No description available.

The Jamaican hurricane history goes back a long time. The country has an average ratio of getting hit or brushed every 3.84 years and it is estimated to be hit directly every 9.47 years. This underscores the relevance of this paper since it seeks to investigate the construction, social structure and policy response of Jamaica. The impressions of the author combined with the interviews and literature study resulted in the conclusion of the constructions and social structure not being the main issue, but the policy response.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between positive psychological capacities (state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy) and burnout levels of employees (N = 164) in a chemical organisation and to determine whether state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy can be used to predict burnout levels of employees in a chemical organisation. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89), the State Self Efficacy Scale (SSES) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) were administered to measure the constructs. The research method for this article consists of a brief literature review and an empirical study. Confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the inter-item correlation coefficients were used to assess the reliability and validity of the measuring instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the constructs employed in this research. Results obtained confirmed the internal consistency and one-dimensional factor structures of the state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy measuring instruments. Although the two - dimensional factor structure of the OLBI was confirmed, the two subscales were not consistent with the expected factor structure. Consequently, only the total burnout scale (which presented with adequate internal consistency) was used. A significant statistical and practical correlation was found between state ego-resilience and burnout. State self-efficacy and burnout demonstrated a significant statistical and practical correlation. Regression analyses indicated that both state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy hold predictive value with regard to burnout. Conclusions were made, limitations of the current research were discussed and recommendations for future research were put forward. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

Bakgrund: Vårdskador drabbar närmare 10 procent av alla patienter. I samband med ett traumaomhändertagande kommer anestesisjuksköterskan att arbeta i en miljö som inte är dennes dagliga arbetsplats. Detta ställer höga krav på kompetens, följsamhet till riktlinjer och inövade rutiner för att kunna bibehålla ett patientsäkert och effektiv traumaomhändertagande.   Syfte: Att identifiera faktorer som kan inverka på patientsäkerheten i samband med att anestesisjuksköterskan larmas till akutrummet.   Metod: Med resilience engineering som utgångspunkt gjordes en flerfallsstudie med holistisk design. Varje fall (n=8) analyserades separat för att sammanställas med en induktiv ansats genom instrumentet Functional Resonance Analysis Method. Följsamheten mot lokala riktlinjerna kontrollerades med en deduktiv ansats.   Resultat: Anestesisjuksköterskan har till hälften av fallen den lokalkännedom som krävdes enligt gällande riktlinjer, anestesisjuksköterskan förefaller i flera fall sakna kunskap om den tekniska apparaturen som används. Detta resulterar i att anestesisjuksköterskan inte arbetade självständig utan blev beroende av traumateamet för att slutföra sina uppgifter. Förberedelserna varierade stort, i majoriteten av fallen fanns ingen större följsamhet till de riktlinjer som styrde anestesisjuksköterskans arbete i ett traumaomhändertagande. En hög patientsäkerhet bibehölls genom att arbetsfördelningen och förberedelserna delades på, ofta outtalat inom traumateamets medlemmar. Tack vare stor personalgrupp och hög kompetens inom traumateamet kunde teamets medlemmar komplettera varandra.   Slutsats: Flera aspekter som kan påverka patientsäkerhet negativt identifierades. Flertalet av dessa bl.a. lokal- och utrustningskännedom för anestesisjuksköterskor bedömdes kunna minskas eller elimineras om följsamheten till riktlinjerna skärps. I alla analyserade fall bibehålls god patientsäkerhet tack vare traumateamets höga resilience. / Background: Injuries in care occurs in approximately 10 percent of all patients. In a critical trauma care the anaesthetic nurse works in an unfamiliar workplace. This requires high competence and directive guidelines to maintain a high patient safety and effective trauma care.   Objectives: To identify factors that can have impact on the patient safety when the anaesthetic nurse is called to the ER.   Methods: Through resilience engineering, a multi-case study with a holistic design was conducted. Each case (n=8) analysed separately with an inductive approach with the instrument Functional Resonance Analysis Method. Thereafter, the compliance with guidelines was studied with a deductive approach.   Results: The anaesthetic nurse lacked the required knowledge of the ER that is required by the guidelines in half of the cases. The anaesthetic nurse also appeared to lack knowledge of technical equipment. This caused dependency in the anaesthetic nurse to fulfil its duties. Preparations varied greatly, in most of cases there was no major compliance with the guidelines for the anaesthetic nurse. High patient safety was maintained by dividing the labour within the team’s members. Thanks to large staff and level of competence within the team, the members could complement each other.   Conclusions: Several aspects that could affect patient safety negatively were identified. Most of these negative aspects could be reduced if compliance with guidelines were tightened. Throughout all cases, good patient safety is maintained thanks to the team's high resilience.

