Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver um método para obtenção de parâmetros antropométricos através de um digitalizador tridimensional de baixo custo. A fundamentação teórica da presente pesquisa abrange temas relacionados ao processo de Design, produtos personalizados e de tecnologia assistiva, além da relação entre os parâmetros antropométricos e o projeto de produto. Assim, foram investigados os métodos utilizados para o levantamento dos parâmetros antropométricos pelo processo direto de medição e o respectivo estado da arte. Ainda, foram investigados os métodos utilizados para o levantamento de parâmetros antropométricos lineares por digitalizadores tridimensionais. A metodologia da pesquisa consiste em cinco etapas: pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta e análise dos dados antropométricos pelo método direto e o desenvolvimento do método indireto de obtenção de medidas antropométricas, comparação e análise dos dados obtidos, discussão dos resultados e a finalização da pesquisa. O processo de digitalização utilizado está baseado em um dispositivo de baixo custo, o Microsoft Kinect e no software kscan3D. Para o levantamento antropométrico a partir do modelo tridimensional, é utilizado o software Autodesk 3D Studio Max. Através da comparação e avaliação entre os dados obtidos pelo método direto e indireto, foi possível verificar a compatibilidade dos dados e, assim, validar o método desenvolvido. Como resultado foi proposto um método para realização do levantamento de parâmetros antropométricos utilizando um digitalizador 3D de baixo custo. A pesquisa apresenta recomendações e restrições para a geração do modelo tridimensional, de forma a se obter uma malha com precisão satisfatória. É apresentado um fluxograma para orientar a aplicação do método desenvolvido no processo de Design bem como um quadro-resumo contendo diretrizes para esta aplicação. O método desenvolvido obteve 97,96% de compatibilidade nos resultados das variáveis mensuradas em relação ao método direto. Estes resultados foram obtidos com um tempo de exposição do indivíduo de apenas 3 minutos e 28 segundos, muito inferior ao tempo necessário no método direto, que foi de 1 hora e 12 minutos, o que demonstra uma das principais contribuições do método proposto. / The aim of this paper is to develop a method for obtaining anthropometric parameters using a low cost three-dimensional digitizer. The theoretical foundation of this research covers topics related to the design process, personalized products and assistive technology. It also considers the relationship between anthropometric parameters and product design. Thus, we investigated the methods used in the analysis of anthropometric parameters through direct process measurement and its state of the art. Moreover, it was investigated the methods used for collect anthropometric parameters through linear three-dimensional scanners. The research methodology is divided in five steps: literature review; collection and analysis of anthropometric data using the direct method and also the development of the indirect method for obtaining anthropometric measurements; comparison and data analysis; discussion of results and the completion of the research. The digitization process developed it is based on Microsoft Kinect, a low-cost device, and also on the software kscan3D. For the anthropometric collection from the three-dimensional model is used Autodesk 3D Studio Max. Through the comparison and evaluation of the data obtained by the direct and the indirect methods, it was possible to verify the compatibility of the data and thus validate the developed method. Therefore, it was proposed a method for collecting anthropometric parameters using a low-cost 3D scanner. This research presents requirements and constraints for generate the threedimensional model in order to obtain a mesh with satisfactory precision. It is presented a flowchart to guide the implementation of the developed method in the design process as well as a summary table containing guidelines for this application. The developed method achieved 97.96% of compatibility considering the results of the measured variables in relation to the direct method. These results were obtained with an exposure time of the individual of only 3 minutes and 28 seconds, which is less than the time required in the direct method – 1 hour and 12 minutes. This demonstrates one major contribution of the developed method.

