The theme and objective of this thesis is to assess legislation regulating creation and termination of employment with regard to the concept of flexicurity. The thesis draws attention to some elements of this regulation, pointing out its flexibility on one hand and protection aspects on the other hand, and offering some possible solutions according to intended law. At the same time the flexicurity concept as such is explained, as well as legislation regulating creation and termination of employment. This thesis is divided into five chapters, of which the key ones are the second, fourth and fifth chapter. The specific nature of labour law, the subject of labour law, principles applied in this branch of law, and the relationship between labour law and civil law are dealt with in the first chapter. In the second chapter is explained the concept of flexicurity and its components, namely flexibility and security, further division of those, and also described the Danish labour market model. The crucial term of this paper, flexicurity, arose as a combination of terms flexibility and security, or freedom and protection. Flexicurity is a modern concept or strategy of the labour market, which counts on a balanced combination of elements of protection and flexibility, both within the framework of labour law,...

A work made by an employee, upon an order and a collective work Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of commissioned works protected by copyright; more specifically, with the issue of works made by employees, works made upon order and collective works. The aim of the thesis is to examine the Czech legal regulation of these works and assess how the Czech Copyright Act manages to balance the conflicting interests of the author on one side and the employer or ordering party on another. The thesis consists of six chapters. In order to put the issue of commissioned works in a broader context of the Czech copyright law, the introductory part of the thesis is dedicated to explanation of some of the essential principles and rationale of the Czech regulation of copyright, as these directly impact the regulation of commissioned works. The first chapter deals with the concept of a work protected by copyright (author's work). The second chapter clarifies the notion of author of the work within the meaning of the Czech Copyright Act. The third chapter concerns the subjective rights of the author of the work, especially the different nature of the economic and moral rights included in copyright. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the issue of commissioned works. Legal regulation of works made by employees, works...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Azevedo1.pdf: 418961 bytes, checksum: c905c6d041e00f79a71353e50365d8f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Depressive Disorder is one of the most frequent problems that cause incapability nowadays. It is considerated one of the great reasons that take people to search health care assistance in the world. Its symptoms are sad humor, melancholy, cry, apathy, tedium, chronic dislike, angry increase, anxiety, despair, fatigue, tiredness, less wish, beyond other symptoms. From the point of view of behavior analysis, depression must be understood by analyzing the contingencies that sustain the behavior because the main reasons that explain the behavior must be searched in people relations with the external environment. Looking by the perspective that a behavior must be studied in terms of its function, depression could be understood as responses classifications selected and developed during the person?s life considering the interaction with the environment that the person was exposed. The purpose of this present study was to identify functional relations among the verbal report of five people with depression diagnosis. It was chosen to do the analysis of the most frequent behavior in each participant. The methodologies used for the selection of the behavior were Beck?s Depression Inventory (BDI), clinic interviews and self-observation. After the selection of the behavior, additional interviews were included in order to collect information about the function of the behaviors and about the life history of each participant. The results showed similar functional processes in all participants. The contingences involved in the most frequent behavior in each one were about negative reinforcement and as a result, it was observed avoidance behavior under an aversive stimulation. In the investigation of their life history related with the most frequent behavior, were detected learning aspects of the behavior and negative reinforcement such as frequent situations of avoidance, low incidence of positive reinforcement, frequent punishment situations in childhood and adolescence and lack of positive reinforcements. It was concluded that the contingences involved in the most frequent behavior and the investigation of the relationships during the life history of these participants were adequate methods to obtain data regarding to depression. In addition, it gives information about the interaction of these people with their environment. Therefore, investigations like this study could support a more specific assessment in each case, contributing for a better treatment. / O transtorno depressivo ? um dos mais freq?entes e incapacitantes problemas da atualidade, e ? considerado um dos grandes motivos pela busca de servi?os de sa?de em todo o mundo. Caracteriza-se por humor triste, melancolia, choro f?cil, apatia, t?dio, aborrecimento cr?nico, irritabilidade aumentada, ansiedade, ang?stia, desespero, desesperan?a, fadiga, cansa?o, des?nimo, diminui??o da vontade, entre outros sintomas. Do ponto de vista da An?lise do Comportamento, a depress?o deve ser compreendida a partir da an?lise das conting?ncias que a mant?m, visto que s?o nas rela??es com o ambiente externo que devem ser buscadas as explica??es para o comportamento. Seguindo a perspectiva de que um comportamento deve ser estudado nos termos da sua fun??o, a depress?o poderia ser entendida como classes de respostas selecionadas e desenvolvidas ao longo da vida do indiv?duo a partir de suas intera??es com o meio. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar rela??es funcionais no relato verbal de cinco pessoas com diagn?stico de depress?o. Optou-se analisar os comportamentos de maior freq??ncia em cada participante, e para a sele??o dos comportamentos utilizou-se o Invent?rio de Depress?o de Beck, entrevistas cl?nicas e auto-observa??o. Ap?s a sele??o dos comportamentos foram feitas outras entrevistas cl?nicas objetivando coletar dados sobre a fun??o dos comportamentos de maior freq??ncia e informa??es sobre a hist?ria de vida em cada participante. A an?lise dos dados foi feita enfatizando-se os processos de an?lise do comportamento que poderiam estar relacionados ao comportamento analisado. Os resultados apontaram processos funcionais parecidos em todos os participantes. As conting?ncias envolvidas no comportamento de maior freq??ncia em cada um foram de refor?amento negativo e, logo, tiveram fun??o de esquiva de situa??es aversivas. Na investiga??o da hist?ria de vida relacionada ao comportamento de maior freq??ncia, foram encontrados aspectos de aprendizagem do comportamento e de refor?amento negativo, como freq?entes situa??es de esquivas, baixa incid?ncia de refor?amento positivo, puni??es freq?entes na inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia e perda de refor?adores positivos. Conclui-se que a an?lise das conting?ncias envolvidas no comportamento de maior freq??ncia e a investiga??o das rela??es estabelecidas na hist?ria de vida nesses participantes foram um m?todo adequado para obter dados a respeito da depress?o, al?m de fornecer informa??es sobre a intera??o desses sujeitos com seu ambiente. Dessa maneira, investiga??es como a apresentada auxiliam para uma avalia??o mais precisa de cada caso, contribuindo para uma interven??o cl?nica mais adequada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NIDAL AHMAD YASSIN.pdf: 746099 bytes, checksum: 3d4f582f44a11a4dae05e9a226bd7774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-03 / This is a study about the Islam, which used a translated version of the Qur an for the Portuguese language by Samir El Hayek. A discussion has been carried out about the spelling used in the reference to Islam with the purpose to get closer to the original Arabic language. The reader will have the opportunity to learn not only aspects of the Islam in an attempt to understand what makes Al Qur an still relevant after fourteen centuries of existence, but also the secret which allows an easy adjustment of this religion in the most varied and eclectic communities. In order to achieve this purpose the process of foundation of the Islam will be introduced, as well as the context and biography of the prophet Muhammad as a charismatic man as proposed by Max Weber; as a politician, once he becomes the first ruler of the Arabian Peninsula; as a warrior when he leads the muslim army in the conflicts which emerged in the face of the new religion. This study also, discusses his acting in the building of Islam through the source of faith books for the muslims, Al Qur an and Sunna. These books are full of symbolic language and rites which are believed to be responsible for the easy expansion of this religion. We also present the division generated by different interpretations of the sources of Islam, which opposes followers of Sunna and followers of Ali. At this stage of this study it is possible to understand how muslim communities deal with problems which emerge in their societies. A process which respects the principles of Al Qur an and the teachings of Sunna in the search of Umma social balance. / Trata-se de um estudo sobre o Islam, para o qual utilizou-se a versão do Qur an traduzida para a língua portuguesa por Samir El Hayek. Realizou-se discussão acerca da grafia utilizada com referência ao Islam com o propósito de se chegar ao mais próximo do original em língua árabe. O leitor tem a oportunidade não só de conhecer aspectos do Islam na tentativa de compreender o que faz com que Al Qur an se apresente com a relevância devida após catorze séculos de existência, bem como qual o segredo que permite a fácil adaptação desta religião nas mais variadas e ecléticas comunidades. Diante disso, é apresentado o processo de fundação do Islam, direcionando a investigação científica para o contexto e a biografia do profeta Muhammad como homem carismático tal qual propõe Max Weber; como político, ao se tornar o primeiro governante da Península Arábica; como guerreiro na liderança do exército muçulmano nos enfrentamentos que surgiram em face da nova religião, atuando pela edificação do Islam, através dos livros, fonte de fé para o muslim, Al Qur an e Sunna. Estas são obras de linguagem simbólica e ritos que se acredita serem responsáveis pela fácil expansão da religião. A discussão abre espaço à cisão gerada pela interpretação das fontes do Islam, que opõem principalmente seguidores da Sunna e seguidores de Ali. Nesta etapa, conhece-se a maneira com que lidam as comunidades islâmicas em relação aos problemas que surgem na sociedade, prática esta que prestigia os princípios do Qur an e os ensinamentos da Sunna na busca do equilíbrio social da Umma.

1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the termination of an employment relationship. Its aim is to aptly depict and characterize individual ways of terminating an employment relationship with a focus on the termination of an employment relationship by labor-juridical acts, also to call attention to some application difficulties and to mention proposals de lege ferenda. Firstly, the thesis is focused on the different areas of labor law, its functions and also on the relation between labor law and civil law. The attention is further paid to the explication relating to the employment relationship as well as to labor-juridical acts and some consequences of their defects. The focus of the thesis lies in the analysis of individual ways of terminating an employment relationship. The employment relationship can be terminated either on the basis of labor-juridical acts, on the basis of a labor-juridical event, or on the basis of official decisions. Labor-juridical acts leading to the termination of an employment relationship are agreement on the termination of an employment relationship, the notice of termination, the immediate termination of an employment relationship and termination of en employment relationship during the probationary period. The labor-juridical events on the basis of which the employment...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 345644.pdf: 11479347 bytes, checksum: c135408b5b6c9bafb0f640eca87d4b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-07 / A Rede Vida de Televis?o estrutura-se, enquanto emissora de abrang?ncia nacional, a partir da cria??o do Instituto Brasileiro de Comunica??o Crist? (INBRAC), seu ?rg?o mantenedor. A rela??o que mant?m com o INBRAC garante ? Igreja Cat?lica brasileira espa?o na programa??o da emissora, bem como a catolicidade do ve?culo, a princ?pio sem qualquer liga??o com a Confer?ncia Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) ou outro ?rg?o oficial da Igreja. Esse contexto interfere no jornalismo da emissora e orienta para uma determinada perspectiva de comunica??o, a partir da qual os programas s?o produzidos. Considerando-o e partindo da id?ia de que a produ??o e o conte?do das mensagens jornal?sticas est?o imbricados, propomos, nesta tese, a an?lise do processo produtivo e do conte?do de tr?s programas jornal?sticos da Rede Vida: o telejornal JCTV, o programa de entrevistas Tribuna Independente e o programa de reportagens Este ? o meu Brasil. Nossa inten??o ? compreender como a emissora faz jornalismo e com base em qual concep??o de comunica??o. Analisamos os crit?rios de noticiabilidade e as intera??es sociais que atuam no processo produtivo e no conte?do jornal?stico. Para tanto, tivemos como orienta??o te?rica-metodol?gica o newsmaking e o paradigma construcionista (teoria interacionista) de not?cia. Com um olhar quantitativo/qualitativo, realizamos a observa??o participante da produ??o e a an?lise de conte?do dos tr?s programas abordados. A compreens?o das intera??es sociais entre jornalistas, fontes, empresa e sociedade foi fundamental para evidenciarmos que, no processo de produ??o, no qual conte?do e enfoques s?o definidos, os crit?rios de noticiabilidade sofrem uma adequa??o aos interesses da emissora, os quais delineiam o perfil editorial dos programas. Al?m disso, ? vis?vel que a Rede Vida est? comprometida com a Igreja Cat?lica, assumindo, ao fazer jornalismo, na maior parte do tempo, uma perspectiva instrumental de comunica??o, distante da comunica??o dial?gica. O jornalismo move-se na pluralidade de fatos e temas sociais. Por isso, guarda, em si, o potencial para fomentar o di?logo na sociedade, a partir das mensagens transmitidas. Na Rede Vida, prevalece, ainda que ajam sinais de abertura, a voz oficial da Igreja Cat?lica, reproduzindo a doutrina crist?/cat?lica, num sentido vertical. A emissora apresenta-se como porta-voz da Igreja, institui??o que se mostra detentora das informa??es e do conte?do a partir do qual os fatos sociais devem ser entendidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437493.pdf: 622619 bytes, checksum: 0092c7c652c6d220072cbd69cd579ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-06 / Considering the social importance of gender classified ad for sexual services, with respect to the various forms of verbal interaction circulated in print journalism, this paper intends to conduct an enunciative-discursive reflection from the point of view of language dialogical on the discourse of classified ads in which men and women offer sexual services. This study aims at analyzing discursive aspects that involve the construction of the subject image of the speaker and interlocutor, observing effects of meaning produced in the scenes set up in five classified ads for sexual services of different newspapers in different regions of Brazil. As specific objectives, to: (a) verify the development of research, articulated language marks the discursive situation that create the picture of the individual speaker, noting the words used to name and physical characteristics of their sexual activity, (b) to observe discursive as the image of the subject party, to whom the advertisement is intended emerges within the discourse of the speaker, (c) analyze dialogic relations introduced by the choice of sign in the ideological self-naming of the subject of discourse in the notice, paying attention to the refractions of the sign; (d) examine how the various social voices (views) interact in the ads, by analyzing the words used. As the central theoretical basis, this paper resorts to ideas of linguistic theory of the dialogic discourse, developed by Mikhail Bakhtin and his Circle.These theoretical reflections enable the study enunciative-discursive operation and refraction of meanings of the words mobilized in the classified ads for sexual services that create the discursive image of the speaker and the speaker of the ad. The five selected classified ads for this investigation were taken from the newspaper Zero Hora, Porto Alegre, and Agora the Rio Grande, both represent the South Region, Folha de S. Paulo, the city of S?o Paulo, Southeast Region, Di?rio do Par?, in Bel?m, representing the North of the country, and the Di?rio do Nordeste, in Fortaleza, Northeast Region. Regarding the methodology of analysis, we have made, first, the individual analysis of each ad, taking into account the ideological signs evoked in the speaker's self-naming, physical characteristics, the characteristics of sexual activity, in addressing the statement / announcement and the appearance and crossover of social voices. Hereafter, considering that the statements are made dialogically in the chain of discursive communication, the five ads were placed in dialogic relation, in order to be checked against the characteristics of the utterances. So, trying to reflect on the discursive processes of classified ads, we show how effects of consumption are refracted in the discursive image of the speaker and interlocutor in the advertisement of sexual services. In addition, we see how certain types of idealized men and women are aired in the media and especially in advertising, starting from the analysis of dialogical relations introduced by the various social voices. These voices echo from the ideological signs engendered the discourse of the ad and reveal the various points of view about the body sex and pleasure. / Levando em considera??o a import?ncia social do g?nero an?ncio de classificados de servi?os sexuais, no que diz respeito ?s diversas formas de intera??es verbais postas em circula??o no jornalismo impresso, este trabalho pretende realizar uma reflex?o enunciativo-discursiva, sob o ponto de vista dial?gico da linguagem, sobre o discurso dos an?ncios de classificados em que homens e mulheres oferecem servi?os sexuais. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar aspectos discursivos que envolvem a constru??o da imagem do sujeito locutor e do interlocutor, observando efeitos de sentido instaurados nas cenas produzidas em cinco an?ncios de classificados de servi?os sexuais de diferentes jornais impressos de variadas regi?es do Brasil. Como objetivos espec?ficos, visa: (a) verificar, no desenvolvimento da investiga??o, as marcas lingu?sticas articuladas ? situa??o discursiva que criam a imagem do sujeito locutor, observando as palavras utilizadas para nomear caracter?sticas f?sicas e caracter?sticas de sua atividade sexual; (b) observar como a imagem discursiva do sujeito interlocutor, a quem ? destinado o an?ncio, emerge no interior do discurso do locutor; (c) analisar rela??es dial?gicas instauradas pela escolha do signo ideol?gico na autonomea??o do sujeito discursivo no an?ncio, atentando para as refra??es deste signo; (d) examinar como as diversas vozes sociais (pontos de vista) interagem nos an?ncios, por meio da an?lise das palavras empregadas. Como embasamento te?rico central, este trabalho recorre ?s ideias lingu?sticas da teoria dial?gica do discurso, desenvolvida por Mikhail Bakhtin e seu C?rculo.Tais reflex?es te?ricas possibilitam o estudo enunciativo-discursivo do funcionamento e da refra??o de sentidos das palavras mobilizadas nos an?ncios de classificados de servi?os sexuais que criam a imagem discursiva do locutor e do interlocutor do an?ncio. Os cinco an?ncios de classificados selecionados para esta investiga??o foram retirados dos jornais Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre, e Agora, de Rio Grande, ambos representam a Regi?o Sul; Folha de S. Paulo, da cidade de S?o Paulo, Regi?o Sudeste; Di?rio do Par?, da cidade de Bel?m, representando a Regi?o Norte do pa?s; e o Di?rio do Nordeste, de Fortaleza, da Regi?o Nordeste. Quanto ? metodologia de an?lise, efetuamos, primeiramente, a an?lise individual de cada an?ncio, levando em conta os signos ideol?gicos evocados na autonomea??o do locutor, nas caracter?sticas f?sicas, nas caracter?sticas de atividade sexual, no endere?amento do enunciado/an?ncio e no aparecimento e entrecruzamento de vozes sociais. A seguir, considerando que os enunciados s?o constitu?dos dialogicamente na cadeia de comunica??o discursiva, os cinco an?ncios foram colocados em rela??o dial?gica, a fim de serem cotejadas as caracter?sticas dos enunciados. Assim, buscando refletir sobre os processos discursivos dos an?ncios de classificados, mostramos como s?o refratados efeitos do consumo na imagem discursiva do locutor e do interlocutor no an?ncio de servi?os sexuais. Al?m disso, verificamos de que forma certos tipos idealizados de homens e mulheres s?o veiculados na m?dia e, sobretudo na publicidade, partindo-se da an?lise das rela??es dial?gicas instauradas pelas diversas vozes sociais. Tais vozes ressoam a partir dos signos ideol?gicos engendrados no discurso do an?ncio e revelam os diversos pontos de vista a respeito do corpo, do sexo e do prazer.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-01T18:48:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MATHEUS_SILVA_GIGANTE_COMPLETO.pdf: 954118 bytes, checksum: 553cbcaaa8e70eff331d2439adbd8c2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T18:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MATHEUS_SILVA_GIGANTE_COMPLETO.pdf: 954118 bytes, checksum: 553cbcaaa8e70eff331d2439adbd8c2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / The availability of plastic bags for purchase packing began to popularize in Brazil during the ?80s. It is use, allied with a fast disposal and a slow decomposition results in a large accumulation in landfills, as well as rivers, lakes and seas. The understanding of these materials composition is essential for one to be able to assess the inherent risks involved in it is use and discartament. In this study, eight samples of plastic bags used for packaging were analyzed, being three of them derivated from naphtha, two from ethanol and the three were oxybiodegradable, in which a chemical additive is added to them so that it?s degradability time decreases. The technique of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine cadmium, lead, chromium and antimony. Thermal analyzes were also performed to evaluate the thermal stability and the melting temperature of the different types of samples. It was observed the presence of metals in plastic bags analyzed, and only the chromium could be identified in all samples. The metals and metalloids concentration varied between 0.013 and 2.7 ?g g-1, below the maximum limits established by legislation. Through thermal analysis used - thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry - it was observed that all the samples showed the same thermal behavior. Building up the data contents of metals and thermal analysis, it can be inferred that the presence of Cd, Cr, Pb and Sb did not influence the thermal stability of the polymers. / A disponibilidade de sacolas pl?sticas para embalar compras come?ou a se popularizar no Brasil nos anos 80. Seu grande uso, aliado ao r?pido descarte e a demora em se decompor resultam em um grande ac?mulo destas em aterros sanit?rios, bem como em rios, lagos e mares. Visando a redu??o do tempo de decomposi??o, diferentes materiais tem sido utilizados para a confec??o das mesmas. Nesse trabalho, foram analisadas oito amostras de sacolas pl?sticas utilizadas como embalagem sendo tr?s delas provenientes da nafta, outras duas do etanol e tr?s oxibiodegrad?veis (nas quais um aditivo qu?mico ? acrescentado a elas para que o tempo de degradabilidade diminua). Neste trabalho, a t?cnica de espectrometria de absor??o at?mica por forno de grafite foi utilizada para a determina??o de c?dmio, chumbo, antim?nio e cromo e as t?cnicas de an?lise t?rmica foram empregadas para avaliar as propriedades t?rmicas, bem como a temperatura de fus?o dos diferentes tipos de amostras de polietileno. Observou-se a presen?a de metais nas sacolas pl?sticas analisadas, sendo que apenas o cromo p?de ser identificado em todas as amostras. As concentra??es dos metais e metal?ides variaram entre 0,013 e 2,7 ?g g-1, ficando abaixo dos limites m?ximos estabelecidos pela legisla??o. Atrav?s das an?lises t?rmicas utilizadas - an?lise termogravim?trica e calorimetria diferencial explorat?ria - observou-se que as diferentes amostras apresentaram o mesmo comportamento t?rmico. Compilandose os dados de teores de metais e das an?lises t?rmicas, pode-se inferir que a presen?a de Cd, Cr, Pb e Sb n?o influenciou na estabilidade t?rmica dos pol?meros.

A rolling piston engine, operating according to a novel thermodynamic cycle is designed. Thermodynamic and structural analysis of this novel engine is carried out and thermodynamic and structural variables of the engine were calculated. The losses in the engine, friction and leakage were calculated and their effects on the engine were demonstrated.

Tiriamajame darbe autorius siekia atskleisti teorinius bendro pobūdžio klausimus: apibrėžti darbo sutarties pasibaigimo ir nutraukimo sąvokas. Autoriaus nagrinėjami darbo sutarties nutraukimo darbdavio iniciatyva, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės, pagrindai. Analizuojamas įspėjimas apie darbo sutarties nutraukimą. Lyginamuoju metodu pateikiamas tarptautinių dokumentų ir ES teisės normų, reguliuojančių darbo sutarties nutraukimą, reglamentavimas. Tiriamajame darbe pateikiamas garantijų ir apribojimų reglamentavimas, atsirandantis nutraukiant darbo sutartį darbdavio iniciatyvą, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės. Pateikiamas teisminės praktikos apibendrinimas, reikšmingas teisingai aiškinant ir tinkamai taikant teisės normas, reglamentuojančias darbo sutarties nutraukimą darbdavio iniciatyva, kai nėra darbuotojo kaltės. / In this research work an author seeks to educe the theoretical character of questions: to define the conceptions of the expiry or the termination of an employment contract. Author analyses the grounds for the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee. Author analyses the notice of the termination of an employment contract. The regulation of the legal rules of international documents and EU presents by the comparable method. The regulation of the guarantees and limitations represents in this research work, which give effect to the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee. Author educes the generalization of judiciary practice, which is essential justly to interpret and properly to use rules of the termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employer without any fault on the part of an employee.