Η χορήγηση φαρμάκων μέσω της αναπνευστικής οδού αποτελεί τον πιο αποτελεσματικό τρόπο αντιμετώπισης νόσων του αναπνευστικού συστήματος όπως το άσθμα. Τα τελευταία χρόνια, η αύξηση στη συχνότητα εμφάνισης του άσθματος δημιούργησε την ανάγκη βελτίωσης της θεραπείας με το σχεδιασμό νέων συσκευών εισπνοής και την ανάπτυξη καλύτερης μορφοποίησης των φαρμάκων ώστε να εξασφαλίζεται ικανοποιητική κατανομή τους στο αναπνευστικό δένδρο. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις δυσκολίες ανάπτυξης ενός φαρμάκου για εισπνεόμενη χορήγηση, αποφασίσαμε να ασχοληθούμε με τη μορφοποίηση της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης, ενός ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενου βρογχοδιασταλτικού φαρμάκου στη θεραπεία του βρογχικού άσθματος. Στόχος είναι η ανάπτυξη της βέλτιστης μορφοποίησης με την οποία θα επιτυγχάνεται το μέγιστο θεραπευτικό κλάσμα FPD. Διερευνήθηκε η επίδραση διαφόρων παραγόντων στη μεταφορά και εναπόθεση των λεπτόκοκκων σωματιδίων της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης στο αναπνευστικό δένδρο. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της κατανομής μεγέθους των σωματιδίων της λακτόζης στη μορφοποίηση και προσδιορίστηκε η κατανομή που επιτρέπει ικανοποιητική προσκόλληση της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης στη λακτόζη αλλά και εύκολο διαχωρισμό της απ’ αυτήν κατά την εισπνοή. Στη συνέχεια, διεξήχθησαν πειράματα προσδιορισμού του ιδανικού χρόνου ανάμιξης και των συνθηκών παραγωγής που εξασφαλίζουν ικανοποιητική ροή των κόνεων και πλήρωση των κυαθίων και δεν επηρεάζουν τη χημική σταθερότητα του φαρμάκου. Ακολούθησαν πειράματα για την αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης της μεταβολής στο βάρος πλήρωσης του κυαθίου στη μορφοποίηση και κατ’ επέκταση στο θεραπευτικό κλάσμα FPD. Τέλος, η μελέτη ολοκληρώθηκε μ’ ένα πείραμα ελέγχου της επίδρασης των εργαστηριακών συνθηκών στο Andersen Cascade Impactor και συνεπώς στη σταθερότητα του προϊόντος αλλά και την ικανότητα διασποράς του. / Drug delivery through the respiratory tract constitutes the most effective way of treating respiratory diseases such as asthma. Over the last years, the increased frequency of asthma occurrence challenged the improvement of therapy with the design of new inhalers and a better formulation development of drugs so as to achieve effective drug distribution to the respiratory tree. In the current study, having taken into consideration the difficulties of drug development for inhalation delivery, we have decided to work on the formulation of formoterol fumarate, a bronchodilator broadly used to the treatment of bronchial asthma. The aim is the optimization of formulation development so as to achieve the optimum therapeutic fraction FPD. The main idea was the examination of the effect of certain parameters on the delivery and deposition of formoterol fumarate fine particles to the respiratory tree. Specifically, the effect of lactose size distribution on the formulation was studied and the size distribution that allows not only effective adherence of formoterol fumarate to lactose but also efficient release during inhalation was determined. As a next step, experiments were carried out for the determination of the ideal mixing time and manufacturing conditions for satisfactory powder flowability, blister filling and chemical stability of drug. Experiments for the evaluation of the effect of blister filling variation on the formulation and consequently on the therapeutic fraction FPD followed. Finally, this study was completed by controlling the effect of laboratory conditions on the Andersen Cascade Impactor and consequently on the product stability and its dispersion ability.