Este trabalho fundamenta a aquisição de modelo digital auricular por meio do escâner de superfície e avalia o posicionamento tridimensional do modelo auricular digital, espelhado segundo medidas antropométricas faciais, com e sem referência anatômica do canal auditivo externo, bem como desenvolve um dispositivo posicionador tridimensional para prótese auricular. Os dados de dez indivíduos voluntários, adultos maiores de 25 anos de idade, não portadores de lesão congênita ou adquirida na região craniofacial e de ambos os gêneros foram submetidos ao Teste dos Postos Sinalizados de Wilcoxon (p0,05) e a medida angular C6 foi avaliada de forma porcentual. Os resultados demonstram que ocorre assimetria nas medidas lineares da posição dos modelos auriculares direitos e esquerdos espelhados nos respectivos lados contralaterais da face sem a referência do conduto auditivo externo, sendo duas vezes mais frequente no espelhamento do modelo auricular esquerdo no lado direito da face. Observa-se menor assimetria dos modelos auriculares direitos espelhados no lado esquerdo da face e simetria na posição dos modelos esquerdos espelhados no lado direito da face, com a referência do conduto auditivo externo. A medida angular C6 apresenta menor assimetria na posição dos modelos auriculares direitos do que nos esquerdos, espelhados nos respectivos lados contralaterais da face, com e sem a referência do conduto auditivo externo. Conclui-se que a utilização do conduto auditivo externo como referência anatômica proporciona melhor simetria linear e angular da posição dos modelos auriculares virtuais direitos e esquerdos, espelhados nos respectivos lados contralaterais da face. O dispositivo posicionador projetado possibilita o ajuste das assimetrias detectadas no espelhamento de modelos auriculares, promovendo a compensação das discrepâncias evidenciadas durante o planejamento virtual para posicionamento do modelo auricular. / This study substantiates the acquisition of auricular digital model, by means of surface scanner, and assesses the placement of three-dimensional auricular digital models, mirrored according to facial anthropometric measurements, with and without anatomical reference of the external auditory canal, as well as developing a prosthetic device for three-dimensional positioning of the mirrored auricular model. The digital data of ten volunteers, adults over 25 years old, not suffering from congenital or acquired lesions in the craniofacial region and of both genders underwent Wilcoxon Ranking Test (p0.05) and angular measurement C6 was assessed as percentage. The results show that occurs asymmetry regarding the linear measurements in the positioning of the right and left ear models when mirrored in their contra lateral side of the face without reference of the external auditory canal, being twice as common in mirroring the left auricular model on the right side of the face. It is observed less asymmetry in the right auricular models mirrored on the left side of the face and symmetry in the positioning of the left models mirrored on the right side of the face, with the reference of the external auditory canal. The angular measurement C6 shows less asymmetry in the positioning of the models right auricular model than in those of the left, mirrored in their contra lateral side of the face, with or without reference to the external auditory canal. The use of the external auditory canal as anatomical reference provides better linear and angular symmetry in positioning the virtual auricular right and left models, mirrored in their contra lateral side of the face The three-dimensional positioner device designed enables the adjustment of the asymmetries found in mirroring the digital auricular models, providing compensation for discrepancies evidenced during the virtual positioning of the auricular model.

