A presente tese tem por objetivo identificar estruturas e dinâmicas associadas à circulação de diferentes tipos de acontecimentos jornalísticos no Twitter. Busca-se, com isso, comparar as formas de circulação de narrativas em torno de diferentes tipos de acontecimentos jornalísticos em sites de rede social. Tem-se como pressuposto o fato de que o jornalismo contemporâneo estaria configurado como uma rede, formada por nós compostos por diversos atores para além dos veículos jornalísticos, os quais, através da participação de variadas formas, contribuem para a circulação jornalística. O referencial teórico do trabalho aborda o paradigma de redes, a circulação na cibercultura e no jornalismo, as especificidades da circulação e da recirculação jornalística em sites de rede social e o acontecimento jornalístico. Para operacionalizar a pesquisa, utiliza-se como método o estudo de caso de postagens no Twitter em torno de determinados acontecimentos jornalísticos associados à Copa do Mundo de 2014. Ao todo quatro casos são estudados tendo como procedimentos metodológicos a observação e a análise de redes sociais. Os resultados trazem indícios de que a participação do público na circulação jornalística traz modificações não apenas para o jornalismo como também pode provocar ressignificações no próprio acontecimento. / In this thesis, we aim to identify structures and dynamics associated to the circulation of different types of news events on Twitter. Thus, we seek to compare forms of circulation of narratives about different types of news events in social network sites. One of the premises we adopt is the fact that contemporary journalism is shaped like a network, composed by nodes that comprises diverse actors beyond news outlets, which, through participation in various forms, contribute to news circulation. We use as a theoretical background concepts related to the network paradigm, to circulation of contents on cyberculture and journalism, the specificities of news circulation and recirculation in social network sites, and news events. In order to operationalize the research, we use the method of case study of posts on Twitter about some specific news events related to the 2014 FIFA’s World Cup. We studied four cases using a combination of observation and social network analysis. The results provide evidence that the participation of the public on news circulation brings changes not only for journalism but also leads to a reframing in the events themselves.

Résume de thèse non disponible / No summary

In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit – im Charakter einer Pionierstudie auf diesem Gebiet – wird mittels selbstkonstruiertem Onlinesurvey untersucht, inwiefern die Social-Network-Site Facebook die Bildungspartizipation und das Konsumverhalten ihrer Nutzer beeinflusst und verändert. Nach Definition eines sozialen Netzwerks, einer Social-Network-Site und definitorischer Eingliederung von Facebook als solche wird die Sozialplattform selbst historisch und faktisch erklärt und der bisherige Forschungsstand zusammengetragen. Zur weiteren Hypothesenformulierung dienen für die Bildungspartizipation Marotzkis strukturale Bildungstheorie (1990) und Banduras kognitive Lerntheorie (1979), für das Konsumverhalten ebenfalls Banduras sozial-kognitive Lerntheorie (1971; 1976; 1986), Heiders Balancetheorie (1946) und Festingers soziale Vergleichstheorie (1954). Nach äußerst umfangreicher Operationalisierung, Rekodierung und Skalenbildung, univariater und bivariater Analyse, Drittvariablenkontrolle und Mediationsprüfung werden im Regressionsabschnitt alle fünf Prädiktoren der Haupthypothesen der Bildungspartizipation und drei der fünf Haupthypothesen des Konsumverhaltens bestätigt. Die „Anzahl an Facebook-Freunden“, „Neue Facebook- Freunde“, „Daten aus der Vergangenheit“, „Lesen bildungsrelevanter Aspekte“ und die „Facebook-Nutzungshäufigkeit (pro Woche)“ beeinflussen somit signifikant positiv die Bildungspartizipation. Die „Neigung zu positiv geschlossenen Triaden“, die „Relevanz positiver Meinungen der Vergleichspersonen“ und die „Beobachtung positiver Signale Statushoher“ beeinflussen positiv-signifikant das Konsumverhalten, wobei jedoch im Endmodell die „Beobachtung negativer Konsumerfahrungen“ und die „Relevanz der Ähnlichkeit von Vergleichspersonen“ keinen statistisch gesicherten Effekt mehr aufweisen. Der überwiegende Teil der vorab gebildeten Unterhypothesen – als theoretische Zusatzannahmen fundiert – werden bestätigt. Als weiteres statistisches Instrument wird ein Künstliches Neuronales Netz als Regressionsfunktionsapproximator eingesetzt, das bemerkenswert genau die Einflussstärken der Haupthypothesenvariablen validiert. / Nowadays, the social network site Facebook preferably serves as an appropriate medium of communication and as adviser on issues about daily life. Thus, recent social scientists have plenty of reasons to investigate the research field Facebook, the connections amongst its members, their cognitive structures and way of behaving which is frequently not intended. Through an online survey, including 1,358 German respondents, the influence of Facebook on educational participation and consumer behaviour is analysed. According consumer behaviour as dependent variable, Heider´s Balance Theory (1946), Bandura´s Social Cognitive Theory (1971, 1976, 1986), and Festinger´s Theory of Social Comparison Processes (1954), including theoretical continuations for each of these, are used. In order to derivate hypotheses for educational participation Marotzki´s Strukturale Bildungstheorie (1990), further extensions and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Learning Theory are taken. To sum up, tending to positively closed triads, relevant positive opinions of persons of comparison, and observing positively social signals from persons with a high status on Facebook significantly and positively influence consumer behaviour. Surprisingly, there is no significant influence from similarity to persons of comparison and observations of negative consumer´s experience. All hypotheses concerning educational participation could be confirmed: For instance, the more often a person gets new Facebook friends or the more often friends post visible educational aspects (i.e. newspaper articles or similar), the higher is educational participation on Facebook. These results, analysed by a regression analysis, are checked by an alternative method which is rarely used in that context. Using an artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) a sensitivity analysis is conducted. Interestingly, the rank order of beta coefficients is almost reproduced. The existing study which was carried out at the Institute of Sociology in Leipzig is a pilot experiment in respect of both theoretical and methodical aspects. There are exploratively connections between social-psychological theory and consumer behaviour and educational participation on Facebook, supported by an extensive implementation of control variables.

Betrieb eines Knotens in einem Distributed Semantic Social Network. Der Knoten umfasst Funktionen zur Erstellung einer persönlichen Beschreibung, zur Verwaltung von Freundschaftsbeziehungen und zur Kommunikation mit anderen Teilnehmern des Netzwerks. Die entstandene Implementierung ist bereits auf leistungsschwacher, kostengünstiger und energieeffizienter Hardware praktisch im Einsatz. Zusätzlich wurden ihre Skalierungseigenschaften in einem Testaufbau mit mehreren Knoten untersucht.

The influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) particularly internet technology has had a fundamental impact on the way government is administered, provides services and interacts with citizens. Currently, the use of social media is no longer limited to informal environments but is an increasingly important medium of communication between citizens and governments. The extensive and increasing use of social media will continue to generate huge amounts of user-generated content known as Big Social Data (BSD). The growing body of BSD presents innumerable opportunities as well as challenges for local government planning, management and delivery of public services to citizens. However, the governments have not yet utilised the potential of BSD for better understanding the public and gaining new insights from this new way of interactions. Some of the reasons are lacking in the mechanism and guidance to analyse this new format of data. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate how the body of BSD can be mined, analysed and applied in the context of local government in the UK. The objective is to develop a Big Social Data Analytics (BSDA) model that can be applied in the case of local government. Data generated from social media over a year were collected, collated and analysed using a range of social media analytics and network analysis tools and techniques. The final BSDA model was applied to a local council case to evaluate its impact in real practice. This study allows to better understand the methods of analysing the BSD in the public sector and extend the literature related to e-government, social media, and social network theory / Universiti Utara Malaysia

<p><em>Tangible social network system is a home-based communication solution specifically designed for elders. Former researches indicate that insufficient communication among elders cause several challenges in their daily activities such as social isolation, loneliness, depression and decreased appetite. In addition, lack of social participation increases the risk of Alzheimer´s (Ligt Enid, 1990). The major cause of these challenges are that elders are increasingly removed from communication technology using emails, text messaging, interact with social network systems and mobile phones due to cognitive and physical difficulties. To overcome this problem, new suggested social network system incorporates photo frame and photo album based interaction which allows instantaneous participation to the social network. By designing the new social network system, I tried to create an easier venue for more active cross-generational communication between elders and younger family members.This paper discusses the early results of the marker based social networking system aiming to propose digital technologies to enhance the social life of older people, who live alone their home. A prototype combining a touch screen, photo frame and a camera are described. It allows the older people to manage their participation to the social network system and get in touch with their loved ones. This paper demonstrates a User Sensitive inclusive Design (USID) process from the generation of user needs to the evaluation prototype. A key theme of tangible social network system shows how usable and emotional design derived from a user inclusive design process can encourage elders to adopt new modern technology. A first evaluation has shown the usability as well as the good acceptance of this system.</em></p> / AGNES

