Lives of Sophists and Eunapius’ Lives of Philosophers and Sophists, as well as the pivotal role these relationships (especially those of master and student) played in the formation of the two collections. The study of the nexus of these relationships aims to demonstrate the structural singularity of these corpora, which is pointed, for instance, by the inclusion of certain sophists/philosophers and the exclusion of others; at the same time, these relationships are shown to constitute a major organizational principle of the Lives, allowing thus a sharper understanding of the sophistic/philosophical identity in the Graeco-Roman Imperial period. The two corpora are read as regulatory, canonistic texts, in the sense that they dictate and determine, to a great extent, the type of the biographised sophists and philosophers worth preserving for future generations.

Puisque les déterminants sociaux de la santé sont en dehors du secteur institutionnel conventionnel de la santé, la collaboration intersectorielle apparaît comme la stratégie de choix pour agir sur ces déterminants. Comme souligné par Jackson et coll. (2006), la collaboration intersectorielle et les partenariats interorganisationnels sont des actions transversales qui doivent se produire à des niveaux structurels, sociaux et personnels et qui doivent être imbriquées dans toutes les stratégies de promotion de la santé mises de l’avant par la Charte d’Ottawa. Mais que signifie la collaboration intersectorielle, comment est-elle vécue, et comment ces processus intersectoriels peuvent-ils être réussis? L’objectif principal de ce projet de recherche était de contribuer à l’élaboration d’un cadre conceptuel de l’action intersectorielle, développé à partir de la littérature disponible et validé empiriquement par quatre études de cas, à l’intérieur d’une région du Québec (Chaudière-Appalaches). Ces quatre initiatives se sont déroulées entre 1997 et 2012 : • Cas 1 : Programme de prévention de la détresse psychologique auprès des agriculteurs • Cas 2 : Construction du parc de jeu destiné aux enfants de 0 à 5 ans • Cas 3 : Programme de cuisines collectives à Beauce-Sartigan • Cas 4 : Programme de prévention de l’alcool au volant La première partie de la thèse se concentre sur la compréhension de termes reliés à l’intersectorialité en santé, en comparant les définitions théoriques (à partir d’une revue systématique de la littérature grise et scientifique) à la terminologie utilisée sur le terrain (à partir des études de cas). La deuxième partie de la thèse consiste en une analyse transversale des quatre études de cas qui ont été élaborées autour des sept dimensions suivantes : le problème, les objectifs de santé de populations, les autres objectifs, les résultats, les acteurs, les processus et le contexte. L’analyse transversale porte principalement sur les avantages, les conditions facilitantes et les défis de l’action intersectorielle en santé, incluant une discussion sur le rôle et la légitimité du secteur santé en tant qu’instigateur du partenariat intersectoriel. Thesis Abstract Since the social determinants of health lie outside the conventional institutional health sector, intersectoral collaboration appears to be the strategy of choice to act on these determinants. As Jackson et al. note (2006), intersectoral collaboration and inter-organizational partnerships are cross-cutting actions that must occur at structural, social and personal levels, and they should be embedded in all strategies for health promotion put forward by the Ottawa Charter. But what does intersectoral collaboration mean, how it is lived, and how can these intersectoral processes be successful? The main objective of this research project is to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework for intersectoral action. That framework is developed from the literature and empirically validated by four case studies within a Quebec region (Chaudière-Appalaches). These four initiatives took place between 1997 and 2012: • Case 1: Program for the prevention of psychological distress among farmers • Case 2: Construction of a play park for children aged 0 to 5 years • Case 3: Program of collective kitchens in Beauce-Sartigan • Case 4: Program for the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving The first part of the thesis focuses on understanding terms related to intersectoriality in health by comparing the theoretical definitions (from a systematic review of scientific and grey literature) to the terminology used in the field (captured by conducting case studies). The second part of the thesis is a cross-sectional analysis of four case studies developed around the following seven dimensions: the problem, the population health objectives, other objectives, the outcomes, the actors, the processes and the context. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on the benefits, facilitating conditions and challenges of intersectoral action in health, including a discussion of the role and legitimacy of the health sector as an instigator of intersectoral partnerships.