In this thesis, we consider a generalization of the classical Gerber-Shiu function in various risk models. The generalization involves introduction of two new variables in the original penalty function including the surplus prior to ruin and the deficit at ruin. These new variables are the minimum surplus level before ruin occurs and the surplus immediately after the second last claim before ruin occurs. Although these quantities can not be observed until ruin occurs, we can still identify their distributions in advance because they do not functionally depend on the time of ruin, but only depend on known quantities including the initial surplus allocated to the business. Therefore, some ruin related quantities obtained by incorporating four variables in the generalized Gerber-Shiu function can help our understanding of the analysis of the random walk and the resultant risk management. In Chapter 2, we demonstrate the generalized Gerber-Shiu functions satisfy the defective renewal equation in terms of the compound geometric distribution in the ordinary Sparre Andersen renewal risk models (continuous time). As a result, forms of joint and marginal distributions associated with the variables in the generalized penalty function are derived for an arbitrary distribution of interclaim/interarrival times. Because the identification of the compound geometric components is difficult without any specific conditions on the interclaim times, in Chapter 3 we consider the special case when the interclaim time distribution is from the Coxian class of distribution, as well as the classical compound Poisson models. Note that the analysis of the generalized Gerber-Shiu function involving three (the classical two variables and the surplus after the second last claim) is sufficient to study of four variable. It is shown to be true even in the cases where the interclaim of the first event is assumed to be different from the subsequent interclaims (i.e. delayed renewal risk models) in Chapter 4 or the counting (the number of claims) process is defined in the discrete time (i.e. discrete renewal risk models) in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 the two-sided bounds for a renewal equation are studied. These results may be used in many cases related to the various ruin quantities from the generalized Gerber-Shiu function analyzed in previous chapters. Note that the larger number of iterations of computing the bound produces the closer result to the exact value. However, for the nonexponential bound the form of bound contains the convolution involving usually heavy-tailed distribution (e.g. heavy-tailed claims, extreme events), we need to find the alternative method to reinforce the convolution computation in this case.

La thèse porte sur le système tripartite de relations professionnelles du Grand Duché de Luxembourg, regroupant les autorités publiques ainsi que les organisations syndicales et patronales. Elle se pose deux questions. Dans quelle mesure on peut parler d'un modèle de relations professionnelles propre au Luxembourg ? Ce modèle relève-t-il ou non du type consociatif tel que théorisé par Arendt LIJPHART ? Il s'agit d'une étude de cas portant sur un seul pays.La thèse est divisée en six chapitres. Le premier présente le Luxembourg et ses relations professionnelles. Le second porte sur l'évolution de deux institutions importantes des relations professionnelles. Le troisième présente les théories mobilisées dans le cadre de la thèse. Les chapitres 4, 5 et 6 consistent en une analyse des principaux éléments de la théorie de LIJPHART appliquée aux relations professionnelles tripartites luxembourgeoises. Les conclusions répondent aux questions posées ci-dessus.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (January 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50)

Uppsatsen analyserar de adaptioner och/eller de transformationer som skett mellan H.C. Andersens saga Den lilla sjöjungfrun till Walt Disneys filmatisering av Andersens saga, med fokus på intrigerna och karaktärerna. Syftet med denna uppsats är att, genom en komparativ analys, få syn på hur intrigerna och karaktärerna framställs i de båda versionerna. Bland annat användes Claes-Göran Holmberg och Anders Ohlssons (1999) och Maria Nikolajevas (2004) för att får större förståelse till karaktärsanalyserna. Analysen visar att stora adaptioner och en del transformationer främst Disneys egen form av transformation, Disneyfication, har skett från sagan till filmen, både när det kommer till intrigen och karaktärerna.

This thesis Correspondence between word and image in Children's literature is focused on the analysis of selected titles in terms of literary and illustrative. The analysis should determine the methodological criteria in terms of aesthetic, factual and ethical contribution of the book as a whole for the pupil of the fifth and the sixth grade of primary school. The analyses are conducted in terms of literary and illustrative titles on The fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen, Lottie and Lisa by Erich Kästner and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. The conclusion of the work provides educational options to work with these titles in lessons of Czech language and literature and Art.