How do organizations rapidly assess command-level effects of cyber attacks? Leaders need a way of assuring themselves that their organization, people, and information technology can continue their missions in a contested cyber environment. To do this, leaders should: 1) require assessments be more than analogical, anecdotal or simplistic snapshots in time; 2) demand the ability to rapidly model their organizations; 3) identify their organization’s structural vulnerabilities; and 4) have the ability to forecast mission assurance scenarios. Using text mining to build agent based dynamic network models of information processing organizations, I examine impacts of contested cyber environments on three common focus areas of information assurance—confidentiality, integrity, and availability. I find that assessing impacts of cyber attacks is a nuanced affair dependent on the nature of the attack, the nature of the organization and its missions, and the nature of the measurements. For well-manned information processing organizations, many attacks are in the nuisance range and that only multipronged or severe attacks cause meaningful failure. I also find that such organizations can design for resiliency and provide guidelines in how to do so.

Esta tese tem como objetivo geral identificar as atividades de comércio e serviços varejistas, que após sofrerem ações de diversas naturezas se mantêm em funcionamento transformando-se ou resistindo. Neste sentido, identificar a existência destas atividades, ou grupo de atividades responsáveis por iniciar, manter, dinamizar áreas urbanas, predominantemente terciárias (comércio e serviços) faz parte do objeto principal desta tese. O conceito de resiliência foi primeiro utilizado pela física e as ciências sociais tomaram este conceito emprestado definindo a resiliência como a capacidade, de um indivíduo ou de uma organização lidar com problemas, superar obstáculos ou resistir à pressão de situações adversas e ultrapassá-las. Nesta direção iniciou-se um percurso por meio das várias definições de resiliência transpondo-as para os espaços da cidade. Para tanto as frentes de investigação, nesta tese, buscaram entender, a partir da história do desenvolvimento da cidade, a dinâmica do setor de comércio e serviços e a existência de elementos catalizadores dessas mudanças observadas nos processos urbanos iniciais e, em transformação. A verificação empírica seja na formação e manutenção de áreas terciárias diversificadas, ou especializadas tiveram como principal estudo de caso a rua Treze de Maio, na cidade de São Paulo. A identificação destas atividades e seus encadeamentos responsáveis pelos processos de resiliência urbana comercial podem contribuir, sim, na elaboração de políticas públicas para a recuperação de áreas deterioradas. Ao final desta tese foi possível construir um conceito sobre a resiliência urbana comercial, qual seja, \"a capacidade que os sistemas de varejo dispõem na direção de interpretar e evoluir/reagir aos diversos acontecimentos da cidade contemporânea, transformando-se e adquirindo subsídios equilibrados para o desenvolvimento urbano regional\". / This thesis aims to identify the General activities of trade and services retailers, after suffering several actions still remain in operation becoming or resisting. In this sense, identify the existence of these activities, or group of activities responsible for initiating, maintaining, advancing, predominantly tertiary urban areas (trade and services) is part of the main object of this thesis. The concept of resilience was first used by physics and the social sciences have taken this concept borrowed by setting the resilience as the ability of an individual or an organization to deal with problems, overcome obstacles or withstand the pressure of adverse situations and overcome them. This way began a journey through the various settings of resilience across them for the spaces of the city. For both the research fronts, this thesis, sought to understand, from the history of the development of the city, the dynamics of the trade and services sector and the existence of elements catalysts of these observed changes in procedures and in urban transformation. The empirical verification is in the formation and maintenance of diversified or specialized tertiary areas had as main case study 13 may Street, in the city of São Paulo. The identification of these activities and their threads responsible for urban commercial resilience processes can contribute, Yes, in public policy development for the recovery of damaged areas. At the end of this thesis it was possible to construct a concept on urban resiliency, which is commercial, \"the ability of retail systems have to interpret and react to various events/evolve from the contemporary city, transforming and acquiring balanced subsidies for regional urban development\".

