The purpose of this qualitative research study was to investigate the motivational factors that lead to faculty giving to their employing institutions. Giving practices in relation to the life experiences and independent influences of faculty members who were employed at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were examined. In addition this study contributes to the limited amount of literature provided on HBCUs institutional advancement offices as well as the effectiveness of their solicitation efforts as perceived by faculty members employed at the colleges and universities. Three research questions were considered in this study. First, what life experiences contribute to the predisposition of faculty donors in giving to their institutions? Second, what intrinsic motivational elements influence faculty donors to give to their employing institutions? Third, how are the strategies used to solicit funding from faculty related to giving? Basic interpretive qualitative methodology was used to analyze the data gathered from the research participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven faculty members employed at HBCUs in the southern region of the United States. It was determined that faculty members attribute their giving practices to many of their life experiences. Religious involvement, childhood experiences, and family history, were all discussed by faculty members as being instrumental to their giving habits. Participants also discussed the sense of community that is established at HBCUs as being inspirational in determining whether or not they gave of their time, talent, or financial resources. Responses to open-ended questions about the effectiveness of institutional advancement offices provided additional qualitative data that could be used by HBCUs to increase the amount of annual giving to the university.

Titel: Jakten på framgång - Fastighetsmäklares definition av framgång i sitt yrke och vilka faktorer som motiverar dem att nå framgång. Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet fastighetsvetenskap Författare: William Dam, Varo Dalawy Handledare: Bengt Kjellgren Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kunna förklara definitionen av framgång inom fastighetsmäklarbranschen. Syftet ska uppnås genom att besvara följande två forskningsfrågor: Hur definierar fastighetsmäklare framgång i sitt yrke? Vilka faktorer motiverar fastighetsmäklare att nå framgång (eller att bli framgångsrika) i sitt yrke? Metod: Denna studie har applicerat en kvantitativ metod. Det empiriska materialet i denna studie har samlats in genom en enkätundersökning som slumpmässigt skickades ut till 161 slumpvalda registrerade fastighetsmäklare runt om i Sverige. Resultat & Analys: Resultatet visade på att definitionen av framgång främst handlar om en kombination mellan en bra lön och en balans i både arbetsliv och privatliv. Det som driver fastighetsmäklarna till sin definition av framgång grundar sig i individens ekonomiska situation. Dock är det nämnvärt att de olika respondenterna befinner sig i olika skeden i deras karriär. Därmed kan man se ett skifte i deras definition av framgång, på de fastighetsmäklare som har varit i branschen under en längre period. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie har bidragit till fastighetsmäklarbranschen genom ytterligare kunskap gällande fastighetsmäklares syn på framgång, men även hur den definieras. Detta arbete ger även ett bidrag gällande de motivationsfaktorer som grundar fastighetsmäklares definition av framgång. Förslag till vidare forskning: Det empiriska materialet i denna studie grundar sig på enkätundersökningar. Ett förslag till vidare forskningar är att tillämpa intervjuer. Detta möjliggör ett mer nyanserat svar med bredare och flera möjliga infallsvinklar på den aktuella fråga som ställs. Nyckelord: Fastighetsmäklare, framgång, motivationsfaktorer, definition / Titel: The pursuit of success - Realtors definition of success in their profession and the factors that motivate them to achieve success. Level : Final assignment for Bachelor Degrees within Real Estate Science Author: William Dam, Varo Dalawy Supervisor: Bengt Kjellgren Aim: The purpose of this study is to be able to explain the definition of success in the real estate industry. The purpose is to be achieved by answering the following two research questions: How do real estate agents define success in their profession? What factors motivate real estate agents to succeed (or become successful) in their profession? Method: This study has applied a quantitative method. The empirical material in this study has been collected through a survey that was randomly sent out to 161 randomly selected registered real estate agents all around Sweden. Result & Conclusion: The results showed that the definition of success is mainly about a combination of a good salary and a balance in both work and private life. What drives real estate agents to their definition of success is based on the individual's financial situation. However, it is worth noting that the different respondents are at different stages in their careers. Thus, one can see a shift in their definition of success, on the realtors who have been in the industry for a long period. Contribution of the thesis: This study has contributed to the real estate industry through additional knowledge regarding the real estate agent's view of success, and how it is defined. This work also provides a contribution regarding the motivational factors that base the real estate agent's definition of success. Suggestions for future research: The empirical material in this study is based on questionnaires. A proposal for further research is to apply for interviews. This enables a more nuanced answer with a broader and several possible angles of approach to the current question being asked. Keywords: Realtors, success, motivational factors, definition

