Background: Recent national trends and distribution of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedures for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are unknown. We examined the frequency of use of elective IPAA procedures among patients with UC and the distribution of IPAA procedures across more than 140 U.S. academic medical centers and their affiliates. Methods: Data were obtained from the University HealthSystem Consortium for patients with a primary diagnosis of UC admitted electively between 2012 and 2015. Results: The mean age of the study population (n=6,875) was 43 years and 57% were men. Among these, one-third (n=2,307) underwent an IPAA, while two-thirds (n=4,568) underwent colectomy, proctectomy, proctocolectomy or other procedures. The proportion of IPAA cases among all elective admissions was relatively stable at 33-35% during the years under study. A total of 131 hospitals, out of 279 hospitals participating in the UHC, performed IPAA. The median number of IPAA cases performed annually was 1.9 [IQR 0.8 – 4.3]. Nearly one half (48%) of these cases were performed by the top ten hospitals. Overall, only a total of 30 centers performed ³ five elective IPAA cases annually. Conclusions: Although the frequency of elective IPAA surgery in recent years has been stable, nearly one half of all IPAA cases was performed at ten hospitals. The concentration of IPAA cases at high-volume centers, and the steady number of cases performed annually, have potential implications for fellowship training, patient clinical outcomes and access to care.

Obstetric interventions and pelvic floor disorders - Abstract One of the principal objectives of obstetric interventions in the second stage of labor is prevention of pelvic floor trauma and associated pelvic floor disorders. The most commonly used and also most frequently discussed interventions are manual perineal protection and episiotomy. The majority of pelvic floor disorders are of subjective nature. Therefore, tools for objectification and severity quantification of these disorders are the key to reliable comparison and identification of the most effective interventions. The aim of the dissertation was to find the most effective modification of manual perineal protection, to compare two frequently used types of episiotomy regarding all pelvic floor disorders and finally to find a consensus on the most suitable instrument for anal incontinence severity assessment. Our studies concerning manual perineal protection experimentally described the direction and extent of perineal deformation during vaginal delivery. The subsequent studies on biomechanical model demonstrated that the most effective method of manual perineal protection in peak perineal strain reduction is when the fingers are placed on the perineum 6 cm laterally and 2 cm ventrally from the posterior commissure at both sides and are...

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont lies aux problèmes de vérification de l'atteignabilité et de la terminaison de programmes qui manipulent des données entières non-bornées. On décrit une nouvelle méthode de vérification basée sur une technique d'accélération de boucle, qui calcule, de manière exacte, la clôture transitive d'une relation arithmétique. D'abord, on introduit un algorithme d'accélération de boucle qui peut calculer, en quelques secondes, des clôtures transitives pour des relations de l'ordre d'une centaine de variables. Ensuite, on présente une méthode d'analyse de l'atteignabilité, qui manipule des relations entre les variables entières d'un programme, et applique l'accélération pour le calcul des relations entrée-sortie des procédures, de façon modulaire. Une approche alternative pour l'analyse de l'atteignabilité, présentée également dans cette thèse, intègre l'accélération avec l'abstraction par prédicats, afin de traiter le problème de divergence de cette dernière. Ces deux méthodes ont été évaluées de manière pratique, sur un nombre important d'exemples, qui étaient, jusqu'a