Bakgrund: Ökad medellivslängd och förbättrad tandhälsa har medfört att allt fler tänder behålls upp i hög ålder, ofta med avancerade protetiska konstruktioner, vilket medför högre krav och större behov av munvård. Trots detta finns en begränsad kunskap om omsorgsberoendes munhälsa och det finns ett stort behov av att kunna ge denna grupp rätt insatser och åtgärder när det gäller mun- och tandvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att med användning av munbedömningsinstrumentet ROAG-J, kartlägga förekomst av munproblem och planerade åtgärder mot dessa hos omsorgsberoende äldre i Skåne län.   Metod: Studien utfördes med en kvantitativ ansats, designen var icke-experimentell och data kring identifierade munproblem och planerade åtgärder samlades in retrospektivt från det nationella kvalitetsregistret Senior alert mellan perioden 2014-07-01- 2015-06-30. Resultat: Riskbedömning med användning av munbedömningsinstrumentet ROAG-J från Senior alert gjordes på 2567 individer, 65 år och äldre i Skåne under studieperioden. De identifierade munproblemen varierande i omfattning mellan 12,0% till 43,2%. De vanligaste problemen fanns i kategorin ”Tänder”, vilket indikerar en bristande munhygien och trasiga tänder. På samtliga individer i studien planerades minst en åtgärd utföras.   Slutsats: Resultatet indikerar att munvård behöver bli en högre prioriterad uppgift vid omvårdnad av omsorgsberoende äldre. Munproblem var vanligt förekommande i gruppen och de planerade åtgärderna tycktes inte vara tillräckliga i omfattning utifrån de munproblem som identifierades. / Background: Increased life expectancy and improved dental health means that more teeth are retained into old age, often with advanced prosthetic constructions, which entails greater demands and need for oral care. Despite this, there is a limited knowledge of oral health care among elderly in need of care and there is a great need to be able to give this group the right actions and measures when it comes to oral health care. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of and planned actions against oral problems among elderly in need of care in the Swedish region of Skåne, using the mouth assessment instrument ROAG-J. Method: The study was conducted with a quantitative approach, the design was non-experimental and data about identified oral problems and planned measures were collected retrospectively from the national registry Senior alert between 2014-07-01- 2015-06-30. Results: In total 2567 individuals aged 65 or older were assessed during the study period, using the ROAG-J assessment tool from Senior alert. The variation in identified oral health problems was between 12,0 % to 43.2 %. The most frequent category was that of "Teeth", indicating a lack of oral hygiene and broken teeth. At least one action was planned to be performed on all of the individuals in the study. Conclusion: The result indicate that oral care needs to be a higher priority among elderly in need of care. Oral problems were common within the group and the planned measures did not seem to be sufficient enough.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de dois equipamentos orientados a microprocessador para aquisição e armazenamento automatizado de variáveis físico-químicas da água. Os equipamentos desenvolvidos operam conjuntamente com uma sonda de medidas que fornece dados relativos as variáveis medidas de temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, turbidez e profundidade. Outro estudante de mestrado Ronaldo Bruno desenvolveu a sonda de medidas em trabalho anterior. O primeiro equipamento desenvolvido neste trabalho, denominado UMAM, é uma unidade de visualização; este coleta dados da sonda e realiza o processamento destes para mostrar as medidas de uma maneira apropriada. Este equipamento também permite a realização de algumas calibrações de suas leituras. O segundo equipamento, denominado UA, opera conectado a UMAM, armazenando as variáveis medidas em um dispositivo de memória de cartão removível (PC CARD). A UA, também permite transferir os valores armazenados a um computador pessoal para manipulação destes dados e a produção de relatórios. Ambos os equipamentos desenvolvidos utilizam microcontroladores da família MCS-51. Estes microcontroladores são responsáveis pelas tarefas de processamento dos dados e controle dos processos. Os equipamentos foram avaliados qualitativamente e quantitativamente em laboratório, utilizando-se de amostras de água com características físico e químicas bem conhecidas, demonstrando um bom desempenho e adequação para utilização em campo. / This work presents the development of two microprocessor-based equipment for automatic data acquisition and storage of water physical and chemical variables. The developed equipment works together with a measuring probe which supplies data related to the measured variables, namely temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and depth. Another MSc student Ronald Bruno in his mastering work previously developed the measuring probe. The first equipment developed, called UMAM, is a visualization unit; it collects the data from the probe and performs the processing to show the data in an appropriate manner, it allows also performing some calibrations. The second equipment, called UA, operated connected to the UMAM, storing the measured variables in to a removable card memory device (PC CARD). The UA, allows also to transfer the stored values to a personal computer for data manipulation and to produce reports. Both developed equipment used microcontrollers of the MCS-51 family. The microcontrollers are responsible for data processing and process control tasks. The equipments have been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in the lab using water samples of well-known physical and chemical characteristics, demonstrating to have good performance and to be adequate for use in the field.