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade grave dificulta fisicamente a avaliação da composição corporal. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver equações para estimativa de gordura corporal (GC) em obesos grau III. MÉTODOS: Adultos obesos graves tiveram a GC estimada por bioimpedância elétrica (BIA impedância de 5, 50, 100 e 200kHz) e por método de referência (pletismografia de deslocamento aéreo - PDA). Avaliaram-se os limites de concordância e seu coeficiente de correlação (CCC). Novas equações preditivas foram desenvolvidas por análise de regressão multivariada. RESULTADOS: A GC estimada por BIA e PDA foi similar para a população estudada (64,8 ± 15kg vs 65,6 ± 16kg, p>0,05). Ambas tiveram boa acurácia, precisão e CCC, porém a sua comparação teve amplos limites de concordância que variaram de -10,4 a 8,8kg. A equação residente de BIA aplicada em mulheres superestimou a GC (-1,3 kg; p<0,05) e em homens subestimou a GC (5,6 kg; p<0,05). Novas equações preditivas de GC foram criadas, para BIA de freqüência de 50kHz, Horie-Waitzberg & Barbosa-Silva1: GC1 (kg) = 23,25 + (0,13 × idade) + (1,00 × peso atual) + (0,09 × Resistência 50kHz) (0,80 × altura) e para BIA de frequência de 100kHz, Horie-Waitzberg & Barbosa-Silva2: GC2 (kg) = 23,97 + (0,10 × Impedância 100kHz) + (0,11 × idade) + (0,99 × peso atual) - (0,80 × altura). CONCLUSÕES: A equação residente no aparelho de BIA foi inadequada para estimar a GC em pacientes obesos grau III. As equações desenvolvidas especialmente para esta população forneceram estimativas de GC mais precisas (melhores limites de concordância, precisão, acurácia e CCC). / RATIONALE: Severe obesity limits physically the body composition assessment. AIM: To develop equations of body fat (BF) estimative in severe obesity. METHODS: Severely obese adults had BF estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA impedance of 5, 50, 100 and 200kHz) and reference method (air displacement plethysmography - ADP). The limits of agreement and of concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of the data were evaluated. New predictive equations were developed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The BF estimations from BIA and ADP were similar for the studied population (64.8 ± 15kg vs 65.6 ± 16.4kg, p>0.05). Both had good accuracy, precision, and CCC, but their comparison had wide limit of agreement with range from -10.4 to 8.8kg. The home BIA equation overestimated BF in women (-1.3 kg, p<0,05) and underestimated BF in men (5.6 kg; p <0.05). BF new predictive equations were generated, for BIA with 50kHz frequency, Horie- Waitzberg & Barbosa-Silva1: BF1 (kg) = 23.25 + (0.13 × age) + (1.00 × current weight) + (0.09 × Resistance 50kHz) (0.80 × height) and for BIA with 100kHz frequency, Horie-Waitzberg & Barbosa-Silva2: BF2 (kg) = 23.97 + (0.10 × Impedance 100kHz) + (0.11 × age) + (0.99 × current weight) - (0.80 × height). CONCLUSIONS: The home equation on BIA was inadequate for estimating BF in severely obese patients. Equations developed especially for this population provides more accurate BF estimative (better limits of agreement accuracy, precision and CCC).

Introduction A group of 317 HIV-1 infected pregnant women and 53 postpartum HIV-negative women were recruited for a two-year prospective descriptive study of psychosocial and other determinants of antenatally planned and actual postnatal feeding, associations between maternal status and infant feeding practices, and health outcomes. Methods The subjects were interviewed periodically for 2 years using structured research instruments. Anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of nutritional status and measurements of pysychosocial wellbeing were obtained from the mothers. Data was collected on infant feeding and outcomes for the babies. Results At recruitment, 74% of mothers planned to formula-feed. Significant differences between these women and those who planned to breastfeed emerged. After delivery, 25% of the women who antenatally planned to formula-feed changed their minds and actually breastfed. Conversely, half of the women who antenatally planned to breastfeed actually formula-fed. Some significant reasons emerged for these feeding changes. Most mothers were well-nourished or overweight. Breastfeeding mothers lost little weight between six weeks and six months after delivery. At the end of follow-up, 65% were obese. While there were differences between HIV-infected and uninfected women in respect of micronutrients, no deficiencies were observed. Vitamin A and selenium concentrations were higher in the HIV-infected women than uninfected women at six weeks. There were no significant micronutrient changes over time. Most mothers maintained an adequate immune status with only slow deterioration of CD4 counts. At two years postpartum, 60% had a CD4 cell count greater than 500cells/mm³, and only about 8% less than 200/mm3. HIV transmission was 15% by 24 months of follow-up. Among the 65 ever breastfed children, 16 (24.6%) were HIV-infected compared to 12.8% of never breastfed children. Most children were growing normally, suggesting that, overall, maternal HIV status did not interfere with feeding ability. Eight mothers (3%) and 33 children (11%) died. Only 12 of 33 children who had died had a positive HIV-PCR. By 2 years, 78% surviving HIV-infected children had been initiated onto ARV therapy. Maternal adherence to HAART was poor. Conclusion HIV and infant feeding counselling is inadequate in the routine PMTCT programme, with stigma and lack of disclosure continuing as major barriers to appropriate care. Whilst maternal obesity was common, most children were growing normally. Weaknesses in routine PMTCT services were identified, and compliance with HAART was poor. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Paediatrics and Child Health / unrestricted

Bibliographic Identification Name and surname of the author: Mgr. Jakub Holický Name of dissertation: The Psychomotor Development Children from Prague Schools and Orphanages Workplace: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Didactics of Physical Education and Sports Supervisor of the work: prof. PhDr. Antonín Rychtecký, DrSc. Year of presentation: 2015 Abstract The results of the international studies showed significantly lower level in psychomotor development of children from orphanages in comparison to their peers from majority society. There is currently no study in Czech Republic. Therefore it is important to analyze children in Czech Republic in this field. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the level of psychomotor development and anthropometric indicators of children in orphanages in Prague with their peers from majority society. Methods: This dissertation is a type of quantitative research. The dissertation has the character of empirical and theoretical work. This research used method of observation. The psychomotor development of children was tested with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), which contains 52 items, divided into 12 dimensions. The sample size consists of 449 probands, 224 boys and 225 girls from the Prague region. In orphanages were...

There is increasing recognition of the relationship between depression and obesity in the pediatric population and recently, there has been a focus on inflammation as a potential link. Both conditions are considered to be pro-inflammatory states, and certain inflammatory markers are linked to depression in obese adults and vice versa. Leptin has also been implicated in depression as a potential mediator between inflammation and depression. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is associated with depression and obesity, is influenced by inflammation and leptin in animal models as well. Few studies have examined the interactions between depression, adiposity, and biological markers in obese youth and therefore, our objective was to explore the determinants of depression in obese youth in a clinical setting. We studied 244 youth aged 8-17 years (125 girls, 119 boys) at the time of entry to a weight management program, as part of a prospective, longitudinal study. The CES-DC depression-screening tool was used to assess depressive symptoms, and a participant was classified as having high depressive symptoms if the CES-DC score ≥15 or taking antidepressants. Questionnaires assessed socio-demographic factors and puberty while adiposity was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα, CRP, IL-10), leptin, and BDNF were quantified by immunoassays. Of the 244 participants, 8 were on antidepressants and 88 (36.4%) met the criteria for high depressive symptoms. We confirmed previous findings that household income and body fat were important determinants of depressive symptoms. However for the first time, it was identified that leptin levels predicted CES-DC score independent of body fat. Neither inflammatory markers nor BDNF were significantly related to depression scores. Our findings suggest that leptin may mediate the relationship of adiposity and depression but it is uncertain if this is related to direct action or to the phenomenon of leptin resistance. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Obesity has a significant impact on depression in children and adolescents. Inflammation – the body’s response to injury – is measured through markers in the blood and leptin – the marker of body fat – have shown to be related to depression. Research indicates that depression influences these factors to act on obesity. However, research on the interactions of biological and socio-demographic factors with depression in youth with obesity is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to explore the impact of these factors on depression in obese youth entering into a weight management program. Using a depression-screening tool, we studied 244 youth under 18 years and confirmed that household income and body fat were important factors of depression. However for the first time, we found leptin influenced depression regardless of the amount of fat present suggesting that depression acts on obesity through leptin but it is uncertain how this occurs and further research is warranted.

Taste is one of the crucial factors that contributes to shaping eating behaviors and is also one of the leading reasons that affects our preferences to like or dislike some foods that mainly have a bitter taste. Variation in bitter phenotype (tasters and non-tasters) could influence diet quality and in turn body weight, which overall influenced health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify whether bitter taste phenotype status influences anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage, and eating behaviors (liking and intake) in female college students. In this cross-sectional study (n = 86), female college students aged 18 to 22 from Mississippi State University were classified into one of two groups (taster or non-taster) by means of a taste test of filter paper saturated with the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Adiposity was measured using anthropometric measurements and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A food liking survey was administrated to identify how much participants liked or disliked various foods and beverages. Dietary intake of total energy intake, macronutrients, fruits, and vegetables were evaluated using the NIH Diet History Questionnaire. Bitter phenotype status was not significantly associated with adiposity indicators; however, it was associated with food liking scores for foods that have bitter and umami tastes such as kale and mushrooms. Additionally, bitter phenotype was associated with dietary intake for total fruits and vitamin C intakes. Ethnic background was the strongest independent variable that was significantly correlated with adiposity indicators and food liking. These results suggested that while bitter taste phenotype may influence eating behaviors in certain foods, it does not affect adiposity indicators and body fat percentage.