présent, hors de la portée des outils d'analyse existants. Dernièrement, on a étudié le problème de la terminaison pour certaines classes de boucles de programme, et on a montré la décidabilité pour les relations étudiées. Pour ces classes de relations arithmétiques, on présente un algorithme qui s'exécute en temps au plus polynomial, et qui calcule l'ensemble d'états qui peuvent générer une exécution infinie. Ensuite on a intégré cet algorithme dans une méthode d'analyse de la terminaison pour des programmes qui manipulent des données entières. / This work presents novel methods for verification of reachability and termination properties of programs that manipulate unbounded integer data. Most of these methods are based on acceleration techniques which compute transitive closures of program loops. We first present an algorithm that accelerates several classes of integer relations and show that the new method performs up to four orders of magnitude better than the previous ones. On the theoretical side, our framework provides a common solution to the acceleration problem by proving that the considered classes of relations are periodic. Subsequently, we introduce a semi-algorithmic reachability analysis technique that tracks relations between variables of integer programs and applies the proposed acceleration algorithm to compute summaries of procedures in a modular way. Next, we present an alternative approach to reachability analysis that integrates predicate abstraction with our acceleration techniques to increase the likelihood of convergence of the algorithm. We evaluate these algorithms and show that they can handle a number of complex integer programs where previous approaches failed. Finally, we study the termination problem for several classes of program loops and show that it is decidable. Moreover, for some of these classes, we design a polynomial time algorithm that computes the exact set of program configurations from which non-terminating runs exist. We further integrate this algorithm into a semi-algorithmic method that analyzes termination of integer programs, and show that the resulting technique can verify termination properties of several non-trivial integer programs. / Tato pr´ace pˇredstavuje nov´e metody pro verifikaci program°u pracuj´ıc´ıch s neomezen´ymiceloˇc´ıslen´ymi promˇenn´ymi, konkr´etnˇe metody pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti a koneˇcnosti.Vˇetˇsina tˇechto metod je zaloˇzena na akceleraˇcn´ıch technik´ach, kter´e poˇc´ıtaj´ı tranzitivn´ıuz´avˇery cykl°u programu.V pr´aci je nejprve pˇredstaven algoritmus pro akceleraci nˇekolika tˇr´ıd celoˇc´ıseln´ychrelac´ı. Tento algoritmus je aˇz o ˇctyˇri ˇr´ady rychlejˇs´ı neˇz existuj´ıc´ı techniky. Z teoretick´ehohlediska pr´ace dokazuje, ˇze uvaˇzovan´e tˇr´ıdy relac´ı jsou periodick´e a poskytuje tud´ıˇzjednotn´e ˇreˇsen´ı prol´emu akcelerace.Pr´ace d´ale pˇredstavuje semi-algoritmus pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti celoˇc´ıseln´ych program°u, kter´y sleduje relace mezi promˇenn´ymi programu a aplikuje akceleraˇcn´ı technikyza ´uˇcelem modul´arn´ıho v´ypoˇctu souhrn°u procedur. D´ale je v pr´aci navrˇzen alternativn´ıalgoritmus pro anal´yzu dosaˇzitelnosti, kter´y integruje predik´atovou abstrakci s accelerac´ıs c´ılem zv´yˇsit pravdˇepodobnost konvergence v´ypoˇctu. Proveden´e experimenty ukazuj´ı, ˇzeoba algoritmy lze ´uspˇeˇsnˇe aplikovat k verifikaci program°u, na kter´ych pˇredchoz´ı metodyselh´avaly.Pr´ace se rovnˇeˇz zab´yv´a probl´emem koneˇcnosti bˇehu program°u a dokazuje, ˇze tentoprobl´em je rozhodnuteln´y pro nˇekolik tˇr´ıd celoˇc´ıseln´ych relac´ı. Pro nˇekter´e z tˇechto tˇr´ıdrelac´ı je v pr´aci navrˇzen algoritmus, kter´y v polynomi´aln´ım ˇcase vypoˇc´ıt´a mnoˇzinu vˇsechkonfigurac´ı programu, z nichˇz existuje nekoneˇcn´y bˇeh. Tento algoritmus je integrov´ando metody, kter´a analyzuje koneˇcnost bˇeh°u celoˇc´ıseln´ych program°u. Efektivnost t´etometody je demonstrov´ana na nˇekolika netrivi´aln´ıch celoˇc´ıseln´ych programech.