Esta tese tem como objetivo geral identificar as atividades de comércio e serviços varejistas, que após sofrerem ações de diversas naturezas se mantêm em funcionamento transformando-se ou resistindo. Neste sentido, identificar a existência destas atividades, ou grupo de atividades responsáveis por iniciar, manter, dinamizar áreas urbanas, predominantemente terciárias (comércio e serviços) faz parte do objeto principal desta tese. O conceito de resiliência foi primeiro utilizado pela física e as ciências sociais tomaram este conceito emprestado definindo a resiliência como a capacidade, de um indivíduo ou de uma organização lidar com problemas, superar obstáculos ou resistir à pressão de situações adversas e ultrapassá-las. Nesta direção iniciou-se um percurso por meio das várias definições de resiliência transpondo-as para os espaços da cidade. Para tanto as frentes de investigação, nesta tese, buscaram entender, a partir da história do desenvolvimento da cidade, a dinâmica do setor de comércio e serviços e a existência de elementos catalizadores dessas mudanças observadas nos processos urbanos iniciais e, em transformação. A verificação empírica seja na formação e manutenção de áreas terciárias diversificadas, ou especializadas tiveram como principal estudo de caso a rua Treze de Maio, na cidade de São Paulo. A identificação destas atividades e seus encadeamentos responsáveis pelos processos de resiliência urbana comercial podem contribuir, sim, na elaboração de políticas públicas para a recuperação de áreas deterioradas. Ao final desta tese foi possível construir um conceito sobre a resiliência urbana comercial, qual seja, \"a capacidade que os sistemas de varejo dispõem na direção de interpretar e evoluir/reagir aos diversos acontecimentos da cidade contemporânea, transformando-se e adquirindo subsídios equilibrados para o desenvolvimento urbano regional\". / This thesis aims to identify the General activities of trade and services retailers, after suffering several actions still remain in operation becoming or resisting. In this sense, identify the existence of these activities, or group of activities responsible for initiating, maintaining, advancing, predominantly tertiary urban areas (trade and services) is part of the main object of this thesis. The concept of resilience was first used by physics and the social sciences have taken this concept borrowed by setting the resilience as the ability of an individual or an organization to deal with problems, overcome obstacles or withstand the pressure of adverse situations and overcome them. This way began a journey through the various settings of resilience across them for the spaces of the city. For both the research fronts, this thesis, sought to understand, from the history of the development of the city, the dynamics of the trade and services sector and the existence of elements catalysts of these observed changes in procedures and in urban transformation. The empirical verification is in the formation and maintenance of diversified or specialized tertiary areas had as main case study 13 may Street, in the city of São Paulo. The identification of these activities and their threads responsible for urban commercial resilience processes can contribute, Yes, in public policy development for the recovery of damaged areas. At the end of this thesis it was possible to construct a concept on urban resiliency, which is commercial, \"the ability of retail systems have to interpret and react to various events/evolve from the contemporary city, transforming and acquiring balanced subsidies for regional urban development\".

In this study, I investigated the precursors and the outcomes of team resilience. In contrast to many resilience studies, which focus on low-probability, high-impact challenges, I investigated resilience in the face of high-frequency, low-impact challenges that teams can face in their operational environments. I conducted an extensive literature analysis of the field of resilience and on the basis of this constructed a model of team resilience by integrating insights from high reliability organizing, positive organizational scholarship, sensemaking and disaster resilience studies. I then tested and improved this model through an exploratory study of team behaviour in two 'Escape Game' settings in which teams of 5 people worked through a series of puzzles under time-constrained and somewhat stressful conditions. Following the exploratory study, I developed the resilience model into an operationalizable format and tested it using seven runs of a simulation study involving 547 individuals in 68 teams. In the simulation, teams had to work both quickly and accurately whilst adapting to the changing conditions of a turbulent, competitive environment. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected on various team attributes, team resilience and team performance. I have used quantitative data as the main source of analysis and qualitative data as a supporting tool. Self-completion questionnaires, objective performance indicators, direct observation and post-simulation team and individual reflections were among the data collection tools that were used to obtain data. Team resilience shows highly significant associations with a range of objective measures of team performance. In turn, resilience is supported by several team attributes, including collective mental models, effective channels of communication and systems of information gathering and team cohesion. When teams faced challenges outside of their existing action repertoires their ability to improvise also contributed to resilience. Finally, when teams overcame (novel) challenges, this fed back into their accumulated knowledge through collective learning, enriching action repertoires. Together, these features bestow teams with resilience, which, in turn, enables them to overcome disturbances that might otherwise impede operational performance. In its final form, my resilience model serves as an explanation of the mechanisms of resilience and identifies its antecedents and outcomes. It can inform teams operating in uncertain, ambiguous and volatile work conditions about the capacities and capabilities they need in order to create and sustain resilience in daily operations.