Tangible social network system is a home-based communication solution specifically designed for elders. Former researches indicate that insufficient communication among elders cause several challenges in their daily activities such as social isolation, loneliness, depression and decreased appetite. In addition, lack of social participation increases the risk of Alzheimer´s (Ligt Enid, 1990). The major cause of these challenges are that elders are increasingly removed from communication technology using emails, text messaging, interact with social network systems and mobile phones due to cognitive and physical difficulties. To overcome this problem, new suggested social network system incorporates photo frame and photo album based interaction which allows instantaneous participation to the social network. By designing the new social network system, I tried to create an easier venue for more active cross-generational communication between elders and younger family members.This paper discusses the early results of the marker based social networking system aiming to propose digital technologies to enhance the social life of older people, who live alone their home. A prototype combining a touch screen, photo frame and a camera are described. It allows the older people to manage their participation to the social network system and get in touch with their loved ones. This paper demonstrates a User Sensitive inclusive Design (USID) process from the generation of user needs to the evaluation prototype. A key theme of tangible social network system shows how usable and emotional design derived from a user inclusive design process can encourage elders to adopt new modern technology. A first evaluation has shown the usability as well as the good acceptance of this system. / AGNES

Title: Internet marketing and social network of Počítačová pohotovost s.r.o. Objective: Analysis of using social network Facebook in Internet Marketing company Počítačová pohotovost s.r.o., evaluation of corporate and client advertising campaigns presented on the social network Facebook. Methods: Qualitative research, analysis using of social networks Results: It was found that company Počítačová pohotovost s.r.o. use social network Facebook as an additional tool of internet marketing. Its use does not meet the full potential that social networks have, and there is space for further improvement. Keywords: internet marketing, social network marketing on social networks, social network Facebook

Master of Science / Department of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning / Stephanie Rolley / The City of Emerado, North Dakota, population 414, located in northeast North Dakota is the subject of a Social Network Analysis (SNA), conducted prior to it being the subject of a University of North Dakota Center for Community Engagement, Community Connect Forum. The SNA was developed based on the results of 25 interviews conducted with local residents, elected officials and business owners, using snowball sampling and following grounded theory methods. The interview results were coded and memos were written to aid in the analysis. Social Network data was entered into the Sentinel Visualizer software (FMS Advanced Systems Group) to develop a visual image of the network, including nodes (people, organizations or businesses) and links to illustrate the relationships between nodes. The SNA helps to frame the relationships in terms of bridging and bonding social capital. The SNA provides the ability to mathematically determine the most important nodes to the community social network, using calculations to determine levels of degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, Eigenvalue, and network density. After calculating these elements, categorical descriptions of the top ten individuals for each category are provided. The networks of five individuals are reviewed in depth to aid in comprehending the process of incrementally expanding networks.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de recenser les critères qui permettent de donner sens aux oeuvres d’art contemporain dans l’espace public. Lors des conflits d’opinions, les protagonistes sont amenés à monter en généralité pour justifier leur point de vue, ce qui permet au chercheur d’avoir accès aux valeurs qui confèrent un sens à l’objet. Cependant, l’emprise du discours promotionnel du monde de l’art contemporain et les contraintes ayant transformé la critique d’art en un journalisme désengagé et consensuel rendent problématique la légitimité d’une critique négative dans l’espace public. L’enquête a d’abord porté sur les sujets développés par les journaux télévisés sur l’art contemporain afin d’appréhender les critères mobilisés par ce journalisme de communication qui tente de satisfaire la variété des valeurs admises par la société. Par la suite, les disputes des profanes sur le réseau social YouTube ont été analysées. Celles-ci donnent accès à une prise de parole libérée des contraintes du monde de l’art et du journalisme permettant à des critiques négatives de s’exprimer. Grâce à une sociologie des valeurs et une analyse du discours, il fut possible de typifier les arguments recevables dans l’espace public.Cette typification permet d’énoncer l’hypothèse que le sens politique donné à l’art désamorce, paradoxalement, la possibilité d’une polémique. Cette politisation de l’art favorise des critères d’évaluation des oeuvres dont la cohérence apparaît en considérant l’insolite comme une nouvelle catégorie esthétique commune à différentes pratiques culturelles. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify criteria to understand how contemporary artworks make sense in public space. When conflict of opinions happen, protagonists are led to rise in generality to justify their point of view, which allows the researcher to access at values giving a meaning to the object. However, the influence of the promotional discourse from the contemporary art world and the constraints that transformed art criticism in a journalism disengaged and consensual make problematic the legitimacy of a negative critique in the public space. First, the research focused on the subjects covered by newscast about contemporary art in order to understand criteria raised by this communication journalism that tries to satisfy the variety of accepted values by society. Then, disputes on the social network YouTube were analyzed. These give access to a speech freed from the constraints of the art world and journalism where the expression of a negative critique is possible. Thanks to sociology of values and a discourse analysis, it was possible to typify the receivable arguments in the public sphere. This patterning allows to state the hypothesis that the political meaning given to art defuses, paradoxically, the possibility of controversy. This politicization of art promotes evaluation criteria of artworks whose consistency appears considering the ‘‘insolite’’ as a new aesthetic category common to different cultural practices.