"The Mestizo Consciousness" is a research based on the work of the Mexican-American researcher Glória Anzaldúa and her definition of people who live between the borders of the dualism of society, whether they are borders of race, physical borders between countries, moral borders or political, linguistic or sexual borders. By first analysing the place of the mestizo, we will follow the development of this "non-place" from Alzaldúa onwards and the way in which it affects the individual and society. To do this, we will draw on the thought and experience of the authors we have called upon, such as Alzandúa herself, Derrida in "The Monolingualism of the Other" and the life and philosophy of the indigenous Yanomami people, starting with Davi Kopenawa's "The Fall of Heaven". We will show that dualism has been and continues to be present in our society, how it directly affects the life and philosophy of each individual and we will think about the empowerment of those who are outside this model, which passes less through the recognition of this dualism, than through the affirmation, acceptance and admiration of each characteristic that defines the individual in his or her difference. KEY WORDS: ANZALDÚA, DERRIDA, KOPENAWA, METIZA, CONSCIOUSNESS, DECOLONISATION, BORDERLANDS

El propósito de la tesina presente es analizar la manera de expresar las dificultades de una identidad híbrida en dos poemas contemporáneos de dos escritoras de origen latinoamericano, Gloria Anzaldúa y Julia Alvarez. Se han analizado los dos poemas elegidos teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de una identidad híbrida y los problemas que ello conlleva en una sociedad llena de normas y fronteras entre grupos étnicos, culturales y sexuales. Después del análisis de los poemas sigue una comparación entre los resultados de la investigación y finalmente presentamos nuestras conclusiones. El estudio muestra que a pesar de que los poemas parezcan muy diferentes se han encontrado puntos de relación, como por ejemplo la similitud de los mensajes principales de los poemas; que necesitamos aceptar las mezclas de culturas, etnias y sexos. / The purpose of this study is to analyse the expression of the difficulties with a hybrid identity in two contemporary poems written by two authors from Latin America, Gloria Anzaldúa and Julia Alvarez. The analysis of the two poems take into account the perspective of a hybrid identity and the problems that this entails in a society filled with rules, standards and boundaries between different ethnic, cultural and sexual groups.  The analysis of the two poems is followed by a comparison of the results of the investigation and ultimately is presented the conclusions. The study shows that the poems share several respects, despite that they at first seems very different. An example is the similarities of the main messages that the poems convey, that we need to accept the mix of cultures, ethnics and sexualities.

En el mundo globalizado actual constatamos que "hibridez" es la conditio de nuestro ser, pensar y actuar que se concretiza en diversos campos del conocimiento y en diversas disciplinas con diversas aplicaciones, siendo asimismo el resultado de diversas "estrategias de hibridación" discursiva, artística, política, sociológica, filosófica, medial..., que hacen posible una negociación o el cotidiano lidiar de la diferancia y altaridad.

The writings and life of Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa (1942-2004) have had an immense impact in a variety of disciplines. Her oft-cited text Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987) is included in many university courses’ reading lists for its contributions to discourses of hybridity, linguistics, intersectionality and women of color feminism, among others. Unfortunately, most scholars content themselves with the intricacies of Borderlands to the neglect of her corpus of work, which includes essays, books, edited volumes, children’s literature and fiction/autohistorias. This analysis presented here wishes to expand our understandings of Anzaldúa’s work by engaging with her pre- and post-Borderlands writings in an attempt to highlight the unrecognized contributions Anzaldúa offers to feminist theory, spirituality, spiritual activism, queer theory, expansive ideas of queerness and an articulation of alternative, non-Western epistemology. This project offers close readings of published and archival Anzaldúan text and draws parallels between her life and her writing.

My focus for this essay is on understanding the rhetorical process that occurs when people come together despite their differences—that is what rhetoric is all about. Kenneth Burke argues that this process, for alienated people especially, happens poetically, more than semantically because there are too many differences to overcome semantically between alienated people and the dominant community. This essay is about how the rhetorical process of identification as described by Burke helps us to explain how we cross barriers that divide people who are different to create moments of mutual understanding—identification. In this essay, I look at the experience of reading Gloria Anzaldúa's work from the rhetorical perspective that Burke's theory of rhetorical identification provides. In the case of Borderlands, Anzaldúa helps us understand how an alienated person can prompt a momentary, present space of shared experience through poetic language.