The essay is devoted to study of the Hans Christian Andersen?s fairy tales that were dramatized for presentation by Czech children theatre groups. It`s first part deals with the analysis of Andersen's fairy tale literary output, with regard to his narrative style and his contribution to the genre of fairy tale. Second part of the work analyzes the Swineherd story in terms of qualities, which it offers to children?s theater, and compares it with other stories dramatized for the same purpose. The final part discusses six dramatizations of Swineherd, which were staged with children groups, especially in terms of how to convert a literary narrator in theatrical form, and the influence of the nature of such conversion on the structure of the production and its characters. In respect to each of the scripts, the essay studies the extent to which their authors managed to preserve the genre and style of the original and what influence any shifts had on the transmission of the Swineherd `s message.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_fcr_me_prud.pdf: 1571986 bytes, checksum: 215214993171199c0aa6e0b694f46658 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa está vinculada ao programa de Pós-Graduação da Unesp de Presidente Prudente S/P e à linha de pesquisa Infância e Educação e gestada em um projeto maior denominado Literatura na escola: espaços e contextos. A realidade brasileira e portuguesa, coordenado pela professora Dra Renata Junqueira de Souza e realizado pelo Centro de Estudos em Leitura e Literatura Infantil e Juvenil – CELLIJ. O estudo partiu dos resultados calamitosos do Brasil em provas (Saresp, SAEB, PISA) que avaliam a competência leitora dos alunos comprovando o fato de as escolas não cumprirem com sua função primeira: ensinar a ler e escrever. Estudos têm mostrado que o hábito de leitura dos estudantes tem se tornado precário e insuficiente fato que, somado ao despreparo teórico e pedagógico dos professores relativamente ao ensino da literatura e à utilização do material literário, tem dificultado o trabalho com o livro literário no âmbito escolar, razão pela qual justifica-se esta investigação. A pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar as contribuições da Estética da Recepção para o ensino de literatura e para a formação do leitor, além de investigar a compreensão dos principais aspectos que levavam à aceitação, ou não, da obra e como ocorre a recepção literária. Para tanto, optou-se por um aporte teórico afinado com a teoria recepcional de Hans Robert Jauss, bem como a Metodologia Recepcional criada por Bordini e Aguiar e os Níveis de recepção literária de Hans Kügler. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola municipal de Presidente Prudente e teve como público alvo alunos do 5º ano com os quais foi vivenciada uma prática pedagógica fundamentada na Estética... / This research is part of the graduate program at Department of Education in Unesp Presidente Prudente and related to the research topic concerning childhood and education, included in the Literature in the school: spaces and contexts, project intended to study the Brazilian and Portuguese realities. The project is coordinated by Professor Dr. Renata Junqueira de Souza and conducted by the Centre for studies in Reading and Literature for children and teens - CELLIJ. The study presented here was first motivated by unfortunate Brazilians’ educational institutions results in regional, national and international tests (Saresp, SAEB, PISA) designed in order to evaluate the students' reading skills. Such results have been shown that the Brazilian schools teaching techniques do not meet to their primary function: teach students to write and read properly. There are some studies that have shown a lack between the students’ reading habits and the required behaviour to meet a reading proficiency level. Moreover the theoretical and pedagogical teachers’ background, generally, is not enough to suitably use the literary stuff with their students. Has a result, the literature learning process has been faced difficulties and the improvement need in this educational context comes out the importance of the research presented here. This research is purposed to study the Reception’s Aesthetics contributions to the literature teaching goal and develop the students’ comprehensive reading skills. In addition to that, it investigates the major issues related to acceptance of the literature. In order to reach these goals, our study draws on the receptional theory from Hans Robert Jauss, on Receptional Methodology created by Bordini and Aguiar and on Levels of literary reception from Hans Kügler. This research was developed in a school located in Presidente Prudente city... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-13Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000802245.pdf: 1893078 bytes, checksum: f9a33ddcfa659b37adc9ab84271d37d8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa Um percurso teórico- metodológico para leitura de “O isqueiro mágico” e “A rainha da neve”, de Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) pautou-se na concepção de linguagem entendida como um processo de interação humana e no ato de ler como uma atividade complexa, envolvendo aspectos não somente gramaticais e semânticos, mas também pragmáticos e dialógicos. Esta concepção teórica foi adotada por estar de acordo com os objetivos desta investigação: 1) analisar a estrutura textual e temática de dois contos de H. C. Andersen, “O isqueiro mágico” (1835) e “A rainha da neve” (1845), selecionados a partir do corpus de sua obra, observando aspectos comuns relativos ao tema, ao assunto, à mensagem; ao enredo; ao tempo, ao espaço; ao narrador, ao foco narrativo e às personagens; 2) definir critérios para a escolha de um livro ou de um conto de literatura infantil; 3) sugerir atividades que possam contribuir com o trabalho da literatura infantil em sala de aula. O foco do estudo definiu-se em relação ao texto narrativo/clássico da literatura infantil. As atividades desenvolvidas foram de cunho bibliográfico e acompanharam todo o processo de investigação. Por fim, o fato de a leitura constituir-se de um dos grandes problemas vividos pela escola e pela sociedade como um todo, como aqueles relativos ao analfabetismo funcional, à não formação do leitor e à não compreensão de textos literários justifica uma pesquisa que venha a contribuir para a superação dos problemas vividos pelas escola, no que concerne à leitura. / The survey A methodological theoretical pathway for reading “The tinderbox” and “The snow queen” by Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875), based on the concept of language understood as a process of human interaction and the act of reading, as a complex activity, involving not only grammatical and semantic aspects, but pragmatic and dialogic ones. This theoretical concept was adopted since it agrees with the goals of this investigation: 1) to analyze the textual and thematic structure of two H. C. Andersen’s tales, “The tinderbox” and “The snow queen”, selected from the corpus of his work, noticing similarities regarding the theme, subject, message; plot; time, space and place; the narrator and narrative focus and the characters; 2) to define criteria for the choice of a book or a short story from children's literature; 3) suggest activities that may contribute to the instruction of children’s literature in classrooms. The focus of the study was defined in relation to the narrative/classic text of children's literature. The activities developed undertaken were of bibliographic nature and accompanied the entire process of investigation. Finally, the fact of reading is one of the major problems experienced by school and by society as a whole, such as those relating to functional illiteracy, non-formation of the reader and lack of understanding of literary texts, justifies a research that will contribute to overcoming the problems experienced by school, when it comes to reading.