Obstetric interventions and pelvic floor disorders - Abstract One of the principal objectives of obstetric interventions in the second stage of labor is prevention of pelvic floor trauma and associated pelvic floor disorders. The most commonly used and also most frequently discussed interventions are manual perineal protection and episiotomy. The majority of pelvic floor disorders are of subjective nature. Therefore, tools for objectification and severity quantification of these disorders are the key to reliable comparison and identification of the most effective interventions. The aim of the dissertation was to find the most effective modification of manual perineal protection, to compare two frequently used types of episiotomy regarding all pelvic floor disorders and finally to find a consensus on the most suitable instrument for anal incontinence severity assessment. Our studies concerning manual perineal protection experimentally described the direction and extent of perineal deformation during vaginal delivery. The subsequent studies on biomechanical model demonstrated that the most effective method of manual perineal protection in peak perineal strain reduction is when the fingers are placed on the perineum 6 cm laterally and 2 cm ventrally from the posterior commissure at both sides and are...

What can 15th century France and heavy metal have in common? In Heavy Metal Humor, Gary Powell explores metal culture through the work of Mikael Bakhtin‘s “carnivalesque theory.” Describing the practice of inverting commonly understood notions of respectability and the increasing attempts to normalize them, Bakhtin argues that carnivals in Francois Rabelais’ work illustrate a sacrilegious uprising by the peasant classes during carnival days against dogmatic aristocrats. Powell asserts that Rabelais’ work describes cartoonish carnivals that continue in as exaggerated themes and tropes into other literary styles, such as comedy and horror that ultimately inform modern-day metal culture. To highlight the similarities of Bakhtin’s interpretation of Rabelais’ work to modern-day metal culture, Powell draw parallels to between Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theory and metal culture with two different, exemplary “humorous” metal performances, GWAR and Anal Cunt. Powell chooses “humorous” metal groups because, to achieve their humor, they exaggerate tropes, and behaviors in metal culture. To this end, Powell explores metal culture through GWAR, a costumed band who sprays their audience with fake body fluids as they decapitate effigies. He points out examples of Rabelais’ work which Bakhtin uses to describe carnivalesque tropes, and threads them to modern-day metal culture. Powell then indicates how carnivalesque performances amplify with Anal Cunt, a “satirical” hateful, grindcore group. In the band’s performance which is both serious and humorous at once, Anal Cunt draws on several carnivalesque behaviors. To dissect this band’s performance, Powell augments Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theory with Richard Schechner’s theory of “dark play” and Johan Huizinga’s “play communities” to more describe and illustrate why some aspects of modern-day metal culture do not match Bakhtin’s theory based on medieval French literature. However, carnivalesque humor becomes ambiguous and social and political problems arise as it escalates. As disrespectability is promoted, social and political tensions surface. Countering Bakhtin’s utopian notion of carnivalesque uprising, Powell highlights how socio-political turmoil presents itself in carnivalesque performance by referring to examples of confusion and concern regarding racism and sexism, something left unexplored in Bakhtin’s work. Powell suggests expanding and modernizing Bakhtin’s carnival could open pathways toward solutions to carnival culture’s socio-political ills.

A novel fuzzy system named as 2-way fuzzy system is developed by combining the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory with the fuzzy systems theory. The developed system is used in modelling and minimizing uncertainty and inconsistency. Uncertainty is the width of the interval introduced by the independent assignment of membership and nonmembership functions of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets / and inconsistency is the violation of the consistency inequality in this assignment. The uncertainty and inconsistency is reduced through a 2 phase training. An evaluation of the degree of reduction of inconsistency is carried out at the end of the rst phase of training by forming the shadowed set patterns of the membership and nonmembership functions. The system is further trained for a second phase in order to reduce uncertainty. There are three dierent methods developed for the stability analysis of fuzzy systems. The rst method is based on the approximating sequences technique, and the design turns into an optimal control problem. In the sec ond analysis, describing function of a 2-way fuzzy system is evaluated analytically, and a systematic design approach is developed using describing function technique. The last analysis technique employs the Lie algebra theory in the stability analysis of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. The theoretical results are simulated on an application system, which is a exible-joint robot arm system.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 fer.pdf: 3531496 bytes, checksum: da51c0e714843d62cd73ad67737d85b2 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:58:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 fer.pdf: 3531496 bytes, checksum: da51c0e714843d62cd73ad67737d85b2 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 fer.pdf: 3531496 bytes, checksum: da51c0e714843d62cd73ad67737d85b2 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / L-Dopa ? convertida em dopamina no c?rebro e continua a ser a droga mais amplamente prescrita no tratamento da doen?a de Parkinson. Um sens?vel e seletivo sensor foi desenvolvido para a determina??o voltam?trica de L-Dopa em formula??es farmac?uticas usando um Eletrodo de Grafite Pirol?tico de Plano Basal (EGPPB) modificado com cloro(piridil)bis(dimetilglioximato) de cobalto (III) (Co(DMG)2ClPy), um modelo sint?tico da vitamina B12, adsorvido em Nanotubos de Carbono de Paredes M?ltiplas (NCPM), o qual foi denominado EGPPB/NCPM/Co(DMG)2ClPy. Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier foram utilizadas para caracterizar os materiais. A oxida??o de L-Dopa utilizando o EGPPB/NCPM/Co(DMG)2ClPy foi investigada por Voltametria C?clica, Amperometria, Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial e Voltametria de Onda Quadrada. O eletrodo modificado apresentou uma excelente atividade catal?tica para a oxida??o de L-Dopa em 180 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Os par?metros que influenciam a resposta do eletrodo foram investigados. As condi??es ?timas foram encontradas para o eletrodo modificado com 100 ?mol L-1 de Co(DMG)2ClPy, 2 mg mL-1 de NCPM, em solu??o tamp?o fosfato na concentra??o de 0,2 mol L-1 (pH 7,4). O n?mero de el?trons envolvidos na oxida??o de L-Dopa foi igual a dois. As correntes de pico voltam?tricas apresentaram uma resposta linear para a concentra??o de L-Dopa no intervalo de 3 a 100 ?mol L-1 para n = 12 (R = 0,9992), com sensibilidade, limite de detec??o e limite de quantifica??o iguais a 4,43 ?A cm-2/?mol L-1, 0,86 e 2,87 ?mol L-1, respectivamente. O Desvio Padr?o Relativo para 10 determina??es de solu??o 50 ?mol L-1 de L-Dopa foi de 1,63%. Os resultados obtidos para a determina??o de L-Dopa em formula??es farmac?uticas est?o de acordo com o m?todo de compara??o oficial. Estudos de adi??o e recupera??o do analito foram realizados para avaliar a exatid?o do m?todo e verificou-se que foi poss?vel uma porcentagem de recupera??o entre 99,4 e 101,5% para a L-Dopa. Portanto, o sensor desenvolvido pode ser aplicado com sucesso para a determina??o do referido f?rmaco em medicamentos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT L-Dopa is converted to dopamine in the brain and remains the most widely prescribed drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. A sensitive and selective method was developed for the voltammetric determination of L-Dopa in pharmaceutical formulations using a Basal Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode (BPPGE) modified with chloro(pyridil)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) (Co(DMG)2ClPy), synthetic model of vitamin B12, absorbed on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), denominated MWCNT/Co(DMG)2ClPy/BPPGE. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The oxidation of L-Dopa using the MWCNT/Co(DMG)2ClPy/BPPGE was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry, Amperometry, Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Square Wave Voltammetry. The modified electrode showed an excellent catalytic activity for L-Dopa oxidation at 180 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The parameters that influence on the electrode response were investigated. The optimum conditions were found to the modified electrode with 100 ?mol L-1 Co(DMG)2ClPy, 2 mg mL-1 MWCNT, in 0.2 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). The number of electrons involved in L-Dopa oxidation was two. Voltammetric peak currents showed a linear response for L-Dopa concentration in the range from 3 up to 100 ?mol L-1 for n = 12 (R = 0.9992), with a sensitivity, detection limit and quantification limit of 4.43 ?A cm-2/?mol L-1, 0.86 and 2.87 ?mol L-1, respectively. The Relative Standard Deviation for 10 determinations of 50 ?mol L-1 L-Dopa was 1.63%. The results obtained for L-Dopa determination in pharmaceutical formulations was in accordance with the official method of comparison. Studies of addition and recovery of the analyte were carried out to evaluate the error of the method and was verified a recovery percentage between 99.4 and 101.5% for L-Dopa. Therefore the sensor developed can be applied successfully to the determination of this drug in pharmaceuticals formulations.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Bruno_Regis_Lyrio_Ferraz.PDF: 3015137 bytes, checksum: d479e9335e2f200939b52075f9b84382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / RESUMO Etionamida e pirazinamida s?o antibi?ticos ?teis no tratamento da tuberculose multirresistente. O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento e valida??o de metodologias eletroanal?ticas para determina??o de etionamida e pirazinamida em formula??es farmac?uticas e em urina humana empregando um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro e um eletrodo de carbono v?treo modificado comum filme de poli glicina. Durante o desenvolvimento de ambas as metodologias, a voltametria c?clica foi empregada para verificar a influ?ncia do pH, da velocidade de varredura e do eletr?lito suporte no comportamento eletroqu?mico de ambos os analitos, bem como foram calculados os n?meros de pr?tons e el?trons envolvidos em cada uma das rea??es eletroqu?micas. A voltametria de onda quadrada com os par?metros otimizados foi utilizada para construir curvas anal?ticas para a ETO e PZA. Para a ETO foi obtido um intervalo linear de 1,0 a 80,0 ?mol L?1, com LOD e LOQ iguais a 0,294 e 0,980 ?mol L?1, respectivamente. Para a PZA foi obtido um intervalo linear de 0,47 a 6,16 ?mol L?1, com LOD e LOQ iguais a 0,035 e 0,12 ?mol L?1, respectivamente. A precis?o foi avaliada pelo registro de voltamogramas no mesmo dia e em dias diferentes, obtendo-se desvios padr?es relativos, inferiores a 5,0% em ambos os m?todos. Os resultados dos estudos de interferentes mostraram que nenhuma das subst?ncias testadas interferiu de maneira significativa na determina??o de ambos os f?rmacos. Os m?todos desenvolvidos foram comparados estatisticamente com os protocolos oficiais da farmacopeia atrav?s do teste-t e do teste-F, e os resultados mostraram que os valores de t e F calculados foram menores do que os valores de t e F cr?ticos, indicando que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica entre as m?dias. A exatid?o de ambos os m?todos foi avaliada tamb?m por estudos de adi??o e recupera??o, obtendo-se como resultados percentuais de recupera??o pr?ximos a 100% para ambos os m?todos. A valida??o das metodologias desenvolvidas foi realizada pela avalia??o dos par?metros anal?ticos como sensibilidade, seletividade, limite de detec??o, limite de quantifica??o, faixa linear, exatid?o e precis?o e os resultados obtidos foram satisfat?rios. Portanto, os m?todos desenvolvidos podem ser aplicados com sucesso na determina??o dos f?rmacos ETO e PZA em medicamentos e urina humana. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / ABSTRACT Ethionamide and pyrazinamide antibiotics are useful in the treatment of multidrugresistant tuberculosis. This work describes the development and validation of electroanalytical methodologies for determination of ethionamide and pyrazinamide in pharmaceutical formulation and human urine using boron-doped diamond electrode and poly glycine modified glassy carbon electrode, respectively. During the development of both methodologies, cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the influence of pH, scan rate and the supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical behavior of both analytes, as well as the numbers of protons and electrons involved in each of the electrochemical reactions were calculated. Square wave voltammetry with optimized parameters were used to construct standard curves for ETO and PZA. For ETO a linear range from 1.0 to 80.0 ?mol L?1 was obtained with LOD and LOQ equal to 0.294 and 0.980 ?mol L?1, respectively. For