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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 235-255.

Cette recherche intitulée DISCOURS IDENTITAIRE ARABO AFRICAIN: AL-FAYTŪRĪ ENTRE L'ARABITÉ ET L'AFRICANITÉ est une étude de cas qui tente de comprendre la diversité culturelle dans le milieu arabe. Les œuvres complètes d'al-Faytūrī illustrent comment l'africanité est aperçue dans cet environnement. Outre ce résumé, l'introduction générale, la méthodologie, la conclusion générale et les annexes, ce travail est composé de deux parties. La première est théorique. Elle est constituée de deux chapitres: chapitre de la bibliographie et celui de la description textuelle des œuvres d'al-Faytūrī. La seconde partie est analytique. Elle est constituée également de deux chapitres: le premier porte sur les théories interculturelles qui ont servi à l'interprétation des œuvres d'al-Faytūrī, le deuxième porte sur la discussion des thèmes constituant le discours identitaire arabo-africain de cet auteur. / This research entitled ARAB-AFRICAN IDENTITY SPEECH: AL-FAYTŪRĪ BETWEEN ARABISM AND AFRICANISM is a case study that seeks to understand the cultural diversity within the Arab environment. The complete works of al-Faytūrī illustrate how Africanness is seen in this environment. In addition to this summary, the general introduction, the methodology, the overall conclusion and appendices, this work is composed of two parts. The first is theoretical. It consists of two chapters: chapter one bibliography and textual description of the works of al-Faytūrī. The second part is analytical. It also consists of two sections: the first focuses on intercultural theories that were used in the interpretation of the works of al-Faytūrī, the second focuses on the discussion of themes constituting the Arab-African identity discourse by this author.

Este trabalho é fruto de uma reflexão que busca explicações acerca tanto do apogeu quanto do declínio do nacionalismo árabe, na história, mas, sobretudo, em cinco teorias da nação e do nacionalismo, a saber, a de Ernest Gellner, a de Benedict Anderson, a de John Plamenatz, a de Elie Kedourie e, finalmente, a de Anthony Smith. Para tanto, apresentamos, em primeiro lugar, cada uma das abordagens teóricas supracitadas. Em seguida, discorremos sobre o nosso objeto, ou seja, o nacionalismo árabe, de uma perspectiva histórica (origens, auge e declínio). Por fim, procurando teorizar sobre um tema basicamente dominado por historiadores, analisamos o pan-arabismo à luz das referidas teorias e daí tiramos nossas conclusões sobre seu crescimento e sua decadência. / This research is outcome of the thinking that seeks explanations about arab nationalism\'s apogee and decline by the history, but, over all, by the Ernest Gellner\'s, Benedict Andersons, John Plamenatz\'s, Elie Kedourie\'s and, finally, Anthony Smith\'s nation and nationalism\'s theory. For that, first of all, we explain each one of the mention theoretical approach. Soon after, present the arab nationalism in the historical perspective (origins, apogee and decline). Finally, we analyze the research\'s object (pan-arabism or arab nationalism) by the five theory and get conclusions about its zenith and fall.

Este trabalho é fruto de uma reflexão que busca explicações acerca tanto do apogeu quanto do declínio do nacionalismo árabe, na história, mas, sobretudo, em cinco teorias da nação e do nacionalismo, a saber, a de Ernest Gellner, a de Benedict Anderson, a de John Plamenatz, a de Elie Kedourie e, finalmente, a de Anthony Smith. Para tanto, apresentamos, em primeiro lugar, cada uma das abordagens teóricas supracitadas. Em seguida, discorremos sobre o nosso objeto, ou seja, o nacionalismo árabe, de uma perspectiva histórica (origens, auge e declínio). Por fim, procurando teorizar sobre um tema basicamente dominado por historiadores, analisamos o pan-arabismo à luz das referidas teorias e daí tiramos nossas conclusões sobre seu crescimento e sua decadência. / This research is outcome of the thinking that seeks explanations about arab nationalism\'s apogee and decline by the history, but, over all, by the Ernest Gellner\'s, Benedict Andersons, John Plamenatz\'s, Elie Kedourie\'s and, finally, Anthony Smith\'s nation and nationalism\'s theory. For that, first of all, we explain each one of the mention theoretical approach. Soon after, present the arab nationalism in the historical perspective (origins, apogee and decline). Finally, we analyze the research\'s object (pan-arabism or arab nationalism) by the five theory and get conclusions about its zenith and fall.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris III, 1976. / Includes indexes. "Bibliographie en langues européennes": p. 537-541. "Bibliographie en langue arabe": p. 542-550.

The Arab Middle East began indigenous nation building relatively late in the twentieth century. Issues of legitimacy, identity, and conflicts with the West have plagued Arab nations. Arab states have espoused universal ideologies as solutions to the problems of Arab nation building. The two ideologies of Pan-Arabism and Islamic modernism provided universal solutions to the Arab states. Both Pan-Arabism and Islamic modernism gained validity in political polemics aimed against colonialism, imperialism, Zionism, and the West. Both ideologies promised simple solutions to complex questions of building modern Arab society. Irrespective of ideology, Arab states have always acted in self-interest to perceived external threats. The West has perpetuated universal solutions to Arab nation building through continued intervention in the Middle East. The Arabs perpetuated universal solutions to Arab- nation building as panacea to the problems of becoming modern nations.

This study is a critical analysis of translation-mediated Arabic news items on the “Arab Spring”. It explores the influence of social, historical, political, localic, and socio-ideological aspects of news translation via certain media agendas, by applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and qualitative descriptive methods in the analysis of the localised news items, interviews with translators, and a corpus of comments by the Arabic-speaking readership. The data analysed in this case study comprise a four-year (2010-2014) collection of news items that were localised by Al Jazeera and published on its website, as well as readers’ commentaries on said localisations, and interviews with two of Al Jazeera’s translators. Making use of this rich source of data, this study aims at finding answers for the questions: Are there discernible patterns in the translated texts? If so, how and for what purpose are they produced and re-produced through localisation in Al Jazeera’s translation-mediated Arabic news articles? Whose interests are served and whose interests are annulled by the reproduction and localisation processes? The three sets of data were thematically coded; then their most salient points and arguments were analysed. The localised news items were examined for clues to the localisation techniques, ideologies, and the agenda(s) of Al Jazeera. The readers’ comments were probed for the influence that the localised news items had on Al Jazeera’s target readership, and were examined to find out which of Al Jazeera’s ideologies resonate with which readers to form Al Jazeera’s target locale(s). The analysis of the interviews with Al Jazeera’s translators was undertaken with the aim of delineating the tasks of these translators, specifically to see to what extent journalism and translation meld, as suggested in much of the research done so far on translating news items. The tripartite analysis has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the production of translation-mediated news items as well as their effect on the readership. It also suggests relatively new insights into viewing the term localisation as a good alternative to acculturation in accounting for news translation. Within the umbrella of the social turn in translation studies (TS), this study suggests that current approaches to studying news translation question large-scale concepts such as culture and acculturation, and proposes they be replaced with the small-scale concepts of locale and localisation. Hence, this study suggests using localisation to extract and understand the underlying particulars of the processes involved in producing translation-mediated news items. The results of the analysis show that Al Jazeera ostensibly promulgates three major ideologies: anti-regimism, Islamistism, and pan-Arabism and embeds these ideologies in the messages it delivers to its target locales through the localised news items. The study concludes that Al Jazeera’s localisation techniques reflect the viewpoints of its benefactor the State of Qatar whose goal is to create a solipsistic identity that distinguishes it from its immediate rivalling neighbours within a dichotomy of the Same and the Other. These localisation techniques are driven by motives associated with the sociopolitical and sociohistorical circumstances of the founding of the State of Qatar and Al Jazeera.

La larga presencia histórica de arabehablantes en la península ibérica tuvo como resultado la inclusión de préstamos léxicos, a menudo llamados arabismos, en el español. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido comparar el uso de estos arabismos en el español cotidiano moderno con el del siglo XVI. Con este fin, se presenta una enumeración ordenada de los arabismos más frecuentes en el español moderno y se la compara con una lista correspondiente del español del siglo XVI. Las listas están basadas en dos corpus que maneja la Real Academia Española. Se realzan las semejanzas y diferencias entre las  dos listas y se discuten las posibles explicaciones de cambios en popularidad para los arabismos respectivos. Además, se presentan cálculos del porcentaje total de arabismos en el español de hoy y el del siglo XVI. Para este cálculo han sido usadas novelas de las dos épocas. Las novelas escogidas están todas arraigadas el las dos Castillas; por consiguiente, la comparación del porcentaje se limitará al español castellano. El estudio añade información cuantitativa que hasta ahora parece faltar respecto al conocimiento existente de arabismos en el español. El resultado de la investigación indica que la frecuencia de arabismos en la lengua cotidiana ha disminuido solo marginalmente desde el siglo XVI, mientras que el número de arabismos distintos en el uso corriente del español ha sufrido una reducción más pronunciada y el número de raíces hispanoárabes utilizadas ha decrecido aún más. Aproximadamente la mitad de los arabismos más frecuentes en el siglo XVI todavía mantienen esta posición; para la mayoría de los arabismos que han experimentado un aumento o reducción evidente en popularidad de uso existen explicaciones plausibles en forma de cambios en la sociedad. / The long-lasting historical presence of Arabic-speaking groups on the Iberian Peninsula resulted in various lexical loans, often referred to as arabisms, in Spanish. The objective of this investigation has been to compare the use of these arabisms in modern colloquial Spanish with that of the 16th century. For this purpose an ordered list of the most frequent arabisms found in modern Spanish is presented and compared with a similar list of arabisms found in texts from the 16th century. The lists are based on two corpus managed by the Royal Spanish Academy. Similarities and differences between the two lists are highlighted and possible explanations for the change in popularity of the respective arabisms are discussed. In addition, calculations of the total percentage of arabisms in current and 16th century Spanish are presented. Novels from the respective periods are used as a basis for these calculations. All the chosen novels are rooted in Castile; consequently, the percentage comparison is limited to Castilian Spanish. The study adds quantitative information that currently seems to be lacking to the existing knowledge of arabisms in Spanish. The result of the investigation indicates that the frequency of arabisms in colloquial language has diminished marginally since the 16th century, whereas the number of distinct arabisms in everyday usage of Spanish has suffered a more pronounced reduction and the number of hispanoarabic roots used has decreased even more. Approximately half of the most frequent arabisms in the 16th century still maintain this position; for a majority of the arabisms that have experienced an evident increase or decrease in popularity there exist plausible explanations in the form of changes in society.