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The present work has been implemented as a literature study aimed to investigate the prevalence, possibly causes and consequences of an eating disorder. In today's modern society individuals are living with a constant reminder from the media about how a person should look and act to blend into the social norms and expectations of the modern society. This literature review has been analysed on the basis of concepts such as identity, gender identity and gender. In addition previous research has been analysed in terms of themes, history, possible causes/risk factors, media, body image and control, depression, shame and guilt as well as culture. The above themes were analysed on the basis of behaviouristic theory and role theory. The conclusion of the present work is that an eating disorder is 10 times more common in girls than boys. Furthermore present work has shown that Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and UNS previously existed even though it was not documented as a medical condition. Another conclusion is medias exposure of the stereotypical body image which contributes to an increased development of the medical conditions mentioned above.

Questa tesi si propone di analizzare la raccolta poetica The Wind Among the Reeds del poeta anglo-irlandese William Butler Yeats, pubblicata per la prima volta nel 1899. I primi tre capitoli intendono contestualizzare la raccolta in relazione alla vita e all’opera di Yeats, al periodo che avrebbe portato alla sua maturazione e pubblicazione, e alla critica yeatsiana, la quale ha spesso considerato The Wind Among the Reeds e la così detta “early poetry” di inferiore livello artistico rispetto alla “mature poetry” novecentesca. Nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo – che costituisce altresì il fulcro dell’intero lavoro – ci si è soffermati sull’analisi testuale della raccolta. Questa sezione ha messo in evidenza il profondo legame tra l’apparato esterno e la struttura interna del (macro)testo, sottolineando l’importanza di ogni singolo elemento della raccolta nel concorrere alla coerenza semantica e simbolica di un’opera d’arte che costituisce un esempio della maestria poetica yeatsiana. / This dissertation deals with an analysis of the poetry collection The Wind Among the Reeds written by the Anglo-Irish poet William Butler Yeats and published for the first time in 1899. The first three chapters aim to contextualize the collection within Yeats’s life and work, the period leading to its development and publication, and the yeatsian criticism that often regarded The Wind Among the Reeds and the so called “early poetry” as a minor aspect of Yeats’s literary production, if compared to “the mature poetry” of the ‘Nineties. In the fourth and last chapter – which constitutes the core of the whole research – we focused on the textual analysis of the collection. This section has shown the deep relation between the external and internal structure of the text, underlying the relevance of all the elements constituting the collection and establishing the semantic and symbolic coherence of a work of art which is representative of Yeats’s poetic virtuosity.

Essential hypertension (HTN) has been and continues to be a serious public health problem across the globe, particularly among Black races, with an estimated morbidity rate of over 1 billion people and an estimated mortality rate of 9.4 million people worldwide. Essential HTN can lead to a host of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, myocardial infarction, brain damage, kidney failure, and retinopathy. The main purpose of this quantitative, descriptive, nonexperimental study was to investigate the association of physical inactivity, length of stay in the United States, immigrants' health status, and food security as risk indicators in the development of essential HTN among African-born immigrants after accounting for age and education. The conceptual framework for this study was the socioecological model of health (SEMH). A secondary dataset from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), for the year 2014, was used for this study, including data for Africa-born immigrants over the age of 40 who participated in the survey. Logistic regression was used for statistical analyses. The results of the study revealed that length of stay or years in spent in the United States have a significant association with the development of essential HTN. Results from this study could be used to promote positive social change by identifying and assessing challenges in implementing intervention programs meant to assist in controlling essential HTN among African-born immigrants and Black populations who are disproportionately affected by this condition.