Christ can be understood as a mirror, connecting humanity and God in his image into a hybrid entity, without eliminating the difference. The complex reality is mirrored through Christ transcending the border between subjectivity and objectivity, human and God, ourselves and others. This study is a form of constructive theology that aims to construct a transformative christological conceptual model, which can contribute to theology as a power critical epistemological deconstruction. It does this through the method of critical and comparative text analysis.  The study consists of two main sections, analysis and the discussion. The analysis section seeks to develop a theoretical frame, in which to generate a conversation between critical theorists Theodor Adorno and Gloria Anzaldúa on their view on epistemological oppression and liberation. The result is the development of an analytical concept called dialectics of the borders that exposes epistemological oppression as understood through the critical terms of oppression of objectivism and the suppressed gap. As an answer to the dialectics of border the analysis section develops the phrase dialectics of the gap, as an expression of epistemological liberation, which relies on such concepts as the shape of the gap, epistemological deconstruction, the hybrid entity, and transformative hybridity. The discussion section applies this theoretical frame to various christological concepts in order to create a new useful conceptual model. The constructed conceptual model is called incarnational epistemology and expresses an empowering critical epistemological reconstruction in Christ. The cross is understood as the explicit border between God and humanity, which is expressed by man's colonialization of dialectics. In Christ God transcends these epistemological borders and embodies the gap, as an expression for dialectics of the gap. For example it is demonstrated with the understanding of the body of Christ as the hybridization between subjectivity and objectivity and the sanctification as a reversed incarnation by the collective reconstruction of Christ in the border between subjectivity and objectivity. Hence, humanity as the body of Christ through sanctification can be understood as the mirrored image of Christ incarnating this epistemological reconstruction.

The Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa Papers, 1942-2004 are located in the Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin. They contain published and unpublished works along with photographs, correspondence, artwork, notes, interviews, etc. As a woman of color who is interested in issues of social justice, disrupting dominant ideological binaries, and intersections of race, class, and gender, Anzaldúa has much to offer the field of rhetoric and communication studies. The purpose of the study is to derive Anzaldúa’s theory of social change. As a woman of color, Anzaldúa simultaneously aligns and differentiates herself from the Chicano movement and the feminist movement. Citing her, and other Chicana feminists concerns, she uses a theory of the B/borderlands as a generative theory from which she theorizes using nepantla and images. Her theory of social change is implicit and available to rhetors upon an examination of the official and unofficial texts available in her archive. Diana Taylor’s concepts of the archive (official texts) and the repertoire (unofficial performances and iterations) are used to examine Anzaldúa’s archival collection. The artifacts included an examination of Anzaldúa’s birth certificate and corrections compared with a short story “Her Name Never Got Called.” In addition a documentary Altar is examined and compared with conversations that led to its creation. An analysis of Anzaldúa’s archive suggests that there is an oscillation between the official archives and the unofficial performances. These movements reveal Anzaldúa’s favor for images as instrumental in her theory-making process; they reveal her imagistic theory of social change. Applying a theory of discourse from the borderlands that emerges out of the archive of Anzaldúa will make rhetoricians better equipped to study texts that speak back to dominant discourses and refuse oppressive binaries. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 malvezzi_mjt_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1261719 bytes, checksum: 8b9caf1ce5b620163c4a8ad6d54fb4dd (MD5) / Esta tese analisa as obras The New World Border (1996), de Guillermo Gómez-Peña e Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), de Gloria Anzaldúa, com o objetivo de verificar como esses escritores abordam problemas de identidade enfrentados pelos Chicanos, cidadãos divididos entre as tradições de seus ancestrais e estilo de vida nos Estados Unidos. Para os autores, apenas atravessar a fronteira física México/EUA não significa necessariamente fazer travessia por completo, uma vez que as “fronteiras” culturais e econômicas são as verdadeiras divisoras entre, de um lado, os imigrantes e seus descendentes e, de outro, os americanos. Mesmo assim, os Chicanos lutam para ter voz. Anzaldúa e Gómez-Peña mostram o poder do hibridismo desses imigrantes, representado em suas escritas experimentais, misturando Inglês e Espanhol, prosa e poesia, enfatizando, assim, o rompimento de fronteiras, inclusive o de gêneros literários. A tese examina a importância da Literatura produzida pelos Chicanos, pois seus trabalhos revelam as contribuições culturais e econômicas dessa imigração para a sociedade americana / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze The New World Border (1996), by Guillermo Gómez-Peña, and Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), by Gloria Anzaldúa, in order to show how these writers approach identity matters faced by Chicanos in the US, since it is not easy for them to choose between keeping their traditions and living the American way of life. According to the authors, the mere act of crossing the Mexico/US border alone does not necessarily result in crossing the “frontiers” that really separate these immigrants and their offspring from Americans, that is, the cultural and economic barriers. Nevertheless, the Chicanos fight for the right to be heard. Anzaldúa and Gómez-Peña reveal the power of Chicano hybridism, represented in their experiments with language, writing in English and Spanish, prose and verse, thus emphasizing the rupture of frontiers, including that of literary genres. This dissertation addresses the importance of the literature produced by Chicanos, since their writings reveal the extent of Chicano contribution to American cultural life and society

En el mundo globalizado actual constatamos que "hibridez" es la conditio de nuestro ser, pensar y actuar que se concretiza en diversos campos del conocimiento y en diversas disciplinas con diversas aplicaciones, siendo asimismo el resultado de diversas "estrategias de hibridación" discursiva, artística, política, sociológica, filosófica, medial..., que hacen posible una negociación o el cotidiano lidiar de la diferancia y altaridad.:Pasajes heterotópicos – Transculturalidad – Figuras de la hibridez. - Resumen

Em um mundo cada vez mais transnacional e multicultural, a identidade cultural é formada por meio de um processo constante de mobilidade e deslocamentos, resultando na formação de identidades culturais diaspóricas. Tais identidades culturais híbridas e heterogêneas se caracterizam por travessias de fronteiras e limitações impostas à construção da subjetividade. O presente estudo consiste em uma análise interpretativa de representações de identidades culturais diaspóricas em dois escritos autobiográficos ficcionais: Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), de Gloria Anzaldúa e Zami A New Spelling of my Name, a biomythography (1982), de Audre Lorde. As representações de identidades culturais diaspóricas desenvolvidas em ambos os textos produzem efeitos que desestabilizam a política de representação da identidade cultural articulando identificações e desejos informados por hibridismo e diferença bem como reconstruindo a categoria da experiência e a produção do conhecimento através da ficcionalização da construção da identidade. O objetivo é investigar como as vozes narrativas projetam representações de identidades culturais diaspóricas simultaneamente resistentes e marginais em relação à cultura hegemônica. Tais representações são analisadas à luz do seguinte referencial teórico: a reconstrução da categoria da experiência de Joan Scott; a teoria dos conhecimentos situados de Donna Haraway; e uma estratégia crítica que propõe uma intersecção entre argumentos advindos do pensamento feminista e pós-moderno, que postulam a identidade como um constructo fluído, múltiplo, e instável, sustentada em The Politics of Postmodernism, de Linda Hutcheon; a coleção de ensaios editada por Linda Nicholson, Feminism/Postmodernism; e The Postmodern Condition, de Jean-François Lyotard. O referencial teórico oferece uma perspectiva privilegiada para a investigação de representações de identidades culturais que questionam a concepção de identidade como fixa autônoma e anterior ao contexto sócio-histórico no qual a identidade e sua representação são formadas. / In an increasingly transnational and multicultural world, cultural identities are shaped through a constant process of mobility and displacements, resulting in the formation of diasporic cultural identities. These hybrid heterogeneous cultural identities are characterized by multiple crossings of borders and limitations imposed on the construction of a sense of subjectivity. The present study consists of an interpretative analysis of representations of diasporic cultural identities in two fictional autobiographical writings: Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987) and Audre Lorde’s Zami A New Spelling of my Name, a biomythography (1982). The representations of diasporic cultural identities developed in both texts produce disruptive effects on the politics of representation of cultural identity by articulating identifications and desires informed by hybridity and difference as well as reconstructing the category of experience and the production of knowledge through the fictionalization of the construction of identity. The objective is to investigate how the narrative voices project representations of diasporic cultural identities simultaneously resistant and “marginal” to the hegemonic culture. These representations are analyzed under the following theoretical framework: Joan Scott’s reconceptualization of the category of experience; Donna Haraway’s theory of situated knowledges; and a critical strategy that proposes an intersection of arguments derived from feminist and postmodern thinking, which posit identity as a fluid, multiple, and unstable construct, supported on Linda Hutcheon’s The Politics of Postmodernism; the collection of essays edited by Linda Nicholson, Feminism/Postmodernism; and Jean-François Lyotard’s The Postmodern Condition. The theoretical framework provides a privileged perspective to investigate representations of cultural identity that question the conception of identity as fixed, autonomous, and prior to the social-historical context in which identity and its representation are shaped.