1 Summary The medieval period characterized by tough struggle between the secular and ecclesiastical powers. Both may be trying to get as many resources to control the medieval community. Although they were constantly in dispute, they also collaborate together. We see that, for example, in connection with the Inquisition. In order to be executed ecclesiastical judgment must be convicted passed secular power. Only that could have done the maximum penalty, execution. In the High Middle Ages, there was a decline of the Church. That's why there was a new wave of heresy. It was more organized than in the past. The new movement, especially the Cathars, got the high-quality background facilities in the south of France, Languedoc. Here they had the support of the local nobility and burgess. It was a beneficial cooperation on both sides. Church did not like this cooperation. And soon this place of resistance was attacked the Church and the government of the country. The rebellion was suppressed. The Inquisition worked in this area after that. Must add that was very successful work. Soon Inquisition completely wiped out local heretic. Single human had in the Middle Ages difficult position. He had unconditionally belong to the Church and had to live according to its dogma. This meant that he had to renounce pleasures...

Se peut-il que l'auteur s'efface en partie de son texte ? Se peut-il que sa discrétion soit délibérée, et au point de déléguer des pouvoirs auctoriaux à son destinataire ? Peut-il prendre les devants sur l'opération critique qui voudrait le "tuer" ? Et comment réagir face à une telle production ? Le lecteur n'en deviendrait-il pas autre ? L'objet de cette thèse sera de montrer qu'une littérature "moindre-auctoriale" est possible. Mieux ; qu'elle existe. / Is it possible that the author clears himself from his text ? is it possible that his discretion is delibarate, and to the point of delegating auctorial powers to his recipient ? Can he take the lead on the critical operation that would "kill" him ? And how to respond to such production ? Wouldn't the reader become another one ? The goal of this thesis will be show that a "lesser-auctorial" litterature is possible. Better ; that it exists.

The thesis deals with the education in austrian aristocratic families in the 19th century and in the 1st half of 20th century. The education and upbringing of children had been influented by plenty of factors. The most important factors, which influenced education, were the environment (home or boarding school), specialization of education, the selection of schools and universities and the language of education, too. Parents, nannys and private teachers also had some influence on the upbringing of the children. In the 19th century we can find some common characteristic in some of the noble families (The Schwarzenbergs, the Sternbergs, the Mensdorffs and some others). The 1st half of the 20th century is an essential period for the history of aristocracy. Political changes reflected in its lifestyle and partially in the upbringing and education of the children of the aristocrats. These changes are illustrated on the education of children in the family of prince Johann Schönburg-Hartenstein. Keywords: aristocracy, childhood, education, languages, parents, nannys, teachers, schools, the Schwarzenbergs, the Schönburgs, the Mensdorffs.

The Master's thesis aims to describe the time during the period of the first republic in the area of Křivoklátsko, concerning the land reform from the historiographic point of view, the mechanism of land reform, and its institutional and legal specification. The thesis outlines the atmosphere in the newly established Czechoslovak Republic and its relations to the former aristocracy. Moreover, it focuses on defending mechanisms of the aristocrats at that time, and it analyses the function of the Federation of the Czechoslovak landowners together with the Federation of the German landowners with help of the specific example of the aristocratic family of the Fürstenbergs, who were the last private owners of the Křivoklát castle. The paper deals with the land reform in relation to the land fond, mine properties, shareholding within the Buštěhrad railway, and real estates. It endeavours to map emerging remaining small estates in the Křivoklát estate, and determine the social status of the new owners. The land reform in Křivoklátsko raised suspicion of corruption among the Communist politicians, the evidence of which is given in the thesis through the articles from The Red Right newspapers, interpellation to the government, and the booklet called 'Hidden Křivoklátsko'. In connection to this, highly...