[pt] Este trabalho procura contribuir para o debate sobre as relações entre escolas públicas, famílias de origem popular e vizinhança escolar, tendo como referência territórios pobres da cidade, notadamente o conjunto de favelas da Maré. A pesquisa aborda, especificamente,as relações no âmbito do Programa Escolas do Amanhã/ Bairro Educador (PEA/BE), política que se coloca na perspectiva, tanto das novas formas de educação prioritária e compensatória para escolas em territórios vulneráveis, como da reconfiguração dos espaços e tempos escolares e de uma visão ampliada dos espaços educacionais. Do ponto de vista metodológico, um estudo de abordagem qualitativa dessa experiência foi conduzido em escolas públicas municipais de Ensino Fundamental que se caracterizam por serem participantes e não participantes do PEA/BE na Maré. Com o objetivo de indagar a possível existência de diferenças nas relações entre escola-família-vizinhança em escolas que se distinguem basicamente por serem ou não participantes do PEA/BE, foram realizadas entrevistas com diferentes agentes educacionais, escolares, familiares e sociais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente no programa, buscando conhecer a percepção deles acerca dessa política. Particularmente, o Projeto Bairro Educador foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Programa Escolas do Amanhã da Secretaria Municipal de Educação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (SME-RJ), com a finalidade de aproximar as escolas públicas localizadas em territórios marcados pela violência e que apresentam resultados abaixo da média da sua respectiva rede de ensino, das famílias e de suas vizinhanças, através do uso do território como ferramenta educativa e pedagógica. Os principais resultados da pesquisa permitem afirmar que o Programa Escolas de Amanhã/Bairro Educador não deixou um legado suficientemente consistente a ponto de marcar uma diferença substancial nas relações escolas-família-vizinhança entre as escolas que dele participaram. Uma das possíveis explicações para isso diz respeito à falta de alinhamento entre as orientações do PEA/BE e sua implementação, bem como aos problemas de externalidade, fragmentação e segmentação da coordenação político-pedagógica do BE e à falta de uma orientação mais enfática da SME-RJ acerca dos caminhos a percorrer para atingir os objetivos propostos. O trabalho se encerra com a apresentação de recomendações que pretendem contribuir para a orientação de políticas públicas que tenham como objetivo a aproximação entre escolas-famílias-vizinhança. / [en] This study aims on discussing the relations among public schools, low-income families, and the schools neighborhood, considering poor areas in Rio de Janeiro, specially a community called Maré. The research focuses on the relations within Escolas do Amanhã / Educator Neighborhood (PEA/BE in Portuguese), which considers the perspective of new priority and compensatory ways of education driven to vulnerable areas, as well as school space and time adjustments. A qualitative study of this experience has been conducted in order to analyze elementary and middle public schools in Maré that participate or not in PEA/BE. The objective has been to question if there are differences in the relations among school, family and neighborhood, considering schools which participate in the program and schools which do not. Different educational, school, family and social agents have been interviewed in order to comprehend the way they see this policy. Educator Neighborhood project, in particular, has been developed within Escolas do Amanhã program by the Education Municipal Office (SME-RJ in Portuguese), with the goal of integrating public schools placed in violent areas and with low results in relation to their education network, families and neighborhood, considering territory as an educational and pedagogical tool. The main results of the research show that Escolas do Amanhã / Educator Neighborhood program did not leave a consistent result in building better school, family and neighborhood relations among the schools that participated in the program. One of the possible reasons for it may be the lack of a guideline between PEA/BE and its implementation, as well as problems referring to its political-pedagogical coordination, such as its fragmentation and segmentation. This guideline could come from the Education Municipal Office, pointing to a path that leads to the program s objectives. Therefore, this thesis ends up with some recommendation about public policies that may contribute to closer relations among school, family and neighborhood.