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Medarbetare spelar en avgörande roll för verksamhetens framgång, enligt Hedegaard Hein (2012). Därför är det viktigt att hålla medarbetare ständigt motiverade i arbetet. Det är viktigt för arbetsgivare att ha kunskap om hur medarbetarna motiveras och vara medveten om att olika medarbetare kan motiveras på olika sätt. En faktor som kan avgöra hur en person motiveras är ålder (Hedegaard Hein, 2012). Warr (2001) lyfter kopplingen mellan ålder och motivation i sin studie och menar att motivationsfaktorerna kan förändras med åren, vilket är något som ledningen bör ha i åtanke. Syftet med denna studie undersöka och jämföra betydelsen av faktorer som påverkar arbetsmotivationen hos äldre och yngre medarbetare. Studien kommer att bidra med information som kan vara till hjälp för organisationer som har svårt att motivera sina äldre medarbetare. Dessutom syftar studien till att rapportera om hur motivationsfaktorer skiljer sig mellan äldre och yngre medarbetare. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ metod i form av en webbenkät, där det samlats in svar från cirka 80 medarbetare i en organisation, där cirka 60% tillhör kategorin äldre medarbetare (55+) och 40% yngre medarbetare (18–55 år). Enkäten består av 15 frågor som berör ämnet arbetsmotivation. Målet med enkäten är att ge information som kan analyseras för att identifiera eventuella mönster i hur arbetsmotivationen skiljer sig åt beroende på ålder samt vad dessa skillnader kan bero på. Det finns även kvalitativa inslag i arbetet och detta i form av ett samtal med en person i organisationen. Studiens resultat visade att betydelsen av Herzbergs hygienfaktorer minskar med ökad ålder och att betydelsen av Herzbergs motivationsfaktorer ökar med ökad ålder. Äldre medarbetare värdesätter samhörighet och sociala relationer högre än de yngre medarbetarna medan yngre medarbetare finner aspekter som lön mer motiverande. / Employees play a crucial role in the success of an organization, according to (Hedegaard Hein 2012). Therefore, it is important to keep employees constantly motivated in their work. It is essential for employers to have knowledge about how employees are motivated and be aware that different employees may be motivated in different ways. One factor that can determine how a person is motivated is age (Hedegaard Hein, 2012). Warr (2001) highlights the connection between age and motivation in his study and suggests that motivational factors can change over the years, which is something that management should take into consideration. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the importance of factors that influence the work motivation of older and younger employees. The study aims to provide information that can be helpful for organizations struggling to motivate their older employees. Additionally, the study aims to report on how motivational factors differ between older and younger employees. The study is based on a quantitative method in the form of a web survey, where responses were collected from approximately 80 employees in an organization, with approximately 60% categorized as older employees (55+) and 40% as younger employees (18-55 years). The survey consists of 15 questions related to the topic of work motivation. The goal of the survey is to provide information that can be analyzed to identify any patterns in how work motivation differs depending on age and the potential reasons behind these differences. There are also qualitative elements in the work and this in the form of a conversation with a person in the organization. The results of the study showed that the significance of Herzberg's hygiene factors decreases with increasing age, while the significance of Herzberg's motivational factors increases with age. Older employees value a sense of belonging and social relationships more than younger employees, whereas younger employees find aspects such as salary more motivating.

Background: The globalisation of the fashion industry has allowed competition to increase and speed up the production. This has influenced supply chains to give up on ethical factors in order to push sales of cheap, Fast Fashion. The concept of Slow Fashion developed to challenge the unsustainable business models of fast fashion, implementing conscious production. However, it is hard to compete with cheap price and rapid production and therefore the promotion plays a crucial role in the survival of Slow Fashion companies. Even though green marketing and demarketing have been investigated as promotional strategies, no research has been dedicated towards promotion strategies that benefit Slow Fashion business models through keeping the company values.   Purpose: This paper seeks to identify how it is possible to promote the Slow Fashion business model to motivate the customer to choose Slow Fashion.   Method: In order to fulfil the purpose and answer the research question, a qualitative study was implemented through semi-structured, in depth interviews of which the results were compared and analysed with existing research and theories. The interviewees were all selected from their expertise regarding the subject. Participating companies were selected through convenience sampling and the experts participating through snowball sampling   Conclusion: The results shows that providing the consumer with transparency, information and anti-consumption would be a successful way to promote Slow Fashion businesses in order to stay competitive. However, it is uncertain if using one of these strategies leads to a competitive advantage. One has to keep the same message through all elements of the promotion in order to stay true. The proposed promotion strategy ought to be involving the consumer through communities and repair shops and going together as a movement of the whole industry.

Abstract Title: What motivates Swedish Millennials’ choices when buying wine?  Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, final assignment.  Authors: Richard Tarschis and Dag Ehlin  Supervisor: Jonas Kågström  Date: 2018 – January  Aim: The purpose of this work is to analyze which driving forces affect the Swedish Millennials’ choices in the purchasing process of wine.  Method: We used a quantitative research method in the form of a web-based survey that was sent out via Facebook and email with a total of 254 respondents. These data were then analyzed in the SPSS statistical software through cluster analysis, factor analysis and correlation analysis. The selection was aimed at Swedish men and women from Generation Y.  Results & Conclusion: The results showed that the two most important driving forces were the emotional aspect as well as Word of Mouth. We also found that hedonism is a driving force for buying wine in general rather than for buying a specific wine.  Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to an understanding of what driving forces are the basis for purchasing decisions of a particular wine for the younger part of Swedish Generation Y. For marketers, this means knowledge about which marketing strategies they should use to reach the target group in question.  Suggestions for future research: Future research should focus on replicating the study with a representative sample, a selection that is evenly distributed between all ages of the generation. It would also be interesting to replicate the study in neighboring countries such as Norway and Finland.  Key Words: Consumer behavior, motivational factors, purchasing process, wine consumption, Millennials, Sweden.

Syftet med studien är att erhålla ökad förståelse för hur medarbetare upplever att arbetsmotivation kan främjas och ledarens påverkan på främjandet av arbetsmotivationen. Vidare undersöks vilka faktorer som verkar  motivationsfrämjande för medarbetarna i den organisation där studien utförts samt hur väl deras arbetsmotivation främjas. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod och det empiriska materialet har insamlats genom åtta intervjuer på medarbetarnivå. Studiens resultat visar att medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation främjas genom flera faktorer, bland annat sociala faktorer och lönen betonas. Medarbetarnas motivation främjas men skulle kunna främjas mer än vad den gör idag genom ett antal motivationsfrämjande faktorer som diskuteras. Ledaren har påverkansmöjligheter över flertalet av de faktorer som skulle kunna höja medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation. Fokus bör därför riktas mot dessa motivationsfrämjande faktorer. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to increased knowledge about how employees´ perceive that work motivation can be enhanced and the leaders’ impact on it. Furthermore the authors wish to examine which motivational factors that contribute to employees’ work motivation in the organization where the study was conducted and how well their work motivation is promoted. A qualitative method has been used to conduct this study and its material has been gathered from eight qualitative interviews with employees in the organization. The result shows that several factors contribute to the work motivation, for example the influence of social factors and the salary is stressed. The work motivation could, through a series of motivational factors, be more promoted. The manager plays an important role and can influence most of the motivational factors that are needed for enhancing the employees’ work motivation. Focus should therefore be directed towards these motivational factors.

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Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om vilka motivationsfaktorer, inre och yttre, som är viktiga hos personal inom serviceyrken. Vidare studerades den uppfattade sammanhållningen inom målgruppen. Av speciellt intresse var att studera korrelationer mellan sammanhållning och inre/yttre motivationsfaktorer samt om kontroll i arbetet och socialt stöd inverkar på dessa faktorer. I undersökningen deltog 88 individer, 38 män och 50 kvinnor, i åldrarna 18-65 (M=34,63 Sd=12,40). Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av ett frågeformulär baserat på QPS Nordic och Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Data analyserades i PASW. Resultaten visade att undersökningsdeltagarna ansåg inre motivationsfaktorer lika viktiga som de yttre. Vidare visade resultatet att serviceinriktad personal har en högre uppgiftssammanhållning än social sammanhållning. Resultatet visade korrelation mellan motivationsfaktorer och sammanhållning. Avslutningsvis uppvisades signifikant samband mellan inre motivationsfaktorer och kontroll samt ett flertal positiva korrelationer mellan sammanhållning och kontroll i arbetet samt socialt stöd. / The purpose of this study was to examine which motivational factors, intrinsic/extrinsic, that’s important for personnel working in the service sector. The participants perception of their group cohesion was examined. One specific interest was to examine correlations between cohesion and intrinsic/extrinsic motivational factors, further if control and social support correlated with those factors. The participants were 88 individuals, 38 men and 50 women in the ages 18-65 (M=34,63 Sd=12,40). A questionnaire based on QPS Nordic and Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) was used. The result showed that the participants perceived both intrinsic and extrinsic as important motivational factors. Further the results showed that the participants experienced higher task cohesion than social cohesion in their work groups. The result showed correlation between motivational factors and cohesion. Moreover, the result showed significant correlation between intrinsic motivational factors and control. Finally, many correlations between cohesion and control in work and social support were found.

In knowledge economy, organizational knowledge is considered to be a critical strategic resource which may help the organization to achieve competitive advantage; therefore, knowledge sharing, as one of the knowledge management processes, attracts the attention of both researchers and practitioners. Knowledge sharing may bring many benefits such as personal development for the employees and knowledge accumulation for the organization. However, at the same time it is very challenging because employees may be very mobile, too occupied to engage in knowledge sharing, or just unwilling to share their valuable knowledge. Nevertheless, although many organizations have started to invest heavily in various knowledge sharing mechanisms, quite often these processes are not effective because various organizational and individual factors impede the usage of those mechanisms. This study seeks to increase the understanding of how and which of such factors affect knowledge sharing in voluntary project-based organizations. Ten in-depth interviews have been conducted with the project managers in AIESEC, the largest international student organization, in order to find out what KS mechanisms they use, and what enables or hinders KS in this organization. It was found that in this organization KS takes place at all organizational levels, and the most popular KS mechanisms are documents and social interaction. Various documents include planning and tracking tools, proposals for sponsors, budget spread-sheets, feedback forms from participants and companies, and reports about functional areas. Social interaction comprises individual and group meetings, including trainings, coaching or mentoring, conversations over the phone and software Skype, discussions in conferences and communication in social groups online. So there is a balance between the KS mechanisms used to personalize and codify knowledge. However, the individualized KS mechanisms dominate on the individualization- institutionalization dimension. Also AIESEC members share all types of knowledge: tacit and explicit, individual and collective. Factors affecting KS can be categorized in 5 groups: Organizational context, Interpersonal and Team characteristics, Cultural characteristics, Individual characteristics, and Motivational factors. As KS in AIESEC takes place quite intensively, not surprisingly more KS facilitators were identified. The most significant ones in each group are as follows: the organizational culture and structure; diversity and strong social ties; willingness to help, and structure and exactness; self-efficiency and personal characteristics such as talkativeness, open-mindedness, empathy, motivation, responsibility and ambitiousness; perceived personal benefits, interpersonal trust, and organizational commitment. The few factors identified that might impede KS in AIESEC are the lack of time, lack of KS regulation and some negative cultural attitudes.