Traditionally, cryptographic algorithms are designed under the so-called black-box model, which considers adversaries that receive black-box access to the hardware implementation. Although a "black-box" treatment covers a wide range of attacks, it fails to capture reality adequately, as real-world adversaries can exploit physical properties of the implementation, mounting attacks that enable unexpected, non-black-box access, to the components of the cryptographic system. This type of attacks is widely known as physical attacks, and has proven to be a significant threat to the real-world security of cryptographic systems. The present dissertation is (partially) dealing with the problem of protecting cryptographic memory against physical attacks, via the use of non-malleable codes, which is a notion introduced in a preceding work, aiming to provide privacy of the encoded data, in the presence of adversarial faults. In the present thesis we improve the current state-of-the-art on non-malleable codes and we provide practical solutions for protecting real-world cryptographic implementations against physical attacks. Our study is primarily focusing on the following adversarial models: (i) the extensively studied split-state model, which assumes that private memory splits into two parts, and the adversary tampers with each part, independently, and (ii) the model of partial functions, which is introduced by the current thesis, and models adversaries that access arbitrary subsets of codeword locations, with bounded cardinality. Our study is comprehensive, covering one-time and continuous, attacks, while for the case of partial functions, we manage to achieve a stronger notion of security, that we call non-malleability with manipulation detection, that in addition to privacy, it also guarantees integrity of the private data. It should be noted that, our techniques are also useful for the problem of establishing, private, keyless communication, over adversarial communication channels. Besides physical attacks, another important concern related to cryptographic hardware security, is that the hardware fabrication process is assumed to be trusted. In reality though, when aiming to minimize the production costs, or whenever access to leading-edge manufacturing facilities is required, the fabrication process requires the involvement of several, potentially malicious, facilities. Consequently, cryptographic hardware is susceptible to the so-called hardware Trojans, which are hardware components that are maliciously implanted to the original circuitry, having as a purpose to alter the device's functionality, while remaining undetected. Part of the present dissertation, deals with the problem of protecting cryptographic hardware against Trojan injection attacks, by (i) proposing a formal model for assessing the security of cryptographic hardware, whose production has been partially outsourced to a set of untrusted, and possibly malicious, manufacturers, and (ii) by proposing a compiler that transforms any cryptographic circuit, into another, that can be securely outsourced.

Research intentionally addressing how leadership attributes and behaviors collectively contributed to the socioecological perspective of organizational resilience were not found. This is a problem for organizations who must hire without benefit of how a collective leadership effect might influence their psychological capital. The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not self-efficacy, psychological empowerment, personal resilience, and leadership style were associated with or predicted organizational resilience among clinical managers in an academic medical center setting. Metatheory of resilience and resiliency was used to frame the study. A quantitative correlational design was used. Self-reported data was collected via the Leader Efficacy Questionnaire, Psychological Empowerment Instrument, Connor and Davidson's Resilience Scale, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, and Workplace Resilience Instrument. Intellectual stimulation (rs .480, Ï? .432, p = .00), personal resilience (rs .483, Ï? .465, p = .00), and self-efficacy (rs .522, Ï? .462, p = .00) had the highest statistical correlations to organizational resilience. Negative predictor effects were found for personal resilience and idealized attributes ascribed to self-oriented versus other-oriented resilience qualities, x2(2) = 50.70, p < .01, and p < .05 respectively. Resilience is important for organizational survival and adaptation to the external and internal forces of change. Resilient organizations with available reserves can collaborate with community leaders to optimize the social, environmental, and economic determinants of health foundational for community resilience and positive social change.