Repeatedly, researchers have reported on the health benefits resulting from social support (Cohen-Mansfield, 2000; Lee, 1985; & Siebert & Mutran, 1999). Despite this testimony, social support eludes a clear definition and has been predicted to decline with debility and aging. Additionally, institutionalization and medicalization may potentiate this decline. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the characteristics of social support, and the influencing factors of social support in a nursing home environment. The settings for this research were two central Florida nursing homes that differed according to the diversity of their populations. Observations and staff questionnaires were analyzed in order to answer the following research questions: (a) How is social support manifested in elderly nursing home populations? (b) How do staff behaviors influence social support among elderly nursing home residents? (c) How do nursing home policies influence social support among elderly nursing home residents? (d) How do economic differences influence social support among elderly nursing home populations? Collected data from observations, and questionnaires, were sorted and coded according to emerging patterns and themes. The analysis of these data contributed to answers to the research questions. Manifestations of social support within this environ were very limited. Residents exchanged greetings, occasionally looked after their roommates' needs, or assisted them down a hall in a wheelchair. Although infrequently observed, reciprocal resident tasks appeared to have significant resident value. Staff behaviors and facility policies appeared to be determined by governmental mandates and resulted in resident dependency. Economic differences appeared to be essentially aesthetic and had limited impact on residents and social support. The exception was the impact that economics seemed to have on resident demographics and levels of cognition. A greater health care provider understanding of the manifestations of social support and the sociopolitical and economic influences of social support in elderly nursing home populations can positively impact future policy, education, and the lives of elderly individuals.

This thesis is based on a qualitative research made on a public university in La Paz, Bolivia. The aim was to examine the beliefs and perceptions of the employees regarding the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university. As the Bolivian anti discrimination law and the constitution of 2009 has been made to improve the rights for the indigenous groups in Bolivia,we also wanted to hear if the laws have been implemented in their daily work.Seven interviews were done with the help of an interpreter, and a mix of goal oriented and snowball selection was used. Through the interviews, we found out that the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university is almost non-existing. It also showed that not much has been done to follow the law and the reforms of the constitution. This can be seen as nonperformative.Even though there are regulations about discrimination, the university is not actively working on the implementation of them. The opinion if an anti discrimination work was needed varied among the employees, as some respondents said that discrimination did not even exist at their faculty. To improve the ethnic anti discrimination work many of the respondents pointed on the need of a change in the culture. One important discussion has been about the lack of communication, information and education. These facts together with the change of culture can be seen as the most important factors to make progressions within the ethnic anti discrimination work at the university.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Serra Azul Guimaraes.pdf: 510123 bytes, checksum: 283a860b516284d692b4f1917477ca31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-13 / Recently, the Constitutional Amendment nº 19/98 inserted efficiency among the Public Administration's constitutional principles. We seek to identify it's logical structure, contributing to the analysis of its semantic possibilities and yet approach some pragmatical aspects. The subject is still incipient on jurisprudence, besides treated with certain doses of passion for involving necessarily ideological disputes. Besides that, recent transformation on the context in which refer to the public administration's constitutional discipline, typical of the "post-modernity", Hinder the accommodation of the values at stake and the consequently systematization. The Welfare State's advent and it's transition to the contemporary State caused deep transformation on it's functions, with relevant consequences on jurisprudence, having constant adaptations to the growing profile at the same time more democratic and active, looking towards rights constitutionally assured. The dimensions to the states problem's treatment are transformed too, as the traditional state is too big to solve local problems e too small to deal with national issues, imposing redefinitions as consequences over the public interest's concept. Considering the conditioning of the pre-comprehension, deserve attention the inherent transformation to the conjuncture in which will be given jurisdictional overcome of the principle in exam. The pragmatical changes brought by the "post-modernity", coincide with a momentum of legitimacy's exhaustion of the bureaucratic model, and have being fertile field to