PZA a linear range from 0.47 to 6.16 ?mol L?1was obtained with LOD and LOQ equal to 0.035 and 0.12 ?mol L?1, respectively. The precision was evaluated by voltammograms record on the same day and on different days, obtaining relative standard deviation less than 5.0% in both methods. The results of interfering studies showed that none of the tested substance interferes significantly in the determination of both drugs. The developed methods were statistically compared with the pharmacopoeia official protocols through the t-test and F-test, and the results showed that the calculated t and F values were lower than the critical t and F values indicating that there was no statistical difference between the averages. The accuracy of both methods was also evaluated by addition and recovery studies, obtaining results as percentage recovery close to 100% for both methods. The validation of the developed methodologies was carried out by the evaluation of analytical parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, quantification limit, linear range, accuracy and precision and the obtained results were satisfactory. Therefore, the developed methods can be applied successfully in the determination of ETO and PZA drugs in pharmaceuticals and human urine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaAA_TESE.pdf: 2312979 bytes, checksum: 31c1a19cbf37d537febd576ec54e5eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Discrepancies between classical model predictions and experimental data for deep bed filtration have been reported by various authors. In order to understand these discrepancies, an analytic continuum model for deep bed filtration is proposed. In this model, a filter coefficient is attributed to each distinct retention mechanism (straining, diffusion, gravity interception, etc.). It was shown that these coefficients generally cannot be merged into an effective filter coefficient, as considered in the classical model. Furthermore, the derived analytic solutions for the proposed model were applied for fitting experimental data, and a very good agreement between experimental data and proposed model predictions were obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with empirical correlations allowed identifying the dominant retention mechanisms. In addition, it was shown that the larger the ratio of particle to pore sizes, the more intensive the straining mechanism and the larger the discrepancies between experimental data and classical model predictions. The classical model and proposed model were compared via statistical analysis. The obtained p values allow concluding that the proposed model should be preferred especially when straining plays an important role. In addition, deep bed filtration with finite retention capacity was studied. This work also involves the study of filtration of particles through porous media with a finite capacity of filtration. It was observed, in this case, that is necessary to consider changes in the boundary conditions through time evolution. It was obtained a solution for such a model using different functions of filtration coefficients. Besides that, it was shown how to build a solution for any filtration coefficient. It was seen that, even considering the same filtration coefficient, the classic model and the one here propposed, show different predictions for the concentration of particles retained in the porous media and for the suspended particles at the exit of the media / Discrep?ncias encontradas entre dados experimentais e previs?es feitas a partir do modelo cl?ssico foram relatadas por v?rios autores. Para entender essas discrep?ncias, um modelo anal?tico cont?nuo para a filtra??o profunda ? proposto. Neste modelo, cada mecanismo de reten??o est? associado a um coeficiente de filtra??o diferente. Foi mostrado que os coeficientes de filtra??o n?o podem ser somados e considerados em um ?nico coeficiente de filtra??o global como se apenas um mecanismo de reten??o atuasse no sistema, o que ? feito no modelo cl?ssico. Al?m disso, foram obtidas solu??es expl?citas para o sistema de equa??es que representam o modelo proposto. Tais solu??es foram usadas para ajustar os dados experimentais, e um bom ajuste foi obtido. Comparando os resultados obtidos com rela??es emp?ricas dispon?veis na literatura foi poss?vel identificar o mecanismo de reten??o mais atuante na filtra??o. Foi mostrado ainda, que quanto maior o tamanho das part?culas injetadas, mais atuante ? o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho e maiores as discrep?ncias entre o modelo proposto e o modelo cl?ssico. Os modelos cl?ssico e proposto foram comparados atrav?s de uma an?lise estat?stica. Tal an?lise mostrou que os ajustes feitos com o modelo proposto s?o significativamente melhores que os ajustes feitos com o modelo cl?ssico, principalmente quando o mecanismo de exclus?o pelo tamanho ? o mais atuante na filtra??o. Neste trabalho