Background - Equity-based crowdfunding is rapidly emerging as a source of funding, as a way for ventures to overcome financial obstacles. It is based on a large number of investors, the crowd, who contributes with smaller investments that together helps fund the venture, where the investor in return receives equity in the venture. In order for the entrepreneur to successfully fund their ventures, it is important to understand what motivates the investors to invest. Problem: The theoretical framework Motivation in Equity-Based Crowdfunding has been developed to understand what drives the investors. However, this framework has mainly been developed on crowdsourcing and general crowdfunding, which is significantly different from equity crowdfunding. Therefore, further research has been suggested by other authors on the topic, to specifically investigate investor motivation in equity crowdfunding. Furthermore, existing research has only studied investors as one group of people and not divided them into smaller segments. Purpose: The aim of this descriptive study is to understand what motivational factors drives investors to invest in equity-based crowdfunding, and how the motivations to invest is different between the demographic characteristics within age, gender, location, income and investor experience. Method: With a deductive research approach, four hypotheses were developed based on the literature review. Using the framework Motivation in Equity-Based Crowdfunding as a basis for the research, the investor motivation was studied on 142 equity crowdfunding investors using a quantitative online survey. The results were then analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-statistics and multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: Based on the findings, a revision of the framework Motivation in Equity-Based Crowdfunding have been suggested. Furthermore, it was found that investors were primarily driven by enjoyment, philanthropic and financial payoffs in their decision to invest. There were also significant differences found in investor motivation between the demographics age, gender and investor experience, whilst the location or income of the investor did not have any effect on investor motivation. Contribution: By understanding what investors are motivated by, the entrepreneurs can promote these factors in their crowdfunding campaign, which may increase their chances of getting successfully funded. Furthermore, if the entrepreneur wants to bring in a certain type of investor, they can adjust their promotion after the factors that motivates a certain demographic characteristic.

This thesis describes the applied research of motivating factors conducted among paramedical staff in the Hospital "Nemocnice Rudolfa a Stefanie Benešov" in 2010. The objective was to study several dimensions of work motivation, with special emphasis on motivational factors and motivational potential of work. Purpose of the project also represented a compilation of the consultancy recommendations arising from the results and their providing to the hospital staff. These recommendations should contribute to more effective application of targeted motivating of subordinates by managers of paramedical staff in this hospital. We found out that the strongest motivating factors for respondents include patient satisfaction, good interpersonal relationships at work, expressions of recognition and work achievement. It was also suggested that the caregivers see the highest motivation potential of work in the importance of the performed tasks; that is the possibility to participate actively in influencing people's health. Key words Work motivation, Motivational factors, Motivational potential of work

Konsumtion av sport är mer än bara laget/idrottaren i sig. Supporterengagemang är en del i sportkonsumtionen, bland annat genom människor som deltar i tävlingar och matcher för att stötta sitt lag/idrottare. Engagemanget kan vara gynnsamt för både sportorganisationen och den individuella supportern och kan bidra med både positiva och negativa effekter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka motivationsfaktorer hos supportrarna, för att se vad som ger upphovtill deras engagemang. Efter analys av tidigare studier inom området, skapade vi en egenmodell med ett antal utvalda motivationsfaktorer. För att mäta faktorerna användes en webbenkät som instrument. Enkätundersökningen skickades ut via ett snöbollsurval tillsupportrar för diverse sportorganisationer i Sverige. Resultatet blev en respons på 287enkätsvar, och för att analysera detta tillämpades en regressionsanalys. Resultatet visade att Självidentitet var den största motivationsfaktorn till att supportrar väljer att engagera sig i ett lag/idrottare. Även skillnader mellan fysiskt engagemang och engagemang på sociala medier mättes, där Social gemenskap var en större motivationsfaktor på sociala medier än för det fysiska engagemanget. Vidare mätte vi eventuella skillnader i engagemanget mellan kvinnor och män, då man i tidigare forskning sett brist på data inom området. Resultatet för studien visade att engagemanget inte skiljer sig något nämnvärt åt mellan kvinnor och män, och att samma motivationsfaktorer är underliggande för båda parters engagemang. Den enda möjliga slutsats för könsskillnader som kunde mätas, var att mängenerellt anser sig vara mer engagerade än vad kvinnor anser sig vara. / Sport consumption is more than just the team/athlete itself. Fan engagement is a part of the consumption, for example through people that are attending competitions and games to support their team/athlete. Fan engagement comes with both positive and negative effects, as well as bringing different kinds of profits to both the sport organisation and the individual fan. The aim of the study was to examine motivational factors for sport fans to see which factors contribute most to their engagement. After analysing previous studies on the subject, we created our own model using a few selected motivational factors. To measure the motivators, we created an online self-questionnaire survey. Through a snowballing sample we collected answers from fans of multiple sport organisations in Sweden. As a result we received 287responses that later was analysed through a regression analysis. The results showed that Self identity was the key motivator to why sport fans decides to engage with a team/athlete. The differences between physical engagement and social media engagement was measured as well. The results showed that Social community was proven to be a higher motivator on social media engagement rather than in physical engagement. Furthermore, the differences in engagement between men and women were measured, since studies on this subject was lacking in previous research. The results showed little difference between the two and that they are driven by the same motivators. The only possible conclusion regarding differences between the genders was that men, in general, consider themself more engaged in sports than women do.

Coopetition, the activity of competing firms cooperating, comes with both benefits and risks for the parties involved. The approach to studying coopetition differ among scholars, however the phenomenon continues to be relevant in the area of research with several articles published in recent years. While coopetition has gained momentum in research, what drives coopetition is still argued to be an area that needs further development. Research on coopetition in regulated environments, is especially called for. Therefore, this study has the purpose to explore what motivational factors and risks in coopetition may apply to a regulated market. A case study was conducted by looking into two ongoing coopetition relationships in the Swedish eHealth market. The findings show that there are previously identified motivational factors and risks that are relevant in the context of a technological and regulated market. The study contributes with two propositions that suggest that customer demand and occasional low competitiveness are motivational factors for coopetition in a regulated market. Additionally, the findings resulted in two propositions that enclose financial risks and cultural differences as risks.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal identificar la relación entre la motivación y la productividad en el área administrativa del sector de certificaciones de sistemas de gestión en el Perú en el primer semestre del año 2018. Tiene un enfoque de investigación cuantitativa de diseño no experimental y tipo descriptivo correlacional. Para la recolección de datos en la investigación cuantitativa se usaron dos cuestionarios en los colaboradores, una para medir los factores motivacionales y de higiene de Frederick Herzberg, y otro para medir la eficacia y eficiencia en dicha área, en ambos se tomó en cuenta la escala de Likert, donde se eligieron 5 niveles que iban desde Totalmente en desacuerdo hasta Totalmente de acuerdo. La muestra cuantitativa fue de 51 colaboradores, y para apoyar y validar la información obtenida se realizaron entrevistas a expertos de dicho sector, con la finalidad obtener información complementaria que nos pudiera corroborar los resultados. Luego de la realización del análisis de datos, los resultados revelaron que existen una correlación positiva muy alta entre la motivación y la productividad laboral, con un nivel de coeficiente de correlación de 0.909; por otro lado, el único factor de higiene que no tiene una correlación con la productividad es la relación con los superiores; y para finalizar, el factor de higiene “relaciones interpersonales” tiene una correlación negativa moderada de 0.473 con la productividad. Con ello se demuestra la gran implicancia que tiene la motivación sobre la productividad dentro de una organización. / The main objective of this thesis is to identify the relationship between motivation and productivity in the administrative area of the management system certifications sector in Peru in the first half of the 2018. It has a non-experimental design quantitative research approach and correlational descriptive type. For the collection of data in quantitative research two questionnaires were used in the collaborators, one to measure the motivational and hygiene factors of Frederick Herzberg, and another to measure the effectiveness and efficiency in that area, in both the scale was considered from Likert, where 5 levels were chosen ranging from Totally Disagree to Totally Agree. The quantitative sample consisted of 51 (Fifty-one) collaborators, and to support and validate the information obtained, interviews were conducted with experts in the sector, so that we could obtain information that corroborate the results. After revising the data analysis, the results revealed that employees have a very high positive correlation between motivation and work productivity, with a correlation coefficient level of 0.909; On the other hand, the only factor of hygiene that does not have a correlation with productivity is the relationship with superiors; and finally, the hygiene factor "interpersonal relationships" has a moderate negative correlation of 0.473 with productivity. With this in consideration it demonstrates the great implication that motivation has on productivity within an organization. / Tesis

The issue of unemployment among immigrants in Sweden started from 1980s when a large amount of immigrants had no access to the labour market (Sördersten, 2004). Many foreign born citizens who could not find any jobs have to live on social welfare. Some of them have found a way to solve their unemployment by becoming self-employed. In 2003, Swedish Integration Board reported that the proportion of self-employment in Sweden was 7.4 percent. This proportion was higher among foreign-born (8.8 percent) compared to native Swedes (7.3 percent). It is of great academic interest for our group to conduct research on immigrant’s business entry decisions. This thesis specifically focuses on identifying and understanding the factors that influence immigrants’ decision to start up their business. This research was conducted in Jönköping municipality by doing a case study on nine ethnic entrepreneurs who come from Non-EU countries, namely: China, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Uganda and Vietnam. Many studies have been carried out on the topic of ethnic entrepreneurship by researchers such as Waldinger et al. (1990), Basu (1998), Curran and Blackburn (1993), Najib (1999) and Ram (1994). Previous studies will be treated in this thesis as a source of evidence and theoretical framework. Qualitative method was used in this thesis. Case study is particularly chosen as the most appropriate tool in qualitative method to conduct this specific research. In order to obtain information for this case study, semi-structured interview with guideline questions was used. Nine cases including: five restaurants, one clothing store, one cosmetic shop, one assembling company and one carpet shop were selected in this study. The results of this study showed that, the factors that motivated ethnic entrepreneurs’ decision to start their own business were: selective immigration, entrepreneurial traits, blocked mobility, opportunity recognition, level of education, desire for independence and autonomy, financial betterment, business background and previous business experience, business culture values, interests and hobbies. However, opportunity recognition, level of education, desire for independence and autonomy and financial betterment were the factors that played a significant role in immigrant business decision making process. The result also shows that positive (pull) factors outweighed negative (push) factors in immigrants’ decision to enter self-employment. One alternative to unemployment is to become self-employed. It is highly possible that self-employment will lead to lower unemployment among immigrants (Hammarstedt, 2001). It should be in interest of the Swedish government to support self-employment since it will contribute to the growth of the Swedish economy. This thesis may be of interest to Jönköping municipality and other governmental organizations as well as policy makers. It might help them to improve the integration level of immigrants into Swedish society, unemployment level or encourage self-employment by understanding the factors affecting immigrants to start up their own businesses.

