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El estudio de la estrategia multicanal “Aprendo en casa” en el Nivel Inicial desde las creencias y las atribuciones causales: una revisión bibliográficaOjeda Rebaza, Martha Gabriela, Paz Castro, Danitza Nicole 25 June 2020 (has links)
Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / La revisión teórica y bibliográfica desarrollada a continuación surge a raíz de la presencia de la primera experiencia de educación remota de emergencia en el Perú (una variante de la educación a distancia): la estrategia multicanal “Aprendo en casa”, la cual fue producto de la pandemia del coronavirus. Asimismo, este análisis de fuentes está orientado a identificar las posibilidades de indagación a partir de las creencias y atribuciones causales que puedan surgir de la utilización de esta modalidad de aprendizaje en el Nivel Inicial. Para ello, se define a las creencias como aquellos juicios evaluativos que conducen la manera de pensar y proceder de las personas en determinadas situaciones (Borg, 2001; Pajares,1992). De la misma forma, las atribuciones causales son construcciones mentales desarrolladas a partir de la búsqueda de razones que explican un hecho y que, además, determinan cómo el sujeto enfrenta situaciones posteriores (Weiner, 1985). Finalmente, en este trabajo, se ha identificado que, en los estudios realizados sobre educación a distancia, las percepciones sobre esta modalidad varían de acuerdo al nivel de conocimiento y experiencia que los docentes y estudiantes poseen acerca de ella. Además, se resalta la ausencia de situaciones en las que se haya usado este tipo de educación en edades tempranas y se hace hincapié en la necesidad de indagar la pertinencia de su aplicación en el Nivel Inicial. / The theoretical and bibliographic review developed below arises from the presence of the first remote education experience (EAD) in Peru (a distance education form): the multichannel strategy “Aprendo en casa”, which was a product of COVID-19. Likewise, this resource analysis is aimed towards identifying the possibilities of research based on the beliefs and causal attributions that may arise from the use of this new modality of learning at the preschool level. In order to do this, beliefs are defined as those evaluative judgments that guide the way people think or act in different circumstances (Borg, 2001; Pajares,1992). In the same way, causal attributions are mental constructions that are developed based on the reasons that explain a fact, and that, in addition, determines how any subject faces subsequent situations (Weiner, 1985). To finish off, in this investigation, it has been identified that, in the studies that have been carried out about distance education, perceptions about this modality vary according to the level of knowledge and experience that a teacher and student have of it. In addition, the absence of situations where this modality of education might have been used in the early years is highlighted and it is emphasized that there is a need to investigate the relevance of its application at preschool level. / Trabajo de investigación
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Great expectations : the relations between expectancies for success and academic achievementMoore, Caryl 04 1900 (has links)
The main aims of this broad exploratory study were (a) to gain insights as to the
possible interrelations between Unisa students' expectations for success and a
variety of significant variables (such as their academic performance, self-perceptions,
confidence, motivation, self-determination, others' expectancies, locus of control and
attributions relating to previous performance), and (b) to discover possible
differences relating to various groups (i.e. racial and gender groups; 'pass' and 'fail'
groups; and 'realistic' and 'unrealistic' groups).
The results of 61 hypotheses are compared with a variety of theoretical
suggestions and past findings. It was found that, on the whole, the various groups,
inter alia, expected to succeed, were confident about the accuracy of their
expectations, perceived themselves to work hard, considered themselves to have
considerable ability and to be above class average. Despite this rosy outlook many
students failed the examinations. Two of the most striking findings of this study were
that (a) those who failed overestimated their future performance to a significantly
greater extent than those who passed, and (b) overestimations were negatively
correlated with achievement. In contrast to theory and numerous research findings,
the psychological profiles of 'overoptimists', 'realists', and 'underestimators' revealed
that overoptimistic expectancies and self-perceptions appear to be maladaptive in an
academic context. Indeed, the findings suggest that accurate or even underoptimistic
self-assessments may be more conducive to academic success. It is proposed that
overoptimism may reflect ignorance of standards required, of adequate study
methods, or may result in inappropriate preparation. In light of the findings, the
implications and possible benefits and dangers of overoptimistic expectations and
self-perceptions are discussed.