foi, tamb?m, estudado a filtra??o de part?culas em meio poroso com capacidade finita de filtra??o. Observou-se, neste caso, que ? necess?rio considerar mudan?as nas condi??es de fronteira com a evolu??o do tempo. Foi obtida a solu??o para tal modelo para diferentes fun??es de coeficiente de filtra??o. Al?m disso, foi mostrado como construir a solu??o para um coeficiente de filtra??o qualquer. Observou-se que, ainda que se considere o mesmo coeficiente de filtra??o, o modelo cl?ssico e o modelo proposto apresentam previs?es distintas para as concentra??es de part?culas retidas no meio e de part?culas em suspens?o na sa?da do meio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LunardoAS.pdf: 501752 bytes, checksum: 4b92e4de82be9123f2141ed76a6436df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / This thesis carries through an application of Analysis of Multicriterion Decision with use of the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the problematic one of taking of decision of the adoption of electronic collecting in the system of urban transport in the country, a subject that has been controversial. A modeling of criteria and alternatives is carried through and applied a questionnaire based on method AHP the excellent actors in the system of urban transport - Leading of the Managing Agency Public Municipal theatre of Urban Transports, Controller of Company of Bus, Controller of Labor union, Controller of Union of Companies, Communitarian Leader. The considered alternatives were: the maintenance of the current state with collectors, the implementation of electronic collection without collectors, and the implementation of electronic collection with collectors. The used criteria were: job, impact in the fare, control of the system, easiness of use, information. The study was carried through in the city of Natal, RN, where if the adoption of electronic collection argues and where this implementation in some bus lines between Natal and Parnamirim exists, city that integrates the region of the great Natal. The main results of the method evidence in a dimension, the viability of use of method AHP with questionnaire by means of validation of the judgments with analysis of variance beyond proper the normal mechanisms of analysis of consistency to the method, and in another one, the contribution of the analysis boarding multicriterion to become the judgments more clearly. The main results of the analysis help to show that although to models of criteria and distinct judgments of the actors, the method evidenced that it has inclination the adoption of the electronic collection on the current situation, even so with divergences between the maintenance or not of the collector. The research points to the possibility of accomplishment of the application of the AHP in successive rounds of judgments / Esta Disserta??o de Mestrado realiza uma aplica??o de An?lise de Decis?o Multicrit?rio com uso do m?todo de Processo de Hierarquia Anal?tica (Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP) na problem?tica de tomada de decis?o da ado??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica no sistema de transporte urbano no pa?s, um assunto que tem sido controverso. ? realizada uma modelagem de crit?rios e alternativas e aplicado um question?rio baseado no m?todo AHP a atores relevantes no sistema de transporte urbano Dirigente do ?rg?o Gestor P?blico Municipal de Transportes Urbanos, Dirigente de Empresa de ?nibus, Dirigente de Sindicato de Trabalhadores, Dirigente de Sindicato de Empresas, L?der Comunit?rio. As alternativas consideradas foram: a manuten??o do estado atual com cobradores, a implementa??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica sem cobradores, e a implementa??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica com cobradores. Os crit?rios utilizados foram Emprego, Impacto na Tarifa, Controle do Sistema, Facilidade de Uso, Informa??o. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Natal, RN, onde se discute a ado??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica e onde existe essa implementa??o em algumas linhas entre Natal e Parnamirim, cidade que integra a regi?o da Grande Natal. Os principais resultados do m?todo evidenciam em uma dimens?o a viabilidade de uso do m?todo AHP com question?rio mediante valida??o dos julgamentos com an?lise de vari?ncia al?m dos mecanismos normais de an?lise de consist?ncia pr?prios ao m?todo, e em outra a contribui??o da abordagem de an?lise multicrit?rio para tornar mais claro os julgamentos. Os principais resultados da an?lise ajudam a mostrar que apesar de modelos de crit?rios e julgamentos distintos dos atores, o m?todo evidenciou que h? domin?ncia final da ado??o da bilhetagem eletr?nica sobre o estado atual, embora com diverg?ncias entre a manuten??o ou n?o do cobrador. A pesquisa aponta para a possibilidade de realiza??o da aplica??o do AHP em rodadas de julgamentos sucessivas