The problem of this study is that of comparing certain physical fitness and anthropometric measures for early adolescent Mexican-American and Anglo-American males. The purposes of the study are to determine if Mexican-American and Anglo-American males differ in physical fitness or anthropometric measures; to determine if the relationships between age and physical fitness, age and arthropometric measures, and anthropometric measures and physical fitness items are significantly different for Mexican-American and Anglo-American males; to compare the rate of maturation for pre-adolescent Mexican-American and Anglo-American males in physical fitness items and anthropometric measures.

No description available.

Ensaio clínico aleatorizado conduzido para avaliar o impacto de intervenção intensiva para mudança de estilo de vida em indivíduos com sobrepeso em um Centro de Saúde-Escola em São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dos 259 voluntários (203 mulheres e 56 homens; idade entre 25 e 72 anos) que concordaram em participar do estudo, 104 foram elegíveis (83 mulheres e 21 homens), sendo distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (10 homens e 41 mulheres), com acompanhamento nutricional individualizado, e grupo controle (11 homens e 42 mulheres), que receberam somente orientações gerais e folheto explicativo sobre estilo de vida saudável. A avaliação da composição corporal, indicadores bioquímicos, consumo alimentar e estilo de vida - incluindo-se a prática de atividades físicas, foi realizada no princípio, após 6 meses e 1 ano de estudo. A intervenção nutricional consistiu de incentivo ao consumo de frutas, vegetais, óleo de oliva e produtos lácteos pobres em gordura, associados com a redução do consumo de gorduras saturadas e doces, bem como o estímulo à prática de atividades físicas por pelo menos 30 minutos ao dia. O programa de intervenção mostrou-se efetivo na redução do consumo de calorias, gorduras totais, gorduras saturadas, colesterol, freqüência de carnes, óleos/gorduras e doces. Além disso, observamos um incremento no consumo de fibra total da dieta, fibras de frutas e vegetais, ß-caroteno, vitamina A, cálcio, freqüência de consumo de frutas em geral, vegetais em geral, vegetais verde escuros e leite/derivados. O programa mostrou-se viável em unidades básicas de saúde e efetivo na redução de peso, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol total, LDL colesterol, ácido úrico, homocisteína, aumento da prática de atividades físicas, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida no grupo intervenção. / Randomized Nutritional Intervention trial was carried out to evaluate the impact of intensive intervention in changing life style of overweight adults attending at a primary health care in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. Of the 259 volunteers (203 women and 56 men; 25 to 72 years old) that agreed in participating in the study, 104 were eligible (83 women and 21 men), and were randomly allocated in two groups: Nutrition Counseling group (42 women, 11 men) with individualized dietary counseling, and Control Group (41 women, 10 men) who recieved only general information and leaflets about healthy life style. The assessment of body composition, biochemical indicators, food consumption and life style – including practice of physical activity were carried out at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. The dietary interventions included increased intake of fruits, vegetables, olive oil and skimmed dairy products, together with reduced intake of saturated fat and sweets, as well as instructions for regular practice of physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day. The intervention program demonstrated to be effective in reducing consumption of calories, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and frequency of meets, fats/oils and sweet groups. Moreover, we observed an increment in the consumption of dietary fiber, fiber of fruits and vegetables, ß-carotene, vitamin A, calcium, and in the frequency of fruits, vegetables, dark green vegetables and dairy products. The program demonstrated to be feasible at a primary health care unit and was effective in reducing weight, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, uric acid, homocysteine, and improved the physical activity level and quality of life in the intervention group.