<p>Under 2008 beslutade regeringen att lärare i grundskolan skall avge skriftliga omdömen i alla ämnen eleven undervisats i, från årskurs ett. Processen med att skriva omdömen skall leda fram till en mer gemensam syn på lärande och bedömning ute på skolorna. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva relationen mellan bedömning och lärande ur ett lärarperspektiv. Studien genomfördes med en deskriptiv design och fenomenografisk ansats. Data samlades in genom intervju med sex strategiskt valda grundskollärare. Det strategiska urvalet bestod av en spridning avseende kön, ålder, antal år som lärare och utbildning utöver lärarutbildning samt att de arbetade inom geografiskt spridda områden inom Halmstad kommun. I resultatet framkom fyra varierande beskrivningskategorier. <em>Bedömning ledde till medvetenhet om elevers kunskapsnivå</em><em>. </em>Lärarna erfor att målrelaterade bedömningar användes till att göra eleverna medvetna om att det fanns mål att nå och visade på olika sätt och vägar att nå dit. Men det framkom även att<em> den målrelaterade bedömningen styrde undervisningen inne</em><em>håll.</em> Lärarna menade att arbetet med kriterier till bedömningsmatriser, tog mycket tid och var ett arbete som ibland gick ut över lektionsplanering. <em>Elevers delaktighet i bedömning påverkade deras lärande</em>. Lärarna uttryckte att om eleven själv var involverad i sin egen bedömning uppstod en känsla av delaktighet, som ledde till att hon/han tog större ansvar för sin egen utveckling. I resultatet framkom att<em> bedömning skapade motivation som främjade elevers lärandeprocess</em><strong>.</strong> Lärarna blev motiverade av att bedömningarna gjordes mer formativa och framåtsyftande.</p><p>Studiens resultat visar betydelsen av att variera såväl undervisning och bedömningsform för att höja kvaliteten på lärandet och att lärarna är insatta i möjligheter och svårigheter som hänger ihop med respektive bedömningsform.</p> / <p>In 2008 the government decided that teachers in primary schools must submit written opinions on all subjects taught to the student from grade one. The process of writing reviews should lead to a more common approach to learning and assessment at schools. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between assessment and learning, from a teacher's perspective. The study was conducted with a descriptive design and phenomenographical approach. Data was collected through interviews with six strategically selected primary school teachers. The strategic sample consisted of a spread regarding sex, age, number of years as a teacher, education beyond teacher training and that they were operating in geographically dispersed areas in the Halmstad Municipality. The results revealed four different categories of description. <em>Assessment led to the awareness of students  knowledge. </em>The teachers’ experience was that target-based assessments made students aware that there were goals to achieve and showed various ways to get there. But it was also found that <em>the target-based assessments ruled the teaching content.</em> Teachers felt that the work taken in determining the criteria for the assessment matrices took a large amount of time and was a job that sometimes took place instead of lesson planning. <em>Students  participation in the assessment affected their learning. </em>Teachers expressed the opinion that if the pupil was involved in their own assessment there was a sense of ownership, which led to them taking more responsibility for their own development. The results showed that <em>the assessments created motivation that promoted a student’s learning process.</em> The teachers were motivated by the fact that assessments were more formative and proactive. Study findings show the importance of varying both the teaching and assessment form to improve the quality of learning and that teachers must be familiar with the opportunities and difficulties associated with each assessment form.</p>

This thesis deals with the heat evolution duringsolidification and its relation to the formation of porosity.It intends to improve the current understanding of theformation of porosity in cast materials with special interestin nodular cast iron and the spray forming process. Twodifferent systems, a Fe-based alloy, Cast iron, and a Ni-basedalloy, Inconel 625, are examined. The effect on the heatevolution of the morphology and the processing parameters inspray forming are treated. An evaluation of the microstructural features, segregationbehavior and physical properties such as latent heat of fusionis performed byusing thermal analysis under cooling ratesranging from 0.1 to 104 K/s. In order to achieve this amodified differential thermal analysis (DTA) equipment, amirror furnace and levitation casting are used. Results arepresented in terms of the fraction of solidified, the coolingrate and the microstructure observed. The measured latent heatof fusion is not constant throughout the solidificationprocess. Variations in morphology and cooling rate affect therelease of the latent heat. A thermodynamic model is used to describe the experimentalobservations and to explain the formation of pores in nodularcast iron by taking into consideration the formation of latticedefects during the liquid/solid transformation. In this casethe formation of porosity is regarded as a consequence ofchanges in the volume fraction ratio graphite/ during thesolidification process. A numerical model of the spray forming process is developedby means of CFD modelling and compared with experimentalmeasurements performed in an industrial facility. Stagnationpressure measurements provided information about the gas flowvelocity and an analysis of the overspray powder providedinformation about the particle thermal history. Evaluation ofthe deposit was also performed. It is observed that the processconditions in spray forming promote non-equilibriumsolidification even though solidification at the deposit occursat a lower rate. In this case the porosity formed near theinterface substrate/deposit depends largely on the substratetemperature. The presence of certain reactive elements, such astitanium, affects the porosity levels in the rest of thedeposit. <b>Keywords:</b>Thermal Analysis, Nodular Cast Iron, Inconel625, CFD, Flow Assesment, Multiphase Flow, Spray Deposition,Microporosity, Superalloys

Anderberg, Mats &amp; Dahlberg, Mikael (2009). Strukturerade intervjuer inom missbruksvården – som en grund för kunskapsutveckling (Structured interviews in substance abuse treatment - as a foundation for the development of knowledge).   In the discussion on knowledge development in social work, structured interviews have attracted an increasing amount of attention. The aim of this thesis is to examine and analyze how structured interviews can serve as a basis in the compilation and development of knowledge for practice and research in addiction treatment. More precisely, it means a problematization of the methodological issues that are of central importance in studying treatment outcomes, in which structured interviews form the basis. The methodological aspects in focus here are scientific concepts such as reliability, validity and specific factors in the evaluation of treatment interventions. A further objective is to outline a model for analysis when compiling and evaluating treatment outcome. The five empirical studies have been conducted in their natural context, in organisations in which structured interviews with clients are carried out as an everyday routine and used for e.g. treatment planning. The structured interview DOK (a Swedish abbreviation for Documentation of clients) is used as a basis and an example for the empirical studies in this thesis. The validation studies show that the DOK interview generally attains a good level of reliability and validity, but also contains a small number of variables that do not live up to the requirements which may be imposed. Deficiencies in operationalization and question construction seem to have a large impact. Another conclusion is that it is possible to carry out validation studies, where each variable is examined separately and evaluated with the aid of both sound methodological starting points and relevant statistical theory. Another of the central questions, the thesis addresses, is how structured interviews can be used as a basis for evaluation of treatment. The two studies which highlight this issue show that it is obvious that structured interviews are suitable for such a purpose, through its standardized form and multi-dimensional nature. Validation of structured interviews or evaluation of social interventions should not be reduced to single numbers or values. The multidimensional nature of the structured interview shall also be reflected in the results and analysis. The thesis presents an analysis model for evaluating treatment outcome in relation to two empirical examples and foregoing theoretical starting points. Our view is that structured interviews can provide a link between practice and research and thus contribute to the development of knowledge in social work and substance abuse treatment.

Under 2008 beslutade regeringen att lärare i grundskolan skall avge skriftliga omdömen i alla ämnen eleven undervisats i, från årskurs ett. Processen med att skriva omdömen skall leda fram till en mer gemensam syn på lärande och bedömning ute på skolorna. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva relationen mellan bedömning och lärande ur ett lärarperspektiv. Studien genomfördes med en deskriptiv design och fenomenografisk ansats. Data samlades in genom intervju med sex strategiskt valda grundskollärare. Det strategiska urvalet bestod av en spridning avseende kön, ålder, antal år som lärare och utbildning utöver lärarutbildning samt att de arbetade inom geografiskt spridda områden inom Halmstad kommun. I resultatet framkom fyra varierande beskrivningskategorier. Bedömning ledde till medvetenhet om elevers kunskapsnivå. Lärarna erfor att målrelaterade bedömningar användes till att göra eleverna medvetna om att det fanns mål att nå och visade på olika sätt och vägar att nå dit. Men det framkom även att den målrelaterade bedömningen styrde undervisningen innehåll. Lärarna menade att arbetet med kriterier till bedömningsmatriser, tog mycket tid och var ett arbete som ibland gick ut över lektionsplanering. Elevers delaktighet i bedömning påverkade deras lärande. Lärarna uttryckte att om eleven själv var involverad i sin egen bedömning uppstod en känsla av delaktighet, som ledde till att hon/han tog större ansvar för sin egen utveckling. I resultatet framkom att bedömning skapade motivation som främjade elevers lärandeprocess. Lärarna blev motiverade av att bedömningarna gjordes mer formativa och framåtsyftande. Studiens resultat visar betydelsen av att variera såväl undervisning och bedömningsform för att höja kvaliteten på lärandet och att lärarna är insatta i möjligheter och svårigheter som hänger ihop med respektive bedömningsform. / In 2008 the government decided that teachers in primary schools must submit written opinions on all subjects taught to the student from grade one. The process of writing reviews should lead to a more common approach to learning and assessment at schools. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between assessment and learning, from a teacher's perspective. The study was conducted with a descriptive design and phenomenographical approach. Data was collected through interviews with six strategically selected primary school teachers. The strategic sample consisted of a spread regarding sex, age, number of years as a teacher, education beyond teacher training and that they were operating in geographically dispersed areas in the Halmstad Municipality. The results revealed four different categories of description. Assessment led to the awareness of students  knowledge. The teachers’ experience was that target-based assessments made students aware that there were goals to achieve and showed various ways to get there. But it was also found that the target-based assessments ruled the teaching content. Teachers felt that the work taken in determining the criteria for the assessment matrices took a large amount of time and was a job that sometimes took place instead of lesson planning. Students  participation in the assessment affected their learning. Teachers expressed the opinion that if the pupil was involved in their own assessment there was a sense of ownership, which led to them taking more responsibility for their own development. The results showed that the assessments created motivation that promoted a student’s learning process. The teachers were motivated by the fact that assessments were more formative and proactive. Study findings show the importance of varying both the teaching and assessment form to improve the quality of learning and that teachers must be familiar with the opportunities and difficulties associated with each assessment form.

L'assessorament psicopedagògic a la universitat: estudi interpretatiu sobre les possibilitats que obre aquest context a l'assessoramet psicopedagògic i sobre la construcció del rol d'assessor.La investigació parteix i es basa en una experiència d'assessorament psicopedagògic portada a terme a l'Escola Politècnica Superior de la Universitat de Girona durant tres cursos acadèmics en la qual la investigadora va participar com a assessora.Amb l'anàlisi reflexiu d'aquesta l'experiència pràctica es pretén identificar la contribució que els professionals de l'assessorament psicopedagògic poden tenir en optimització dels processos d'ensenyament i aprenentatge a la universitat així com començar a construir un marc de referència per a l'assessorament psicopedagògic en aquest context.La metodologia emprada es basa en l'anàlisis del cas d'assessorament portat a terme, la reflexió sobre la pràctica y la consulta a persones expertes en aquest àmbit.

<p>This thesis deals with the heat evolution duringsolidification and its relation to the formation of porosity.It intends to improve the current understanding of theformation of porosity in cast materials with special interestin nodular cast iron and the spray forming process. Twodifferent systems, a Fe-based alloy, Cast iron, and a Ni-basedalloy, Inconel 625, are examined. The effect on the heatevolution of the morphology and the processing parameters inspray forming are treated.</p><p>An evaluation of the microstructural features, segregationbehavior and physical properties such as latent heat of fusionis performed byusing thermal analysis under cooling ratesranging from 0.1 to 104 K/s. In order to achieve this amodified differential thermal analysis (DTA) equipment, amirror furnace and levitation casting are used. Results arepresented in terms of the fraction of solidified, the coolingrate and the microstructure observed. The measured latent heatof fusion is not constant throughout the solidificationprocess. Variations in morphology and cooling rate affect therelease of the latent heat.</p><p>A thermodynamic model is used to describe the experimentalobservations and to explain the formation of pores in nodularcast iron by taking into consideration the formation of latticedefects during the liquid/solid transformation. In this casethe formation of porosity is regarded as a consequence ofchanges in the volume fraction ratio graphite/ during thesolidification process.</p><p>A numerical model of the spray forming process is developedby means of CFD modelling and compared with experimentalmeasurements performed in an industrial facility. Stagnationpressure measurements provided information about the gas flowvelocity and an analysis of the overspray powder providedinformation about the particle thermal history. Evaluation ofthe deposit was also performed. It is observed that the processconditions in spray forming promote non-equilibriumsolidification even though solidification at the deposit occursat a lower rate. In this case the porosity formed near theinterface substrate/deposit depends largely on the substratetemperature. The presence of certain reactive elements, such astitanium, affects the porosity levels in the rest of thedeposit.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Thermal Analysis, Nodular Cast Iron, Inconel625, CFD, Flow Assesment, Multiphase Flow, Spray Deposition,Microporosity, Superalloys</p>

Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti Kauno miesto transporto keliamo triukšmo lygį seniūnijose, įvertinti individualią ekspoziciją ir ištirti ekspozicijos ryšį su hipertenzijos atvejais. Siekiant nustatyti triukšmo lygį Kauno mieste, 2012 metais atliktas triukšmo matavimo tyrimas bei analizę, taip pat tyrimui naudoti Kauno miesto savivaldybės strateginiam triukšmo žemėlapiui rengti sukaupti triukšmo matavimo duomenys, atlikta jų analizę, siekiant palyginti triukšmo lygio kitimo rezultatus 2006 ir 2012 metais. Triukšmo lygiai Kauno miesto seniūnijose svyravo nuo 55,9 dBA iki 73,8 dBA. Tyliausias mikrorajonas – Panemunė, čia vidutinis triukšmo lygis siekia tik 61,6 dBA. Triukšmingiausias mikrorajonas – Eiguliai, kur triukšmo lygis siekia 70,8 dBA. Dainavos mikrorajone užfiksuotas toks pat triukšmo lygis, koks buvo išmatuotas 2006 metais rengiant strateginį triukšmo žemėlapį – 70 dBA. Koreliacinis ryšys tarp 2006 metais išmatuoto ir sumodeliuoto transporto triukšmo lygio Kauno mieste yra – 0,5159. Modeliavimo paklaida triukšmo taršai (dBA) buvo 4,2. Ryšiui tarp gyvenamosios vietovės, transporto keliamo triukšmo ir hipertenzijos paplitimo, nustatyti atliktas epidemiologinis atvejis – kontrolė tyrimas, kuris apima visą miesto teritoriją. Tyrime dalyvavo 3189 moterys, kurių amžius buvo nuo 18 iki 45 metų, iš kurių atvejų grupę sudarė 433 moterys , kurių arterinis kraujospūdis buvo 140/90 mm/Hg ar didesnis, o likusios 2756 moterys – kontrolės grupę, kurioms hipertenzinė liga nenustatyta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of this work is to evaluate noise levels in local neighborhoods of Kaunas city, to assess individual exposure and to investigate the connection between Kaunas city traffic noise and arterial hypertension for working age women. To determine the noise level in the city of Kaunas, in 2012 there was made the noise measurement survey and analysis, also for the investigation was used data from strategic noise map of Kaunas City, as well there was made a data analysis to compare changes in noise level results in 2006 and 2012 years. Noise levels in Kaunas city neighborhoods ranged from 55.9 dBA to 73.8 dBA. The quietest place - Panemune, where the average noise level of only 61.6 dBA. Most exposed residential neighborhood - Eiguliai where the noise level to 70.8 dB. In Dainava district there was recorded the same noise level as measured in 2006 in strategic noise map - 70 dBA. Correlation between the measured and modeled traffic noise levels in Kaunas in 2006 year is - 0.5159. Noise pollution modeling error (dBA) was 4,2. To establish the connection between the place of residence, traffic noise and hypertension prevalence was used an epidemiological case - control study which includes the entire territory of the city. The study includes 3,189 women between the ages ranged from 18 to 45 years, case group consisted of 433 women, whose blood pressure was 140/90 mm/Hg or higher, while the remaining 2,756 women - the control group with hypertensive disease have been identified... [to full text]

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal