Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioSAF_DISSERT.pdf: 2161412 bytes, checksum: 53fea93028506fb09ef4520f7052d3d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Investigamos a conex?o entre Danos (diferen?as entre duas configura??es microsc?picas) e as propriedades termodin?micas do Modelo de Ashkin-Teller Ferro-magn?tico de N-Cores: Mostramos que em duas diferentes formula??es do modelo, com intera??es quadrupolares e N-polares, existem rela??es anal?ticas rigorosas, entre seus par?metros de ordem e suas fun??es de correla??o e certas combina??es de Danos. Tais express?es podem ser usadas para a obten??o, via simula??o computacional, dos valores num?ricos destas fun??es e do diagrama de fases do modelo, em qualquer rede cristalina homogenia. Como o dano mede a diferen?a entre configura??es microsc?picas, diferen?a esta menos sens?vel ?s flutua??es cr?ticas, espera-se que a presente abordagem produza resultados bastante aceit?veis, quando comparados ? simula??o usual de Monte-Carlo

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T19:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-14T21:07:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T21:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieneLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 1409638 bytes, checksum: b2258a2f626dcdfadfc00445de366ca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Anacardium occidentale Linn ? uma ?rvore nativa do Brasil, popularmente conhecida como cajueiro. Estudos mostram que a fra??o Acetato de Etila (AcOEt) obtida a partir do extrato acetona das cascas do caule de A. occidentale apresenta atividade anti-inflamat?ria, sugerindo-se os taninos como respons?veis por essa a??o. Sendo uma das 71 esp?cies da Rela??o Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (RENISUS), ? importante que sejam desenvolvidas metodologias anal?ticas para o estudo dos seus constituintes. Nesse contexto, a Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) constitui uma metodologia de import?ncia para a an?lise de amostras de origem vegetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar uma metodologia anal?tica por CLAE para a an?lise da fra??o AcOEt do extrato acetona das cascas do caule de A. occidentale. As condi??es cromatogr?ficas foram estabelecidas utilizando como fase m?vel ?cido ac?tico a 0,3% e acetonitrila. Como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento do m?todo cromatogr?fico, foi utilizado um gradiente explorat?rio, que permite analisar todas as faixas de polaridade. O gradiente de elui??o foi ent?o ajustado at? a obten??o de um cromatograma com adequada separa??o e par?metros cromatogr?ficos satisfat?rios. Para a identifica??o dos compostos, foi realizada a an?lise de padr?es e, pela observa??o dos tempos de reten??o e espectros de absor??o das subst?ncias, foi poss?vel eleger as que estariam presentes na amostra. Foi poss?vel sugerir a presen?a de catequina, epicatequina, epigalocatequina e ?cido g?lico na fra??o AcOEt de A. occidentale. Para a valida??o do m?todo, foram realizados os testes de linearidade, precis?o, exatid?o, robustez, limites de detec??o e quantifica??o. O m?todo foi avaliado como sendo linear, preciso e exato para os compostos estudados. Dentre as condi??es de an?lise alteradas para o estudo da robustez, o m?todo n?o apresentou robustez para a an?lise do ?cido g?lico, quando a temperatura da coluna foi de 35?C, mas as demais condi??es alteradas n?o promoveram mudan?as estatisticamente significativas para este analito. Conclui-se que o m?todo cromatogr?fico ? adequado para a an?lise da fra??o AcOEt do extrato acetona de A. occidentale. / Anacardium occidentale Linn is a tree native to Brazil, popularly known as cashew. Studies show that the Ethyl Acetate fraction (EtOAc) obtained from the acetone:water extract of the A. occidentale stem bark has anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting tannins as responsible for this action. As one of 71 species of the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS), it is important that analytical methodologies for the study of its constituents are developed. In this context, the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a method of importance to the analysis of samples of plant origin. This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical methodology by HPLC for analysis of EtOAc fraction of acetone:water extract from the stem bark of A. occidentale. The chromatographic conditions were established using acetic acid 0.3% (v/v in water) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. As a starting point for the development of chromatographic procedures, exploratory gradient was used, which allows to analyze all polarity groups. The gradient elution was then adjusted to obtain a chromatogram with adequate separation and satisfactory chromatographic parameters. For identification of the compounds, the pattern analysis was carried out, and by observing the retention times and absorption spectra of the substances was possible to choose those which would be present in the sample. It could suggest the presence of catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallic acid in the EtOAc fraction of A. occidentale. To validate the method, linearity tests were performed, precision, accuracy, robustness, limits of detection and quantification. According to Resolution 899/2003 (ANVISA), the method was assessed to be linear, precise and accurate for the studied compounds. Among the changed analysis conditions for studying the robustness of the method, when the column temperature was 35?C analysis did not present robustness for gallic acid, but when other conditions were changed it did not promote statistically significant changes to this analyte. It follows that the chromatographic method is suitable for analysis of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin in EtOAc fraction of the acetone:water extract of the A. occidentale.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to: 1) Assess whether naturally induced anti-HPV antibodies are associated with subsequent acquisition of genital HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections in men, 2) assess the recurrence (redetection) of genital HPV infections of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types and investigate factors associated with recurrent infections among men, and 3) assess the risk of type-specific sequential acquisition of anal HPV infection following a genital HPV infection of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types among men who have sex with women (MSW). Methods: 4,123 healthy men were followed every six months (median follow-up time 4.1 years). HPV antibodies were measured at baseline using a virus-like particle-based ELISA assay. Genital and anal HPV genotypes were detected using the Roche Linear Array assays. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models were developed to assess associations between serum anti-HPV antibody and subsequent incident HPV infections. Individual type analyses and grouped analyses were carried out to assess type-specific recurrence of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Risk of sequential anal HPV infection was assessed by examining incident rate ratios (IRR) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) among men with a prior genital HPV infection compared to men without a prior genital HPV infection. Results: 1) Significantly higher rates of incident infections were observed for HPV 16 among baseline HPV 16 seropositive men (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86). Risk of persistent HPV 18 infection was significantly lower among HPV 18 seropositive men in unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted model, while incident and six-month persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections did not differ by baseline serostatus. 2) Up to 31% of prior prevalent and 20% of prior incident HPV infections recurred over time in individual type analyses. New female sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse with female partners, and new male sexual partners were associated with type-specific recurrence of HPV infections (HPV 6, 16, 31 and 58). In grouped analyses, lifetime number of male sexual partners (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.19-4.84) and number of new male sexual partners (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.16-4.74) were associated with recurrence of HPV infections. 3) In individual type analyses, men with a prior HPV 16 genital infection had a significantly higher risk of subsequent anal HPV 16 infection (aHR=4.63, 95% CI 1.41-15.23). Significantly higher HRs were observed for any of the nine HPV types (aHR= 2.8, 95% CI1.32-5.99), high risk HPV types (aHR=2.65, 95% CI 1.26, 5.55) and low risk HPV types (aHR=5.89, 95% CI1.29, 27.01) in grouped analyses. Conclusion: Baseline seropositive status among men was not associated with a reduction in subsequent incident genital HPV 6, 11, and 16 infections, but with a possible protective effect for persistent HPV 18 infections. Men are also susceptible to recurrence of type-specific genital HPV infections, and recurrence of HPV infection was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. MSW men with prior genital HPV infections are more likely to have a subsequent type-specific anal HPV infection than men who did not have prior genital HPV infections. Understanding the natural history of HPV infections among men is essential to control HPV associated diseases in both men and women.

The tail in mammals is an important organ, which in contrast to most vertebrae, doesn't add to the motor function of their bodies. The use of the mamals' tail is much more varied and it can fulfill many different functions. This work includes a survey of these functions and analyzes collected data concerning 553 spieces of mammals across all families. The data includes information about the length of tail, the length of body, body mass, living environment and outer signs on the anal pole of these species. The resulting analysis concludes that the tail length is dependent both on the length of the mammal's body and its living environment. Outward signs of the tail depend on its length as well as the length of the body and the living environment. Distinctive tail ending and tail base probably fulfill a communicative function. The tail is more likely to have communication than cryptic significance.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410705.pdf: 550365 bytes, checksum: 40ad6180a701456c49ed8de583829f1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-06 / As quest?es suscitadas pela multiplicidade de temas abordados em Sein und Zeit (SZ), bem como o modo heideggeriano de apresenta??o e articula??o de seu pensamento, levaram ? procura de um ponto de partida desde o qual uma maior aclara??o e compreens?o das quest?es ali presentes pudessem ser alcan?adas. Considerando isso, nosso estudo apresenta uma discuss?o de tr?s temas da filosofia de Martin Heidegger a partir da recep??o anal?tico-ling??stica de Ernst Tugendhat. Tendo como pano de fundo as quest?es e pressupostos fundamentais de SZ, o estudo abordou tr?s temas constituintes do projeto de SZ: (1) a rela??o do Dasein com seu pr?prio ser; (2) a rela??o do Dasein com os entes intramundanos que n?o possuem seu modo de ser; (3) a pergunta pelo sentido do ser. O enfoque anal?tico-ling??stico na discuss?o de conceitos e teses relativos a esses temas resultou, assim, na constata??o tanto de pontos produtivos e quanto problem?ticos da posi??o de Heidegger. No que concerne a (1), a interpreta??o de Tugendhat mostra a significativa novidade e vantagem do modelo heideggeriano do relacionar-se consigo mesmo diante dos modelos tradicionais baseados na rela??o sujeito/objeto. A respeito de (2), apresentam-se os problemas da concep??o de Heidegger da primazia da manualidade [Zuhandenheit] em compara??o com o ser simplesmente dado [Vorhandenheit] e, ao mesmo tempo, destaca-se a import?ncia do conceito de mundo nesse ?mbito de questionamento. Quanto a (3), colocam-se algumas quest?es sobre a universalidade e adequa??o da pergunta guia de SZ. Vistas em conjunto, essas discuss?es oferecem, primeiro, uma vis?o da perspectiva anal?tico-ling??stica de interpreta??o; segundo, uma determina??o dos pontos em comum entre as posi??es filos?ficas de Heidegger e Tugendhat; terceiro, subs?dios para um estudo de car?ter mais amplo envolvendo mais aspectos importantes da filosofia de Heidegger e uma discuss?o dos pressupostos metodol?gicos da interpreta??o de Tugendhat.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 430513.pdf: 1547447 bytes, checksum: 0170260666124918ad6063f4a39ddcc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-06 / A tese aborda a quest?o do feminino em duas pe?as dram?ticas de Chico Buarque de Hollanda, Calabar: o elogio da trai??o (1973) e Gota d ?gua (1975), sob os postulados da teoria cr?tica de Carl Gustav Jung e de te?ricos p?s-junguianos, mediante os conceitos de inconsciente coletivo e dos arqu?tipos do animus e da anima nele inseridos. A an?lise do g?nero no drama de Chico Buarque ? desenvolvida a partir do pressuposto de que a constitui??o ps?quica da mulher ? formada tamb?m por uma contraparte masculina animus -, que possibilita a ela, atrav?s dessa sua ―virilidade‖, um melhor desenvolvimento (ou n?o) de sua personalidade total. Analogamente, o var?o tamb?m possui em sua psique uma contraparte feminina anima -, que lhe possibilita uma melhor aproxima??o (ou n?o) com seu outro lado mais sens?vel e receptivo. Nesse sentido, ver-se-? de que maneira esses dois arqu?tipos se manifestam respectivamente em personagens femininas principalmente B?rbara, da pe?a Calabar e Joana, da pe?a Gota d ?gua e tamb?m em personagens masculinas, j? que ambos, mulher e homem, est?o intimamente ligados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SynaraLRB_DISSERT.pdf: 752371 bytes, checksum: 1713774d9379e7817a2364d49164a871 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The depression is one of the most common forms of getting ill nowaday. Due to the increase in incidence of depression cases registered worldwide, this theme has been the subject of important studies, especially regarding the symptomatological description and biological etiology of the disease. This research had the objective to understand the unique experience of depression experienced by people who recognize themselves in depression, under the focus of existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger. To reach the proposed objective, individuals narratives interviews were conducted with four participants, starting from the triggering question, "from your experience, how is for you to being depressed?". The survey revealed that depression affects the whole person and is related to stressful life contexts. Depression was narrated as an experience of disempowerment and lack of self esteem and personal worth. The collaborators of the research referred to the depression from sad, angry, bored and pessimistic mood. The time is experienced as a restriction to the projective opening towards the possibilities of being in which the future is seen as catastrophic and the past lived as debt and guilt. The corporeality, in depression is experienced through the weight, fatigue and pains for no reason. The space is lived from the notion of fall and collapse. We also realized the desire for isolation and avoidance of social contact. Suicide is desired and represents the end of the suffering in life. The depression has proved, still, very stigmatized, because it is discredited and misunderstood. The stigma also addressed to the experience of hospitalization and the unsuitability to the socially imposed standards of beauty, which generates enough suffering to the depressed person. The medication was described based on its positive effects, as a balance and suffering reducer, but also as a producer of dependence. Were also identified according to the collaborators, traces of selfdemand, ordenality and being-for-others, characteristic of typus melancholicus. This study contributes to an understanding of the depression that goes beyond the merely biological perspective and symptomatology of the pathology. The investigation of the depressive experience, through the lens of Heidegger's phenomenology, showed us the phenomenon of the depression in their singularity, complexity and multiple meanings, showing the close relationship between the formation of the depression and the context of personal and social life of the participants / A depress?o ? um dos modos de adoecimento mais comuns na atualidade. Devido ao aumento na incid?ncia de casos de depress?o registrados em todo o mundo, este tema tem sido objeto de importantes estudos, especialmente, no tocante ? descri??o sintomatol?gica e etiologia biol?gica da doen?a. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a experi?ncia singular de depress?o vivida por pessoas que se reconhecem em depress?o, sob o enfoque da fenomenologia-existencial de Martin Heidegger. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram realizadas entrevistas-narrativas individuais com quatro participantes, partindo da quest?o disparadora: a partir de sua experi?ncia, como ?, para voc?, estar em depress?o? . A pesquisa revelou que a depress?o afeta a pessoa em sua totalidade e se relaciona a contextos de vida estressantes. A depress?o foi narrada como uma experi?ncia de despotencializa??o e de falta de autoestima e de valor pessoal. Os colaboradores da pesquisa se referiram ? depress?o a partir do humor triste, irritado, entediado e pessimista. O tempo ? vivido como restri??o da abertura projetiva em dire??o ?s possibilidades de ser, em que o futuro ? visto como catastr?fico e o passado vivido como d?bito e culpa. A corporeidade, na depress?o, ? experienciada por meio do peso, do cansa?o e de dores sem motivo. O espa?o ? vivido a partir da no??o de queda e de afundamento. Tamb?m percebemos o desejo pelo isolamento e a evita??o de contato social. O suic?dio ? desejado e representa o fim do sofrimento em vida. A depress?o se mostrou, ainda, muito estigmatizada, pois ? desacreditada e incompreendida. O estigma tamb?m se dirigiu ? viv?ncia de hospitaliza??o e pela n?o adequa??o aos padr?es de beleza institu?dos socialmente, o que gera bastante sofrimento ? pessoa em depress?o. A medica??o foi descrita a partir de seus efeitos positivos, como um equil?brio e atenuador do sofrimento, mas tamb?m como gerador de depend?ncia. Tamb?m foram identificados, na fala dos colaboradores, tra?os de auto-exig?ncia, ordenalidade e ser-por-outrem, caracter?sticos do typus melancholicus. Este estudo contribui para uma compreens?o da depress?o que transcende a perspectiva unicamente biol?gica e sintomatol?gica da patologia. A investiga??o da experi?ncia depressiva, sob a lente da fenomenologia heideggeriana, nos relevou o fen?meno da depress?o em sua singularidade, complexidade e m?ltiplos sentidos, mostrando a ?ntima rela??o entre a constitui??o da depress?o e o contexto de vida pessoal e social dos participantes

This dissertation examines the effectiveness of interventions related to family planning and the uptake of HIV-related preventive services among women in low-income settings. Women in low-income settings and living with HIV face many barriers to care, including limited access to services for family planning and HIV-related preventive care. At the same time, national, regional, and global efforts are looking for interventions to help control rapid population growth, create an HIV-free generation, and provide adequate preventive care for those living with HIV. This dissertation cuts across these issues and can help to inform debate and policies to address these issues. This dissertation comprises three discrete papers. Paper 1 (chapter 1) examines the effectiveness of a national scale-up of community-based distribution of family planning services on contraceptive use in Malawi’s rural areas during the period 2005-2016. The national-scale up of the intervention followed the success of a pilot of a similar intervention implemented in the period 1999-2004. As in the pilot, the scaled-up program distributed condoms and oral contraceptives and provided family planning education. Further, because education and income are important determinants of individual contraceptive use, the paper also examines whether the effectiveness of the national scale CBDs varies over these dimensions. The paper uses the Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys. The study finds that the intervention increased contraceptive use by 6.8 percentage points and the effects were greater among uneducated and low-income women. Paper 2 (chapter 2) conducts a cost-effectiveness analysis of a trial of cash incentives aimed at increasing the uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The trial was conducted in the Democratic of the Congo (DRC) as part of an effort to find ways of increasing uptake of PMTCT services in sub-Saharan Africa where uptake of these services remains low. The study is conducted from the societal perspective, relies on multiple sources within and outside of the DRC for cost data, and reports economic costs in 2016 International Dollars (I$). At a threshold of 3*GDP per capita for the DRC (I$2409), the study finds that the intervention is cost-effective. Paper 3 (chapter 3) examines the guideline concordance of the time to follow-up anal cancer screening in women living with HIV at high risk for anal cancer. In the US, the incidence of anal cancer in women living with HIV has increased significantly in the past 2-3 decades. However, early detection of anal cancer, through regular screening, can lead to effective secondary prevention of the disease. While guidelines for anal cancer screening exist, very little is known about the guideline concordance of the time to follow-up anal cancer screening in women at high risk of acquiring anal cancer. Hence this study. The study uses Medicaid Analytic eXtract files which compile claims of individuals enrolled in Medicaid—a public health insurance program largely for eligible low-income adults and the largest single payer for HIV/AIDS in the US. The study finds that time to follow-up screening is not guideline-concordant for most women living with HIV, particularly those with one of the two risk factors for anal cancer: a history of abnormal cervical test results or a history of genital warts.

African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionately large burden of the Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. To further enhance HIV prevention efforts among men of color, a survey was conducted within New York City’s house ball community; a community largely comprised of racial and ethnic minority persons. Time-space sampling was adapted to recruit participants for the survey from venues frequented by members of the house ball community. Using logistic regression analysis, this study examined the effects of perceived stigma, enacted stigma, sense of community and self-esteem on unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among a sub-sample of men in the survey. Both perceived and enacted stigma had a modest direct effect on engaging in UAI. The direct effect on UAI was significant even after controlling for covariates in the model. The magnitude of the effect on UAI did not vary by race/ethnicity or sexual identity. In addition, perceived and enacted stigma correlated negatively to both sense of community and self-esteem scores. Although sense of community did not buffer the effect of perceived or enacted stigma on UAI, both sense of community and self-esteem were protective against engaging in UAI. However, while the direct effect of sense of community on UAI remained after controlling for covariates in the model, the effect self-esteem had on UAI diminished after adding variables to the model. Further, self-esteem was negatively correlated with both perceived and enacted stigma, but it did not mediate perceived and enacted stigma’s effect on UAI. Implications for HIV prevention strategies given these findings are discussed. Implications include developing multilevel interventions, including structural interventions, to reduce the stigma that is perceived and experienced by men of color as well as building stronger communities for African American and Latino MSM.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-01, page: . Includes bibliographical references