Orientador: Geraldo Di Giovanni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T08:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moro_AnaElisaFerreira_M.pdf: 1935554 bytes, checksum: 95606e9b034ad62aa836a27be221b5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Tendo em vista a trajetória do Welfare State cuja origem remete ao continente europeu com difusão e institucionalização após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e partindo das formulações teóricas de Gøsta Esping-Andersen, sociólogo dinamarquês que atribui a emergência do Welfare State ao desdobramento de fatores históricos e políticos, como a luta de classes, as estruturas de poder político e estruturas institucionais, a presente dissertação objetiva reconstituir os princípios ético-político e filosófico do Welfare State dos países nórdicos, denominado por Esping-Andersen, em razão de sua concepção política, de Welfare State social-democrata. O primeiro capítulo retoma o debate que ocorreu durante o século XIX dentro do Partido Social-democrata da Alemanha, no seio do qual as ideias reformistas social-democratas se consolidaram. A reconstrução do debate teórico ocorrido no século XIX entre os socialistas científicos e os chamados revisionistas destaca Eduard Bernstein como teórico do Partido Social-democrata da Alemanha e expoente do revisionismo. O segundo capítulo investiga o período pós-guerra em que a social-democracia adotou os ditames da política econômica keynesiana e assumiu as políticas sociais como meio para mobilização eleitoral e possíveis melhorias das condições de vida da população em detrimento de uma projeto mais amplo de transformação social. O terceiro capítulo descreve, com base nas teorias de Esping-Andersen e Peter Baldwin, a situação dos países escandinavos, onde se concretizou o "modelo social-democrata" de Welfare State. Baldwin acrescenta que o fato de possuir riscos ocupacionais mais homogêneos possibilitou aos países nórdicos a decisão pelos agrários liberais de políticas sociais universalizantes já no século XIX. No século seguinte a mobilização do Partido social-democrata nos países escandinavos manteve o universalismo ao refletir duplamente os interesses das classes mais desfavorecidas e da classe média. Deste modo, as condições particulares que definem os países escandinavos (dentre elas a alta homogeneidade ocupacional) faz com que o êxito deste "modelo social democrata" seja irreprodutível em outros países / Abstract: Given the trajectory of the welfare state whose origin refers to the European continent with diffusion and institutionalization after World War II and using the theoretical formulations of Gosta Esping-Andersen, Danish sociologist who attributes the emergence of the welfare state to the unfolding of historical and political factors such as class struggle, the structures of political power and institutional structures , this dissertation aims to reconstruct the ethical-political and philosophical principles of the Nordic welfare state called by Esping-Andersen in reason of his political conception of social-democratic Welfare State. The reconstruction of the theoretical debate in the nineteenth century among the scientific socialists and revisionists highlights Eduard Bernstein how theoretical of the Social Democratic Germany Party and exponent of revisionism. The second chapter investigates the postwar period in which social democracy has adopted the dictates of Keynesian economic policy and assumed social policies as a means of electoral mobilization and possible improvements of the living conditions of the population at the expense of a broader project of social transformation. The third chapter describes , based on the theories of Esping - Andersen and Peter Baldwin, the situation of the Scandinavian countries, which materialized the " social democratic model" of welfare state. Possession of more homogeneous occupational hazards led to the decision by the bourgeoisie of universalizing social policies in the nineteenth century to the Nordic countries. In the following century the mobilization of the Social Democratic Party in the Scandinavian countries kept doubly universalism to reflect the interests of the lower classes and the middle class. Thus, the particular conditions that define the Scandinavian countries (among them high occupational homogeneity) makes the success of this "social democratic model" irreproducible in other countries / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico