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Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Conducta Antisocial y Delictiva en escolares de Huánuco / Psychometric properties of the Antisocial and Criminal Behavior Scale in Huanuco schoolchildrenBarranca Sosa, Daniela Romelia, Lino Cruz, Cristopher Junior 18 February 2022 (has links)
El objetivo de la investigación es determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Conducta Antisocial y Delictiva en Adolescentes (ECADA; Andreu & Peña, 2013) escolares de un distrito de Huánuco. La muestra estuvo conformada por 347 estudiantes (47.3 % varones y 52.7 % mujeres), con edades entre 12 a 17 años, de instituciones educativas públicas y privadas. Se comprobó la validez basada en relación con otra variable a través de la adaptación del Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss y Perry (AQ) realizada por Matalinares et al. (2012). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio revelan que la estructura de segundo orden (M3) presenta adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste: χ2(116) = 144.93; CFI = .90; RMSEA = .03. Además, se reporta una fiabilidad adecuada (> .80). En conclusión, la ECADA posee aceptables evidencias de validez y de fiabilidad, por tanto, se recomienda continuar investigando las propiedades psicométricas de este instrumento. / The objective of the research is to determine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Antisocial and Criminal Behavior in Adolescents (ECADA; Andreu and Peña, 2013) in schoolchildren in a district of Huánuco. The sample consisted of 347 students (47.3% men and 52.7% women), aged between 12 and 17 years, from public and private educational institutions. Validity based on another variable was verified through the adaptation of the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) carried out by Matalinares et al. (2012). The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis reveal that the second-order structure (M3) presents adequate goodness-of-fit indices: χ2(116) = 144.93; CFI = .90; RMSEA = .03. In addition, adequate reliability (> .80) is reported. In conclusion, the ECADA has acceptable evidence of validity and reliability, therefore, it is recommended to continue investigating the psychometric properties of this instrument. / Tesis
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Making a Decision to Retreat, Relate, or Retaliate: An Examination of Theoretical Predictors of Behavioral Responses to Bullying in a High School SettingStubbs-Richardson, Megan Suzanne 14 December 2018 (has links)
The purpose of this dissertation is to extend General Strain Theory (GST) to examine prosocial, asocial, and antisocial behavior in response to bullying. In GST, Agnew (1992; 2001; 2013) asserted that negative emotions can lead to criminal or aggressive coping but there are a number of factors that increase or decrease the propensity to respond aggressively (Agnew, 1992; Richman & Leary, 2009). In this dissertation, I examine whether and how rejection (operationalized as bullying victimization) is associated with aggressive responding as opposed to prosocial (e.g., befriending others) or asocial (e.g., avoiding people and social events) responding. This dissertation consists of three studies testing theoretical variables of bullying victimization as well as behavioral responses to four types of bullying: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Study 1 of this dissertation examines risk and protective factors for types of bullying victimization. Study 2 applies GST to test the effect of social support, or the availability of alternative relationships (i.e., having others to count on or turn to for social support), on responses to four types of bullying. Study 3 tests the effect of power dynamics on responses to physical and relational bullying. In conducting this research, I hope to: 1) integrate interdisciplinary bodies of literature to examine risk and protective factors of bullying victimization and behavioral responses to bullying and 2) improve understanding of how these experiences are affected by the power dynamics involved in bullying. Overall, the results of this dissertation suggest that types of negative emotions and behavioral outcomes vary by type of bullying victimization. Cyber bullying was found to have more negative consequences than any other form of bullying. Across all four forms of bullying, social support was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of youth engaging in prosocial behavior. Implicit power, or the perception that one’s bully has a high social standing at school, significantly influenced responses based on the type of bullying. However, even when controlling for power dynamics, social support was still associated with increased prosocial behavior in response to bullying victimization. Theory and policy implications are discussed.
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An Examination of the Influence of Romantic Relationships on Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior During the Period of Emerging Adulthood: A Mixed-Methods ApproachHocevar, Andrea 09 March 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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The Effect of the Parent-Adolescent Emotional Context on the Link between Positive Parenting Practices and Adolescent Behavioral AdjustmentMolitor, Joseph January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Effectiveness of Peer-mediated Social Skills Instruction on Indicators of Psychopathology in African American YouthFlorkey, Laura Elizabeth 16 August 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Parental Incarceration, Identity, and Adult Children's Antisocial BehaviorFinkeldey, Jessica Grace 03 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Investigating Dimensions of Psychopathy in an Adjudicated Adolescent Sample: The Role of Race, Sex and Disruptive Family ProcessesJames, Matthew Gene 03 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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解析青少年犯罪率高峰之現象:「低自我控制」「與成熟代溝」之再議 / Analysis of the Concepts of Low Self-Control and Maturity Gap in the Pick Delinquency Phenomenon of Adolescents at Taiwan曾幼涵, Tzeng, Yo-Han Unknown Date (has links)
國內外的犯罪統計都發現青少年犯罪率高峰之現象。本研究擷取一般犯罪理論(A general theory of crime; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990)與成熟代溝理論(Maturity gap theory; Moffitt, 1993)的觀點來探討青少年犯罪率高峰現象之成因。一般犯罪理論採犯罪成因一元解釋觀點,認為犯罪人皆來自社會化不良所產生之低自我控制(low self-control)特質,低自我控制者具有貪圖眼前享樂,不顧未來後果的特性;一旦遇到適當的犯罪時機就會產生犯罪行為,而青春期正是犯罪能力與動機較強之時期,故青少年犯罪率特高。Moffitt將青少年犯罪分成青少年暫時型反社會行為(Adolescence-limited antisocial behavior)與終生型反社會行為(Life-course-persistent antisocial behavior)兩種,前者源於成熟代溝(maturity gap),指青少年在青春期生理成熟時產生之成人角色需求,受到法律或親長之限制而引發叛逆犯罪;後者則源於較先天性的神經心理因素。本研究即以「低自我控制」與「成熟問題」兩觀點來探索青少年犯罪率高峰現象的成因。本研究抽取國、高中學生共602人以及矯正機構學生共222人,比較國一到高三共六個年級的偏差行為分數,發現國二到國三是偏差行為的遽增期。階層回歸分析發現「低自我控制」先於社會化而存在,對偏差行為有很強的預測力;但是「成熟問題」的預測力與「低自我控制」相當。將受試者分成小時候即有偏差行為且持續到國中以後的「早發型」,以及直到國中以後才開始有偏差行為的「晚發型」,發現「早發型」無論在「低自我控制」或「成熟問題」,都較「晚發型」來得高分(即自我控制力較低,成熟困擾較高);訪談二位「早發型」及二位「晚發型」的矯正機構學生,發現「早發型」之自我控制力較低,但成熟困擾與「晚發型」相當。由於青春期發展困擾普遍存在於偏差青少年,使小學階段即有偏差行為的「早發型」產生更多違犯行為,使原先沒有偏差行為的「晚發型」開始從事違犯行為,乃因而產生青少年犯罪率高峰之現象。本研究額外的發現是,親長若對於青少年之官能性成熟需求加以限制,可抑制偏差行為之發生。另外,可預期「早發型」有持續犯罪的可能性,因為除了「低自我控制」的不良特質外,該特質會與惡質環境交互作用而產生進一步的累積結果(cumulative consequences)。 / With regard to the pick-delinquency phenomenon of adolescents, there are two major theories. A General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) attribute the phenomenon to the crime committing opportunity caused by the strengthened motivation and action capacity of low self-control individuals who step into adolescence period. The Maturity-Gap Theory (Moffitt, 1993) emphasizes that the discrepancy between the newly developed needs and the limitation toward the fulfillment of these needs from social agents caused the jump of juvenile delinquency. 606 Students of general schools and 222 custodial adolescents of correction schools were asked to answer a questionnaire of which the variables related to the two theories were constructed. Using deviant behaviors as criterion variables and the measured variables as predicting variables, the regression analyses by sets of variables yield the following results:(1) instant fun seeking, impulsiveness, deviant peer association and sensual needs resulted from maturation are highly significant variables to predict deviant behaviors. Whereas, the inhibition of sensual maturation needs from adults are countering variables to prevent adolescents from doing deviant behavior. In sum, maturity is highly related to juvenile delinquency but not the way explained by the maturity-gap theory at least at Taiwan. Comparing the delinquents of " early onset (of crime)" and "late onset" with "never onset" adolescents, the deviant profiles of the former two groups are similar to each other, but with the "early onset" having higher scores on the measured undesirable variables which may result from cumulative effect of circulating interaction between the adolescent's low self-control characteristics and vicious environment. The same conclusion can be derived from the qualitative data from interviewing four delinquents of correction school.
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Développement des comportements antisociaux de l’enfance au début de l’âge adulte : différences sexuelles et théories du contrôleRobitaille, Marie-Pier 05 1900 (has links)
Contexte. Alors que le fait que les femmes manifestent moins de comportements antisociaux que les hommes est bien établi, l’étiologie des différences sexuelles liées à ces comportements demeure grandement incomprise. Objectif. Le but de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre l’étiologie des différences sexuelles liées aux comportements antisociaux de l’enfance au début de l’âge adulte. Cadre théorique. Les propositions des théories du contrôle en regard des différences sexuelles ont été examinées en comblant certaines de leurs limites utilisant une approche développementale. Les associations entre le contrôle parental, le contrôle de soi, le patriarcat familial et les comportements antisociaux des hommes et des femmes ont été analysées. Une attention particulière a été portée aux périodes développementales (ex., adolescence, âge adulte), aux types de comportements (ex., violents, contre les biens) et aux types de mesures (ex., autorapportés, dossiers criminels) afin d’assurer une analyse complète des différences sexuelles. Méthodologie. Les données proviennent de 3007 participants de l'Étude longitudinale québécoise des enfants de maternelle au Québec, prospectivement suivi de la maternelle au début de l'âge adulte. Les comportements antisociaux ont été mesurés à l'enfance (6 à 12 ans), à l'adolescence (13 à 17 ans) et au début de l’âge adulte (âgés de 18 à 26) par des questionnaires autorapportés, entrevues cliniques et dossiers criminels juvénile et adulte. Des analyses multiniveaux et modèles complexes non paramétriques (ex., régression binomiale négative avec inflation du zéro, régressions longitudinales à associations croisées) ont été utilisés pour vérifier les hypothèses des théories du contrôle social, du contrôle de soi, et du pouvoir-contrôle quant aux différences sexuelles. Principaux résultats. Les résultats ont montré que le contrôle de soi et le contrôle parental étaient associés de manière similaire aux comportements antisociaux des hommes et des femmes. Les filles avaient généralement un meilleur contrôle de soi et étaient plus contrôlées par leurs parents que les garçons, ce qui explique partiellement leur moins grande manifestation de comportements antisociaux. Ni les contrôles parentaux ni le contrôle de soi n’expliquent l’entièreté des différences sexuelles liées aux comportements antisociaux. Les résultats ont aussi révélé des influences réciproques entre le contrôle de soi, le contrôle parental et les comportements antisociaux, suggérant l’interaction de l'enfant avec son environnement dans l'émergence et la persistance des comportements antisociaux. Le patriarcat familial n’intervient généralement pas dans l’étiologie des comportements antisociaux des garçons ou des filles. Néanmoins, les résultats suggèrent que le contrôle de soi et le patriarcat familial pourraient influencer davantage la fréquence ou la diversité des comportements antisociaux rapportés dans les dossiers criminels. Conclusions. La présente thèse montre l’importance d’étudier les différences sexuelles liées aux comportements antisociaux dans toute leur complexité, c’est-à-dire en considérant la période développementale et les types de comportements et de mesures. Les résultats suggèrent que les mêmes facteurs de risque du contrôle seraient associés aux comportements antisociaux des hommes et des femmes et que ces facteurs de risque auraient un effet similaire sur eux. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’exposition différentielle des hommes et des femmes à ces facteurs de risque expliquerait les différences sexuelles liées aux comportements antisociaux. Un modèle alternatif du contrôle est proposé pour améliorer la compréhension de l’étiologie de ces différences sexuelles. / Context. The fact that girls manifest less antisocial behavior than boys is well known, although the etiology of the sex differences in antisocial behavior is still relatively misunderstood. Objective. The aim is to improve the understanding of the etiology of sex differences in antisocial behavior from childhood to early adulthood. Theoretical Framework. A theoretical framework was built based on control theories in criminology, addressing their weaknesses with developmental studies strengths. Associations between three control-related constructs (i.e., self-control, parental control, and familial patriarchy) and boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior is assessed across developmental periods, in addition to their interplay. Method. Data are from 3007 participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children prospectively followed from kindergarten to early-adulthood. Antisocial behavior was assessed during childhood (ages 6 to 12), adolescence (ages 13 to 17) and early adulthood (ages 18 to 26) using questionnaires, clinical interviews, and juvenile and adult official records. Multilevel analyses and non-parametric complex models (e.g., Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions, Cross-Lagged Path Modeling) were used to test the hypotheses regarding sex differences in antisocial behavior proposed by self-control theory, social control theory and power-control theory. Main Results. Results showed that self-control and parental control are risk factors of antisocial behavior for boys and girls. Girls generally had a better self-control and were more controlled by their parents than boys, which partially explained that they manifested less antisocial behavior. Neither self-control nor parental control explained the entirety of the noted sex differences in antisocial behavior. In addition, there were reciprocal influences between self-control, parental control, and antisocial behavior from childhood to adolescence, suggesting a transactional process of the child and its environment in the emergence and persistence of antisocial behavior. Familial patriarchy was overall not associated with boys’ or girls’ manifestation of antisocial behavior. Results, however, indicated that self-control and familial patriarchy could have a stronger influence in regards of the frequency and/or diversity officially recorded antisocial behavior. Conclusions. This thesis supports the relevance of considering all variations in sex differences in antisocial behavior, namely variations across developmental periods, types of behavior and measures. Results suggest that the same control risk factors are associated with boys’ and girls’ antisocial behavior and that those risk factors have a similar effect for them. Sex differences in exposition to those risk factors would generally better explain sex differences in antisocial behavior. An alternative developmental model of control is proposed to account for all sex differences.
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L’isolement cellulaire des détenus associé au risque de récidive violente et non violente : une revue systématique et méta-analyseLuigi, Mimosa 06 1900 (has links)
La récidive en communauté est associée à de lourdes conséquences financières et une atteinte à la santé publique. L’isolement cellulaire (IC) est une pratique adoptée pour répondre aux comportements perturbateurs en milieu carcéral, sans indications quant à l’impact sur la récidive. Environ 7% des détenus nord-américains sont logés en IC et plusieurs vivront une détérioration psychologique. De plus, la littérature ne démontre pas une réduction de l’inconduite suite à l’IC, mettant en doute la possibilité d’un changement comportemental. Clarifier l’effet de l’IC sur la récidive permettrait d’informer les débats récents autour de son rendement coût-efficacité et d’évaluer les risques de victimisation associés. Une revue systématique et une méta-analyse ont donc été menées afin d’élucider l’impact de l’IC sur la récidive. Des modèles à effets mixtes ont été employés pour quantifier l’association entre l’IC et la réarrestation, réincarcération ou récidive violente. Des sous-analyses ont permis d’évaluer le risque de récidive associé à différentes formes d’IC, la durée d’exposition et le temps écoulé entre la sortie d’IC et la libération. Notre article a démontré une association modérée entre l’IC et l’augmentation de la récidive, laquelle résistait au contrôle de facteurs confondants. L’IC était associé à l’augmentation des trois formes de récidive. De surcroît, une plus longue et récente exposition augmentait davantage ce risque. Ainsi, ce mémoire contribue à démontrer que l’IC ne présente pas de retombées comportementales pouvant contrebalancer ses coûts opérationnels ou sur la santé mentale des détenus. Plusieurs initiatives sont proposées pour faciliter la réintégration des détenus exposés à l’IC. / Recidivism amongst releasees bears heavy consequences for society in terms of financial costs and public health strain. Placing inmates in solitary confinement (SC) was adopted as a solution for disordered behaviors in prison, without indication as to its impacts on recidivism. Approximately 7% of North American inmates are housed in SC, many of whom will suffer psychological deterioration. Moreover, studies dispute that SC can reduce institutional misconduct, casting doubt on its potential for inspiring behavioral change. To clarify the effects of SC on recidivism would inform recent debates around its cost effectiveness and the evaluation of associated victimization risks. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to clarify the impact of SC on recidivism. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out to quantify the association between SC and rearrest, reincarceration, and violent reoffense. Additional sub-analyses allowed to characterize recidivism risk following different forms of SC, lengthier periods of exposure, and shorter transition time between release from SC and to the community. Our article showed a moderate association between SC and increased recidivism, which remained robust to confounders. SC was associated with an increase in all forms of recidivism. Finally, longer and more recent exposure to SC upon release both further increased recidivism risk. This memoir thus provides further evidence that SC does not present significant benefits that could outweigh its associated mental health and financial costs. Finally, multiple initiatives are discussed in the context that they could facilitate community reentry for inmates exposed to SC.
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