Background: To understand the consumers’ motivation to write online reviews is of importance, especially for companies since a large number of reviews have a positive influence on sales. Previous research has been done regarding what motivate consumers to provide user generated content, online word of mouth and also, to some extent, online reviews. However, these studies have primarily been adopted in a quantitative manner. To explore, from customers’ own perspective, the motivation to write online reviews is therefore valuable to add depth to the existing literature. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore customers’ motivation to write online reviews. Research question: What factors motivate customers to write online reviews? Methodology: The design of the research is a case study where the data collection method was conducted by semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that customers’ motivation to write online reviews is due to a variety of situations. The customers are motivated to write to enhance their selfimage, helping both customers and companies, and in some situations to even harm companies. Also, customers were motivated to write to obtain economical incentives. The features of the platform are important, where easiness and the opportunity to be anonymous were preferred.

A young adult is defined to be in the ages 16–25 and it is during these years that they step in to the job market. Many young adults feel pressured by society to have a job and to keep it. There are motivational factors such as money, activity level, variation, social contacts and personal development that drives the young adult to want a job. The purpose of the study was to examine which motivational factors are significant and the difference between the genders. The study was based on a questionnaire with 48 participants categorized in the ages between 16–20 and 21–25. The result of the study showed that money and social contacts are the most significant factors for young adults. There were no significant differences between genders when it comes to the factors money and social contacts. Further, the study showed that women are more affected by the unemployment than men, and that a new factor, fear, showed up in the questionnaires’ open answers.

Prior studies on museum visitors are extensively centred on national museums, the studies on regional museums are scarce. To fill in the academic gap, a research is proposed concerning the visitors of Dalarna Museum, a regional museum in Sweden. With an aim to profile visitors’ demographic characteristics and investigate the motivational factors that influence visitors’ frequency of visits, a face-to-face questionnaire survey was implemented at Dalarna Museum. To get visitors’ demographic characteristics, a few closed and open questions are devised to profile visitors’ gender, age, occupation, income, education, number of children and residence place. To investigate the motivational factors that influence visitors’ frequency of visits, a seven-point Likert questionnaire is employed with 17 motivational factors included. During a 12-day data collection, 372 visitors were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey, whereof 357 had filled in the questionnaire, generating a response rate that is as high as 96 percent. After data cleansing, there are 355 completed and valid responses in total. According to the results, some of visitors’ demographic characteristics are similar including gender, age, occupation, income, and number of children. However, the characteristics regarding visitors’ residence places and educational attainments are different comparing the frequent visitors to occasional visitors. Through running a multiple regression analysis, 13 out of the 17 motivational factors are detected having significant influences on visitors’ frequency of visits to Dalarna Museum, of which the most influential one is visitors’ day-outs with their friends and relatives.

Ideellt arbetande var en bidragande orsak till att Levene samhälle i Vara kommun kunde uppföra en evenemangshall. Denna studie syftar till att förklara varför invånarna i Levene ställde upp och arbetade med ett slitsamt bygge på sin fritid. Det görs genom att sätta fokus på vilka motivationsfaktorer som motiverade de ideella arbetskrafterna. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer samlades ett material in som sedan anlyserades. Det resultatet visar är att invånarna i Levene motiverades till att ställa upp var till en börja en starkt målbild och vision samt att många var med. Vidare under bygget var det först och främst den sociala samvaron samt möjligheten att pröva på något nytt som fick dem att fortsätta. De bakomliggande motivationsfaktorerna var hela tiden att göra något för en stark och levande bygd samt att göra något för barnen / Voluntary work was a contributing factor to how Levene society in Vara municipality could build a sport and event hall. This study aims to explain why residents of Levene lined up and spend a lot of their spare time with building the sport and event hall. This is done by focusing on the motivational factors that motivated the voluntary workers. By using qualitative interviews, a material was gathered, and then analyzed. The result shows that the residents of Levene was motivated by a strong vision and the fact that a lot of people where involved project from the start. Furthermore, during construction, it was first and foremost social interaction and the opportunity to try something new that motivated them to continue. The underlying motivational factors were the opportunity to do something for the children and to keep the community vibrant and attractive