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le débat à propos d’une éventuelle « mutation féodale » autour de l’an mil. Il s’agit d’étudier l’aristocratie laïque durant les Xe et XIe siècles, en prêtant une égale attention aux ressorts matériels et idéologiques de sa domination sociale. La signification des transformations que connaît alors l’écriture diplomatique étant au cœur de la controverse, le choix a été fait de partir des sources hagiographiques originaires des abbayes d’Aurillac, Conques et Figeac. Mais le discours hagiographique présente ses propres biais. Afin de s’en prémunir au mieux, on a confronté autant que possible les affirmations des sources hagiographiques aux informations disponibles grâce à d’autres types de documents. La démonstration procède en deux étapes. En recourant aux méthodes de l’hagiologie, la première partie permet de contextualiser la production hagiographique et de s’interroger sur les conditions de sa réception : on s’aperçoit que si les textes latins sont d’abord destinés à être lus par des clercs, de multiples canaux de diffusion orale permettaient aux hagiographes de s’adresser également aux laïcs, en particulier à l’aristocratie. La seconde partie étudie l’évolution de la domination aristocratique à travers ce que permet d’en percevoir l’hagiographie. Elle montre qu’un certain nombre de transformations ont eu lieu dès le début du Xe siècle et permettent de parler d’une « mutation de l’an 900 » : l’émergence de la chevalerie, la mise en place de la féodalité, la montée en puissance des sires, l’importance des châteaux et des milites sont autant de phénomènes qui datent de cette époque. Toutefois, l’an mil connaît deux ajustements non négligeables : le redéploiement de l’identité aristocratique autour des châteaux et le passage d’une conception cognatique de la parenté noble à une autre d’avantage agnatique. / The present study falls within the scope of the debate about a possible “feudal mutation” around the year 1000. It is concerned with the study of lay aristocracy during the 10th and 11th centuries, by giving equal attention to ideological and material aspects of its social domination. Because the meaning of the transformations that affect diplomatic writing then is in the heart of the matter, we make the choice to work from the hagiographic narratives from the abbeys of Aurillac, Conques and Figeac. But there are also biases in the hagiographic discourse. In order to counterbalance their influence, we have compared as much as possible the data from hagiographic texts with the information available thanks to other types of documents. The demonstration is organized in two steps. Using the methods of hagiology, the first part contextualizes hagiographic production and questions the conditions of its reception: we are led to realize that, if the Latin texts are primaraly intented to be read by clerics, multiple oral channels allowed hagiographers to address also the laity, especially the aristocracy. The second part examines the evolution of aristocratic domination through what can be perceived in the hagiography. It shows that some transformations took place as early as the beginning of the 10th century and that we can therefore speak of “a mutation of the year 900”: the ermergence of chivalry, the establishment of feudalism, the rise of the lords, the importance of castles and milites are phenomena which date from this time. Howewer, there are two significant adjustments around the year 1000: aristocratic identity refocuses on castles and the the noble kinship moves from a cognatic conception to another more agnatic.

No description available.

Digne héritier de l’Empire romain d’Occident, l’Empire romain d’Orient plus communément appelé Empire byzantin est la scène de nombreux changements politiques et socio-économiques depuis sa création au IVème siècle. Parmi les acteurs de ces évolutions se trouvent les Comnènes, une famille issue de l’aristocratie dite militaire que rien ne prédestinait à occuper les hautes sphères de l’administration impériale de 1057 à 1204. En se basant prioritairement sur les sceaux regroupés sous la forme d’un catalogue, il s’agira de mettre en lumière l’histoire de la famille qui prend petit à petit la dimension d’un réseau basé sur une forte politique matrimoniale modifiée par les empereurs Comnènes jusqu’à atteindre son apogée au XIIe siècle. Organisé en trois partie le premier tome de cette étude peint un tableau exhaustif de la famille en extrayant des sources l’ensemble des informations se rapportant aux Comnènes et à leurs parents afin, dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre comment le mariage est utilisé pour étendre son attraction et son pouvoir sur le reste de la population byzantine et sur le reste du monde médiéval du XIIe siècle, enfin une étude du corpus iconographique propre au réseau des Comnènes sera étudié afin de montrer l’existence ou non d’une évolution des cultes sous l’action de cette famille. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de sceaux dédié aux Comnène qui compose le second tome. / Worthy heir to the Roman Empire of Occident, the Roman Empire of the East more commonly called Byzantine Empire is the scene many political changes and socio-economic since his creation at the 4th century. Among the actors of these evolutions are Komnenian, a family resulting from the aristocracy known as military that nothing predestined to occupy the higher realms of the imperial administration of 1057 to 1204. By firstly basing on the seals gathered in form the shape of a catalogue, it will be a question of clarifying the history of the family which gradually size up a network thanks to a strong matrimonial policy which is modified by the Komnenian emperors until reaching her apogee at the 12th century. Organized into three part the first volume of this study paints an exhaustive painting of the family by extracting from the sources the whole of information referring to Komnenian and with their parents so, in the second time to better understand how the family uses the marriage to extend her attraction and her power on the rest of the Byzantine population and on the rest of the world medieval of the 12th century, finally a study of the iconographic corpus suitable for the network of Komnenian will be studied in order to show the existence or not evolution of the worships under the action of this family. This work is based on a corpus of seals dedicated to Komnenian who composed the second volume.

Throughout Victoria's reign, Lord Lindsay and his son Ludovic, respectively twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth earls of Crawford, created one of the largest private libraries ever assembled in Britain. The Bibliotheca Lindesiana included some six thousand manuscripts, which Ludovic sold to Enriqueta Rylands in 1901 for £155,000. The principal problematic that I address in this thesis is: Why did the earls of Crawford invest vast amounts of financial and cultural capital in this endeavour? In other words, what factors - both structural and specific - led to the formation of the library, what purposes did it serve, and what roles did its manuscript components in particular perform? Other questions include: How - and how successfully - did Lindsay and Ludovic maintain physical and intellectual control over the rapidly growing library? How did they position themselves within networks of connoisseurship and collecting in Victorian Britain? How was the formation of the Oriental manuscript collections connected with Lindsay's interest in racial classification and with wider racial discourses? And how did the library reflect and reinforce Lindsay's identity as a gentleman-scholar? Previous studies of this and other manuscript collections have adhered to an antiquarian, bio-bibliographical model, focusing on the detailed matter and mechanisms of collecting, rather than exploring the socio-cultural and epistemological contexts of their development. This thesis, by contrast, constitutes the first extended application of cultural theory to a manuscript collection, or indeed to any private library, in the nineteenth century. I combine close archival work with Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and habitus to reveal the complex structuration and signification of the library, and to investigate the imbrication between the earls' personal agency and wider forces operating upon the library. My examination of the Bibliotheca Lindesiana has uncovered several key issues and themes hitherto unexplored in this or any other major private library of the nineteenth century. First, I argue that the reasons for the library's development reside principally in various forms of classification, which preoccupied Lindsay and reflected wider societal trends and taxonomies: the classification of libraries and the ramification of knowledge; Lindsay's deployment of the library to corroborate his and his family's social and cultural distinction (i.e. social classification); and an interest in racial classification, which reflected Orientalist discourses associated with imperialism. Secondly, while the dispersal of aristocratic collections in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is a familiar trope, this study is the first to contextualize the decline of a private library within the struggle between the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie. Finally, this is the first examination of the impact of professionalization upon private as opposed to public libraries, revealing the tensions between amateur traditions and growing professionalism and specialization in the nineteenth century. I thus 'read' through the library some of the wider socio-economic and cultural issues operating in Victorian Britain and its empire.

Based on the author's Ph. D thesis. / Published by York Medieval Press in association with Boydell & Brewer and the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Les prétentions généalogiques sont un phénomène vieux comme le monde, et l'historien actuel a souvent le réflexe de les écarter comme une simple expression de vanité sans fondement. La tentation est d'autant plus forte dans certains cas où l'hiatus social, culturel ou chronologique est particulièrement marqué. Or, on constate que le nombre de ces prétentions augmente considérablement à certaines époques charnières, ce qui est souvent interprété a contrario comme l'illustration de la vanité d'homines noui sans ancêtres. Je me propose ici de nuancer cet a priori en examinant le cas de prétentions formulées par des notables athéniens à l'époque impériale romaine. L'étude prosopographique détaillée des réseaux familiaux auxquels appartenaient ces notables montre que ce qui pourrait sembler au départ n'être qu'une invention triviale est susceptible de recouvrir une réalité soigneusement conservée. Plus généralement, cette étude amène à repenser le phénomène des prétentions généalogiques dans sa totalité. L'expression englobe des réalités multiples et fort diverses qu'on ne peut traiter de la même façon. Par exemple pour les parvenus notoires ou les très anciennes familles aristocratiques. Il faut également distinguer les prétentions qui renvoient à des ancêtres mythologiques et celles qui renvoient à des personnages historiques, sans pour autant les opposer. L'influence des Romains sur les prétentions formulées à Athènes au temps de leur domination apparaît clairement mais il convient d'examiner son poids réel sur une société au passé aristocratique fort ancien. L'étude généalogique sera menée à partir des recueils prosopographiques récents (Persons of Ancient Athens, Lexicon of Greek Personal Names) mais en reprenant l'ensemble du corpus de textes et d'inscriptions dont certaines récemment exhumées. Cette étude mettra en lumière que les Athéniens disposaient de supports suffisants pour véhiculer une mémoire généalogique lointaine. Dans un certain nombre de cas, la reconstruction de filiations détaillées permet même de reconstituer un cheminement précis de la prétention. / Genealogical claims are a phenomenon as old as the hills, but modern historians very often tend to exclude them as a simple expression of pride without any grounds. Temptation is stronger under certain circumstances where the social, cultural or chronological hiatus is very important. We notice that the number of these claims increase considerably during certain transition periods, which is often seen a contrario like the illustration of the pride of homines noui without ancestors. I am proposing here to moderate this a priori by studying claims made by notable Athenians under the Roman Empire. The detailed prosopographic study of the family networks, to which these notables belonged, shows that what seems to be at first stance a trivial invention, is likely to uncover a long hidden reality. Generally speaking, this study intends to fully reconsider the phenomenon of the genealogical claims. The term includes multiple and extremely various findings which cannot be investigated in the same way, for example, the famous parvenus or the very old aristocratic families. It is also necessary to separate the claims from mythological ancestors and those from historical individuals, without contracting them. The influence of the Romans on the claims made in Athens at the time of their domination on the city appears clearly but it is advisable to check its real weight on a society with extremely old aristocratic history. The genealogical study will be conducted based on late prosopographical writings (Persons of Ancient Athens, Lexicon of Greek Personal Names) but will also include the full text corpus and inscriptions, some of witch only recently exavated.This study will highlight the fact that the Athenians had enough support to maintain a genealogical memory going a long way. In a certain number of cases, the reconstruction of detailed filiations even makes it possible to retrace precisely one path of the claim.