The subjects are 715 third year Unisa psychology students, who are more
heterogeneous than most other university students as they not only vary
considerably in age but also come from a variety of cultures and backgrounds. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Fear of burglary in the Honeydew police districtWatt, Hermine 11 1900 (has links)
The research project investigated whether victims of housebreaking experienced motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits central to the Learned Helplessness phenomenon. In keeping with the Reformulated Learned Helplessness theory the attributional style of victims, were also assessed. The State-Trait Inventory developed by Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg and Jacobs was administered to measure the
anxiety levels of victims. Sub-goals served as illustration for the learned helplessness phenomenon.
Three- hundred victims, using probability sampling techniques, were interviewed by means of an interview schedule.
Support was found for cognitive and some motivational deficits and a common range of emotions experienced by victims. The majority of victims exhibited a global attnbutional style. Burglary victims did not show appreciably higher trait and state scores means,
except for females in the 19-39 age group, when compared to a psychological norm.
Environmental factors did play a role in rendering homes vulnerable.
Recommendations addressing the fear of housebreaking were made at a therapeutic and practical level. / Sociology / M.A. (Criminology)
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Perspective in context : relative truth, knowledge, and the first personKindermann, Dirk January 2012 (has links)
This dissertation is about the nature of perspectival thoughts and the context-sensitivity of the language used to express them. It focuses on two kinds of perspectival thoughts: ‘subjective' evaluative thoughts about matters of personal taste, such as 'Beetroot is delicious' or 'Skydiving is fun', and first-personal or de se thoughts about oneself, such as 'I am hungry' or 'I have been fooled.' The dissertation defends of a novel form of relativism about truth - the idea that the truth of some (but not all) perspectival thought and talk is relative to the perspective of an evaluating subject or group. In Part I, I argue that the realm of ‘subjective' evaluative thought and talk whose truth is perspective-relative includes attributions of knowledge of the form 'S knows that p.' Following a brief introduction (chapter 1), chapter 2 presents a new, error-theoretic objection against relativism about knowledge attributions. The case for relativism regarding knowledge attributions rests on the claim that relativism is the only view that explains all of the empirical data from speakers' use of the word "know" without recourse to an error theory. In chapter 2, I show that the relativist can only account for sceptical paradoxes and ordinary epistemic closure puzzles if she attributes a problematic form of semantic blindness to speakers. However, in 3 I show that all major competitor theories - forms of invariantism and contextualism - are subject to equally serious error-theoretic objections. This raises the following fundamental question for empirical theorising about the meaning of natural language expressions: If error attributions are ubiquitous, by which criteria do we evaluate and compare the force of error-theoretic objections and the plausibility of error attributions? I provide a number of criteria and argue that they give us reason to think that relativism's error attributions are more plausible than those of its competitors. In Part II, I develop a novel unified account of the content and communication of perspectival thoughts. Many relativists regarding ‘subjective' thoughts and Lewisians about de se thoughts endorse a view of belief as self-location. In chapter 4, I argue that the self-location view of belief is in conflict with the received picture of linguistic communication, which understands communication as the transmission of information from speaker's head to hearer's head. I argue that understanding mental content and speech act content in terms of sequenced worlds allows a reconciliation of these views. On the view I advocate, content is modelled as a set of sequenced worlds - possible worlds ‘centred' on a group of individuals inhabiting the world at some time. Intuitively, a sequenced world is a way a group of people may be. I develop a Stalnakerian model of communication based on sequenced worlds content, and I provide a suitable semantics for personal pronouns and predicates of personal taste. In chapter 5, I show that one of the advantages of this model is its compatibility with both nonindexical contextualism and truth relativism about taste. I argue in chapters 5 and 6 that the empirical data from eavesdropping, retraction, and disagreement cases supports a relativist completion of the model, and I show in detail how to account for these phenomena on the sequenced worlds view.
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Um estudo sobre a AMA - Assistência Médica Ambulatorial em Vila Nova Jaguaré / São Paulo e a forma de inserção do serviço social / A study on AMA - Assistência Médica Ambulatorial (Ambulatory Medical Assistance) in Vila Nova Jaguaré / São Paulo and a way to insert social serviceGarcia, Cristiane Andrade 23 October 2009 (has links)
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Cristiane Andrade Garcia.pdf: 2111056 bytes, checksum: d37b3c38bbaddcd5f6d9ce8f1fac6eb0 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / This present research was conducted on the current context of implementing AMAs
Assistência Médica Ambulatorial (Ambulatory Medical Assistance) in the city of São Paulo,
specifically that located in Vila Nova Jaguaré zone. This AMA is a partnership between
Prefeitura Muncipal de São Paulo and Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. It is a study on this
service and the insertion of Social Service on this scenario. The field research was
developed at AMA-Jaguaré. This study plunged into concepts related to health care, the
relationship between private organizations and public assistance, Social Service practice on
health care and the professional competence, the work management in a multi-professional
team. The methodology has embraced the bibliographic research on the main themes,
besides the documental research (laws, manuals and reports), participative investigation and
the quantitative/qualitative field research. Concerning the qualitative one, the interview and
the semi-structured interview were used in users, employees and professional s approach
methodological procedures. The results which were obtained have shown that the service
rendered by AMA may have created a new demand within the assistance net, because it
showed a search that we can consider as high. We can affirm that there was not a proper
projection concerning the assistance demand volume that would be created, considering the
limitation of physical space and lack of professionals. Besides, it was evidenced a trend
among the users concerning the need of indispensable equipment, such as XR device, for
more specific health diagnosis, resulting in a demand of such arrangement. Simultaneously,
it was also raised the importance of a higher attention on the reference process, by sending
the cases to specialties. In terms of a positive assessment of AMA, it was made explicit the
work role from Social Service. Other professionals have recognized it as a differential on
user welcome, listening, mediation and attention / A presente pesquisa contextualiza-se no momento atual, de implementação das AMAs -
Assistência Médica Ambulatorial na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente daquela situada
no bairro de Vila Nova Jaguaré, como parte de uma parceira entre a Prefeitura Municipal de
São Paulo e a Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. Constitui um estudo sobre esse serviço e
a inserção do Serviço Social nesse contexto. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida na AMA
Jaguaré, sendo nela aprofundados alguns conceitos relativos à saúde, à relação de
organizações privadas com atendimento público, à prática do Serviço Social na saúde, à
competência profissional e à gestão do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. A metodologia
abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas centrais, além de pesquisa documental
(leis, manuais e relatórios), observação participante e pesquisa de campo quanti-qualitativa.
Quanto a esta última, foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos de abordagem de
usuários, funcionários e profissionais, questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. A pesquisa
foi norteada por algumas questões básicas, levando-se em conta principalmente a forma
como foi pensada em São Paulo a questão das Organizações Sociais no âmbito da saúde,
na relação público / privado. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o serviço prestado
pela AMA pode ter criado uma nova demanda dentro da rede de atendimento, ao ter
recebido uma procura que deve ser considerada alta. Pode-se afirmar que não foi feita uma
projeção adequada do volume da demanda de atendimento que seria criada, tanto se
considerando a limitação do espaço físico como a insuficiência de profissionais. Além disso,
constatou-se entre os usuários um consenso sobre a necessidade de equipamentos
indispensáveis, tais como aparelho de RX para diagnósticos de saúde mais específicos,
tendo sido reivindicada essa providência. Foi levantada também, paralelamente, a
importância de maior atenção ao processo de referência, com a realização de
encaminhamentos para especialidades. Em termos de avaliação positiva da AMA, explicitouse
o papel do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Serviço Social, que foi reconhecido pelos outros
profissionais como um diferencial na abordagem, na escuta, na mediação e no acolhimento
do usuário
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Great expectations : the relations between expectancies for success and academic achievementMoore, Caryl 04 1900 (has links)
The main aims of this broad exploratory study were (a) to gain insights as to the
possible interrelations between Unisa students' expectations for success and a
variety of significant variables (such as their academic performance, self-perceptions,
confidence, motivation, self-determination, others' expectancies, locus of control and
attributions relating to previous performance), and (b) to discover possible
differences relating to various groups (i.e. racial and gender groups; 'pass' and 'fail'
groups; and 'realistic' and 'unrealistic' groups).
The results of 61 hypotheses are compared with a variety of theoretical
suggestions and past findings. It was found that, on the whole, the various groups,
inter alia, expected to succeed, were confident about the accuracy of their
expectations, perceived themselves to work hard, considered themselves to have
considerable ability and to be above class average. Despite this rosy outlook many
students failed the examinations. Two of the most striking findings of this study were
that (a) those who failed overestimated their future performance to a significantly
greater extent than those who passed, and (b) overestimations were negatively
correlated with achievement. In contrast to theory and numerous research findings,
the psychological profiles of 'overoptimists', 'realists', and 'underestimators' revealed
that overoptimistic expectancies and self-perceptions appear to be maladaptive in an
academic context. Indeed, the findings suggest that accurate or even underoptimistic
self-assessments may be more conducive to academic success. It is proposed that
overoptimism may reflect ignorance of standards required, of adequate study
methods, or may result in inappropriate preparation. In light of the findings, the
implications and possible benefits and dangers of overoptimistic expectations and
self-perceptions are discussed.
The subjects are 715 third year Unisa psychology students, who are more
heterogeneous than most other university students as they not only vary
considerably in age but also come from a variety of cultures and backgrounds. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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177 |
Fear of burglary in the Honeydew police districtWatt, Hermine 11 1900 (has links)
The research project investigated whether victims of housebreaking experienced motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits central to the Learned Helplessness phenomenon. In keeping with the Reformulated Learned Helplessness theory the attributional style of victims, were also assessed. The State-Trait Inventory developed by Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg and Jacobs was administered to measure the
anxiety levels of victims. Sub-goals served as illustration for the learned helplessness phenomenon.
Three- hundred victims, using probability sampling techniques, were interviewed by means of an interview schedule.
Support was found for cognitive and some motivational deficits and a common range of emotions experienced by victims. The majority of victims exhibited a global attnbutional style. Burglary victims did not show appreciably higher trait and state scores means,
except for females in the 19-39 age group, when compared to a psychological norm.
Environmental factors did play a role in rendering homes vulnerable.
Recommendations addressing the fear of housebreaking were made at a therapeutic and practical level. / Sociology / M.A. (Criminology)
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The roles of commitment and attributions on uninvolved partner responses to imagined sexual infidelityJohnson, Courtney Beth 06 August 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study examined the roles of commitment and attributions in uninvolved partner responses to imagined sexual infidelity. Undergraduate students (N = 298) in dating relationships participated in a hypothetical sexual infidelity scenario in which they imagined their romantic partner engaged in sexual intercourse with someone else. Measured-variable path analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of commitment and attributions on negative emotional responses and predicted relationship continuation. The hypothesized conceptual model demonstrated poor fit to sample data. Through exploratory model building, an alternative model was generated that demonstrated good fit to sample data. A subset of commitment, investment, predicted negative affect. In addition, attributions predicted predictions of relationship continuation. Negative emotional responses were highly endorsed on a validated measure for emotional responses, the PANAS-X (Watson & Clark, 1994). Further, study findings highlight the importance of the use of a compliance check in assessing successful participant completion of imagined infidelity scenario. Unique study contributions include directions for further conceptual model development for this area of research as well as support for the use of compliance checks and careful selection of infidelity scenario.
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Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz / Stability versus flexibility: a dichotomy necessary for innovation in human resource management in a public organization, state and strategic and Bio-Manguinhos / FiocruzNogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009 / Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.
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