strengthen neo-liberal ideas tending towards implementation, in the public administration, of formulas relevant to the pragmatical-management model. In these context emerged the Constitutional Amendment nº 19/98 that, seeks the proximity between brazilian's public administration and the management model, with emphasis in results, promoted changes in the relevant constitutional discipline and includes among the public administration's constitutional principle efficiency. The construction of it's context made here in consonance with the others principles that inform the administrative-juridical regime, comprehended to a dogmatic juridical-constitutional with a open procedure character, having as a touchstone the right legal process and with a subjacent paraconsistent logic. The definition proposed here for it's syntactic function excludes the possibility of a collision between efficiency's principle and the other principles of the administration, concern of many studious of the subject / Recentemente, a Emenda Constitucional nº 19/98 inseriu entre os princípios constitucionais expressos da administração pública a eficiência. Buscamos identificar sua estrutura lógica, contribuir para a análise de suas possibilidades semânticas e ainda à abordar de alguns aspectos pragmáticos. O tema ainda é incipiente na doutrina e jurisprudência, além de ser tratado com certa dose paixão por envolver necessariamente disputas ideológicas. Além disso, recentes transformações no contexto em que incide a disciplina constitucional da administração pública, típicas da pós-modernidade , dificultam a acomodação dos valores em jogo e a conseqüente sistematização. O advento do Estado Social e a transição dele para o Estado contemporâneo ocasionaram profundas transformações nas funções do Estado, com conseqüências jurídicas relevantes, havendo constante adaptação ao crescente perfil ao mesmo tempo mais democrático e ativo, com vistas à concretização de direitos constitucionalmente assegurados. As dimensões para o tratamento dos problemas estatais também se transformam, sendo o estado tradicional muito grande para resolver os problemas locais e muito pequeno para as questões supranacionais, impondo-se redefinições com conseqüências sobre o conceito de interesse público. Considerados os condicionamentos da pré-compreensão, merecem atenção as transformações inerentes à conjuntura em que se dará a concretização jurisdicional do princípio em exame. As mudanças de paradigmas trazidas pela pós-modernidade coincidem com um momento de esgotamento da legitimidade do modelo burocrático e tem sido campo fértil para o fortalecimento de idéias neoliberais tendentes à implantação, na administração pública, de fórmulas pertinentes ao modelo gerencial-pragmático. Neste contexto emergiu a Emenda Constitucional nº 19/98 que, visando à aproximação entre a administração pública brasileira e o modelo gerencial, com ênfase em resultados, promoveu alterações na disciplina constitucional pertinente e incluiu entre os princípios da administração pública a eficiência. A construção de seu conteúdo aqui é feita em consonância com os demais princípios que informam o regime jurídico-administrativo, compreendida a dogmática jurídico-constitucional com um caráter procedimental e aberto, tendo como pedra de toque o devido processo legal e como lógica subjacente uma lógica paraconsistente. A definição aqui proposta para sua função sintática exclui a possibilidade de colisão entre o princípio da eficiência e os demais princípios da administração, preocupação de muitos estudiosos do tema

A interação entre pessoas é essencial à vida em sociedade. As conversas são uma das formas mais comuns de interação. Ainda que estas sejam uma ação natural para muitas pessoas, constituem-se um desafio nos quadros do espectro do autismo, no qual as dificuldades de linguagem e de engajamento social limitam a inserção real na vida comunitária. As desvantagens na linguagem e nas habilidades conversacionais em geral tem sido descritas há muitos anos sem que se saiba ao certo as relações entre estes itens. A fim de investigar estas questões esta pesquisa foi subdivida em três estudos que visaram fornecer elementos para uma micro análise pragmática, sintático-semântica e uma macro analise conversacional. Participaram deste estudo dez indivíduos com diagnóstico pertencente aos Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo com idades entre 5;6 a 16:8 anos (média de 9:6 anos). Nove participantes eram do gênero masculino e todos foram diagnosticados por médicos psiquiatras segundo os critérios do DSM-IV. Todos foram filmados em três situações com diferentes demandas: situação Aniversário (demanda social), situação Lego® (demanda cognitiva) e situação Livro (demanda linguística). A metodologia empregada nos três estudos incluiu a análise de uma amostra de fala espontânea coletada a partir de filmagens de interações fonoaudiólogo-criança. Para a análise foram transcritos os cinco minutos iniciais de cada filmagem. O primeiro estudo analisou variáveis pragmáticas referentes ao espaço comunicativo, uso dos meios comunicativos e total de atos tanto nas iniciativas quanto no total de participações (iniciativas e respostas), bem como a qualificação das respostas e o uso de diferentes funções comunicativas. O segundo estudo analisou o uso de termos de estado psicológico, o uso de termos referenciais, o tipo de relação semântica estabelecida e o tipo de estrutura sintática utilizado pelos participantes. Nos dois primeiros estudos, as três situações foram comparadas entre si. O terceiro estudo investigou elementos de encadeamento e de engajamento conversacional na situação Livro. Os resultados indicaram que, genericamente, os itens pragmáticos não se diferenciaram nas três situações, mas alguns itens sintático-semânticos, sim. Os indivíduos usam diferentes tipos de elementos de encadeamento e de engajamento, sendo que estes apresentaram maior relação com a ocupação do espaço comunicativo e de funções regulatórias. Os resultados indicaram que as habilidades pragmáticas parecem ser um arcabouço sobre o qual habilidades mais refinadas de linguagem se desenvolvem. / Interaction among people is essential to life within any society. Talks are one of the most common means of interaction. Although they are a natural behavior to most people, they are a challenge to people within the autism spectrum to whom language and social engagement difficulties pose a real limit to community living. The impairments in language and conversational skills have been described for many years but there is still no agreement about which and how are the interactions among them. In order to assess these issues the present research comprises three studies aiming to provide elements to a pragmatic and syntactic-semantic micro-analysis and a conversational macro-analysis. Participants were ten subjects with diagnosis within the autism spectrum with ages varying between 5:6 and 16:8 years (average 9:6 years). Nine participants were male and all were diagnosed by psychiatrists according to the DSM-IV criteria. All participants were filmed in three situations with different demands: Birthday situation (social demand), Lego® situation (cognitive demand) and Book situation (linguistic demand). The method used on the three studies included the analysis of a filmed spontaneous speech sample during interaction between speech-language therapist and the child. To the analysis the first five minutes of each sample were transcribed. The first study analyzed the pragmatic variables referring to the communicative space, use of communicative means and total communicative acts including initiatives and total of participations (initiatives and responses) as well as the qualification of the responses and use of different communicative functions. The second study analyzed the use of terms of psychological status, referential terms, the kind of semantic relation determined and the kind of syntactic structure used by the participants. On the first two studies the three situations were compared with each other. The third study assessed the linking and conversational engaging elements during the Book situation. Results show that, generically, the pragmatic items didn\'t vary in the three different situations, but some syntactic-semantic elements did. Subjects use different types of linking and engaging elements and they were more associated with occupation of the communicative space and use of regulatory functions. Results suggest that the pragmatic skills seem to be the basis over which more refined linguistic abilities develop.

Orientador : Jefferson Sidney Camacho / Banca: Luiz Roberto Prudêncio Júnior / Banca: José Antônio Matthiesen / Resumo: Com a finalidade de contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre a distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de edifícios de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, foi desenvolvido no presente trabalho uma série de ensaios que visam a análise da eficiência de dois tipos de ligações usuais entre paredes: as ligações de amarração direta (contrafiada) e as ligações com amarração indireta, através de grampos metálicos e graute. Para a consecução desses objetivos foram desenvolvidos diferentes programas experimentais, que contemplaram desde a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas dos componentes da alvenaria (blocos, argamassa, graute e aço) até a ensaios em corpos-de-prova (paredes "H") representativos das formas de ligações em estudo. Com o objetivo de se encontrar correlações com estes tipos de ligações, foram desenvolvidos, em paralelo, ensaios de cisalhamento em unidades (blocos) e ensaios em prismas especiais, aqui chamados prismas cavaletes. Por fim, os resultados experimentais obtidos no presente trabalho foram comparados com os resultados encontrados em modelos reduzidos, nas escalas 1:3 e 1:5, obtidos da revisão bibliográfica. / Abstract: With the intend to contribute for a better understanding about the vertical loads spreading between the ceramic blocks walls of a structural masonry building, it was developed within the present work a series of tests aiming the analysis of the efficiency of two usual walls connections, one directly connected (stretcher, bond) and the other indirectly connected throughout steel staples and grout. For the attainment of these objectives it was developed different experimental programs, which contemplated since the mechanical properties characterization of the masonry componentes (blocks, mortar, grout and steel) until the tests on the studying connections representative specimen ("H" walls). Aiming to find the correlations for these types of connections, it was also developed, in parallel, shearing tests on the units (blocks) and tests on special prisms, called here by "rack prisms". At the end, the experimental results obtained upon the present work were matched with the found small-scale results, on the (1:3) and (1:5) scales, obtained from the bibliographic revision. / Mestre